Not speaking as an expert in EtherCAT.
EtherCAT requires a custom Ethernet interface for slave nodes. So, to combine this with an mbed you would add an EtherCAT slave interface. This could be an ASIC or an FPGA. If you did this, then you would want/need a very high bandwidth interface to the mbed module itself. Perhaps a very high performance SPI would work.
It would seem more practical to choose a micro which has EtherCAT support, of which there are a few. Some of them do have an ARM processor, but as far as I know, those are much higher performance than the market for the typical mbed node.
The typical mbed could more easily be an EtherCAT master, since that is implemented with traditional Ethernet interfaces (but then you would likely want much more flash/ram in the master).
Is anyone working on an implementation of etherCAT using mbed as a slave microprocessor?