Rahul Dahiya / Mbed OS STM32F7 Ethernet
Revision:
0:fb8047b156bb
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/mbed-os/features/FEATURE_BLE/ble/GattCharacteristic.h	Wed Jan 15 15:57:15 2020 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,1962 @@
+/* mbed Microcontroller Library
+ * Copyright (c) 2006-2013 ARM Limited
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __GATT_CHARACTERISTIC_H__
+#define __GATT_CHARACTERISTIC_H__
+
+#include "Gap.h"
+#include "SecurityManager.h"
+#include "GattAttribute.h"
+#include "GattCallbackParamTypes.h"
+#include "FunctionPointerWithContext.h"
+
+/**
+ * @addtogroup ble
+ * @{
+ * @addtogroup gatt
+ * @{
+ * @addtogroup server
+ * @{
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Representation of a GattServer characteristic.
+ *
+ * A characteristic is a typed value enclosed in a GATT service (GattService).
+ *
+ * @par Type
+ *
+ * The type of the value defines the purpose of the characteristic, and a
+ * UUID represents it. Standard characteristic types may be consulted at
+ * https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/gatt/characteristics
+ *
+ * @par Supported operations
+ * A set of properties define what client operations the characteristic
+ * supports. See GattServer::Properties_t
+ *
+ * @par Descriptors
+ *
+ * Additional information, such as the unit of the characteristic value, a
+ * description string or a client control point, can be added to the
+ * characteristic.
+ *
+ * See BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 4.2 [Vol 3, Part G] - 3.3.1.1
+ *
+ * One of the most important types of descriptor is the Client Characteristic
+ * Configuration Descriptor (CCCD) that must be present if the characteristic
+ * properties allow a client to subscribe to updates of the characteristic
+ * value.
+ *
+ * @par Characteristic breakdown
+ *
+ * A characteristic is composed of several GATT attributes (GattAttribute):
+ *   - Characteristic declaration: It contains the properties of the
+ *     characteristic, its type and the handle of its value.
+ *   - Characteristic value: The value of the characteristic.
+ *   - Descriptors: A single GATT attribute stores each descriptor.
+ *
+ * When the GattService containing the characteristic is registered in the
+ * GattServer, a unique attribute handle is assigned to the various attributes
+ * of the characteristic. Clients use this handle to interact with the
+ * characteristic. This handle is used locally in GattServer APIs.
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * Representation of a GattServer characteristic.
+ *
+ * A characteristic is a typed value used in a service. It contains a set of
+ * properties that define client operations supported by the characteristic.
+ * A characteristic may also include descriptors; a descriptor exposes
+ * metainformation associated to a characteristic, such as the unit of its value, 
+ * its human readable name or a control point attribute that allows the client to
+ * subscribe to the characteristic notifications.
+ *
+ * The GattCharacteristic class allows application code to construct
+ * and monitor characteristics presents in a GattServer.
+ */
+class GattCharacteristic {
+public:
+
+    /*
+     * Enumeration of characteristic UUID defined by the Bluetooth body.
+     */
+    enum {
+        /**
+         * Not used in actual BLE service.
+         */
+        UUID_BATTERY_LEVEL_STATE_CHAR = 0x2A1B,
+
+        /**
+         * Not used in actual BLE service.
+         */
+        UUID_BATTERY_POWER_STATE_CHAR = 0x2A1A,
+
+        /**
+         * Not used in actual BLE service.
+         */
+        UUID_REMOVABLE_CHAR = 0x2A3A,
+
+        /**
+         * Not used in actual BLE service.
+         */
+        UUID_SERVICE_REQUIRED_CHAR = 0x2A3B,
+
+        /**
+         * Not used as a characteristic UUID.
+         */
+        UUID_ALERT_CATEGORY_ID_CHAR = 0x2A43,
+
+        /**
+         * Not used as a characteristic UUID.
+         */
+        UUID_ALERT_CATEGORY_ID_BIT_MASK_CHAR = 0x2A42,
+
+        /**
+         * Control point of the Immediate Alert service that allows the client to
+         * command the server to alert to a given level.
+         */
+        UUID_ALERT_LEVEL_CHAR = 0x2A06,
+
+        /**
+         * Control point of the Alert Notification service that allows the client
+         * finely tune the notification configuration.
+         */
+        UUID_ALERT_NOTIFICATION_CONTROL_POINT_CHAR = 0x2A44,
+
+        /**
+         * Part of the Alert Notification service, which exposes the count of
+         * unread alert events existing in the server.
+         */
+        UUID_ALERT_STATUS_CHAR = 0x2A3F,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Battery service, which exposes the current
+         * battery level as a percentage.
+         */
+        UUID_BATTERY_LEVEL_CHAR = 0x2A19,
+
+        /**
+         * Describe the features supported by the blood pressure sensor exposed
+         * by the Blood Pressure service.
+         */
+        UUID_BLOOD_PRESSURE_FEATURE_CHAR = 0x2A49,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Blood Pressure service that exposes the
+         * measurement of the blood sensor.
+         */
+        UUID_BLOOD_PRESSURE_MEASUREMENT_CHAR = 0x2A35,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Heart Rate service that indicate the intended
+         * location of the heart rate monitor.
+         */
+        UUID_BODY_SENSOR_LOCATION_CHAR = 0x2A38,
+
+        /**
+         * Part of the Human Interface Device service.
+         */
+        UUID_BOOT_KEYBOARD_INPUT_REPORT_CHAR = 0x2A22,
+
+        /**
+         * Part of the Human Interface Device service.
+         */
+        UUID_BOOT_KEYBOARD_OUTPUT_REPORT_CHAR = 0x2A32,
+
+        /**
+         * Part of the Human Interface Device service.
+         */
+        UUID_BOOT_MOUSE_INPUT_REPORT_CHAR = 0x2A33,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Current Time service that contains the current
+         * time.
+         */
+        UUID_CURRENT_TIME_CHAR = 0x2A2B,
+
+        /**
+         * Not used in a service as a characteristic.
+         */
+        UUID_DATE_TIME_CHAR = 0x2A08,
+
+        /**
+         * Not used in a service as a characteristic.
+         */
+        UUID_DAY_DATE_TIME_CHAR = 0x2A0A,
+
+        /**
+         * Not used in a service as a characteristic.
+         */
+        UUID_DAY_OF_WEEK_CHAR = 0x2A09,
+
+        /**
+         * Not used in a service as a characteristic.
+         */
+        UUID_DST_OFFSET_CHAR = 0x2A0D,
+
+        /**
+         * Not used in a service as a characteristic.
+         */
+        UUID_EXACT_TIME_256_CHAR = 0x2A0C,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Device Information Service that contains a
+         * UTF8 string representing the firmware revision for the firmware within
+         * the device.
+         */
+        UUID_FIRMWARE_REVISION_STRING_CHAR = 0x2A26,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Glucose service that exposes features supported
+         * by the server.
+         */
+        UUID_GLUCOSE_FEATURE_CHAR = 0x2A51,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Glucose service that exposes glucose
+         * measurements.
+         */
+        UUID_GLUCOSE_MEASUREMENT_CHAR = 0x2A18,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Glucose service that sends additional
+         * information related to the glucose measurements.
+         */
+        UUID_GLUCOSE_MEASUREMENT_CONTEXT_CHAR = 0x2A34,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Device Information Service that contains a
+         * UTF8 string representing the hardware revision of the device.
+         */
+        UUID_HARDWARE_REVISION_STRING_CHAR = 0x2A27,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Heart Rate service used by the client to control
+         * the service behavior.
+         */
+        UUID_HEART_RATE_CONTROL_POINT_CHAR = 0x2A39,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Heart Rate that sends heart rate measurements to
+         * registered clients.
+         */
+        UUID_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT_CHAR = 0x2A37,
+
+        /**
+         * Part of the Human Interface Device service.
+         */
+        UUID_HID_CONTROL_POINT_CHAR = 0x2A4C,
+
+        /**
+         * Part of the Human Interface Device service.
+         */
+        UUID_HID_INFORMATION_CHAR = 0x2A4A,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Environmental Sensing service, which exposes
+         * humidity measurements.
+         */
+        UUID_HUMIDITY_CHAR = 0x2A6F,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Device Information Service, which exposes
+         * various regulatory or certification compliance items to which the
+         * device claims adherence.
+         */
+        UUID_IEEE_REGULATORY_CERTIFICATION_DATA_LIST_CHAR = 0x2A2A,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Blood Pressure service, which exposes intermediate
+         * cuff pressure measurements.
+         */
+        UUID_INTERMEDIATE_CUFF_PRESSURE_CHAR = 0x2A36,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Health Thermometer service that sends intermediate
+         * temperature values while the measurement is in progress.
+         */
+        UUID_INTERMEDIATE_TEMPERATURE_CHAR = 0x2A1E,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the current Time service that exposes information
+         * about the local time.
+         */
+        UUID_LOCAL_TIME_INFORMATION_CHAR = 0x2A0F,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Device Information Service that contains a
+         * UTF8 string representing the manufacturer name of the device.
+         */
+        UUID_MANUFACTURER_NAME_STRING_CHAR = 0x2A29,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Health Thermometer service that exposes the
+         * interval time between two measurements.
+         */
+        UUID_MEASUREMENT_INTERVAL_CHAR = 0x2A21,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Device Information Service that contains a
+         * UTF8 string representing the model number of the device assigned by
+         * the vendor.
+         */
+        UUID_MODEL_NUMBER_STRING_CHAR = 0x2A24,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Alert Notification Service that shows how many
+         * numbers of unread alerts exist in the specific category in the device.
+         */
+        UUID_UNREAD_ALERT_CHAR = 0x2A45,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Alert Notification Service that defines the
+         * category of the alert and how many new alerts of that category have
+         * occurred in the server.
+         */
+        UUID_NEW_ALERT_CHAR = 0x2A46,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Device Information Service; it is a set of
+         * values used to create a device ID that is unique for this device.
+         */
+        UUID_PNP_ID_CHAR = 0x2A50,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Environmental Sensing Service that exposes the
+         * pressure measured.
+         */
+        UUID_PRESSURE_CHAR = 0x2A6D,
+
+        /**
+         * Part of the Human Interface Device service.
+         */
+        UUID_PROTOCOL_MODE_CHAR = 0x2A4E,
+
+        /**
+         * Pulse Oxymeter, Glucose and Continuous Glucose Monitoring services
+         * use this control point to provide basic management of the patient
+         * record database.
+         */
+        UUID_RECORD_ACCESS_CONTROL_POINT_CHAR = 0x2A52,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Current Time service that exposes information
+         * related to the current time served (accuracy, source, hours since
+         * update and so on).
+         */
+        UUID_REFERENCE_TIME_INFORMATION_CHAR = 0x2A14,
+
+        /**
+         * Part of the Human Interface Device service.
+         */
+        UUID_REPORT_CHAR = 0x2A4D,
+
+        /**
+         * Part of the Human Interface Device service.
+         */
+        UUID_REPORT_MAP_CHAR = 0x2A4B,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Phone Alert Status service that allows a client
+         * to configure operating mode.
+         */
+        UUID_RINGER_CONTROL_POINT_CHAR = 0x2A40,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Phone Alert Status service that returns the
+         * ringer setting when read.
+         */
+        UUID_RINGER_SETTING_CHAR = 0x2A41,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Scan Parameter service that stores the client's
+         * scan parameters (scan interval and scan window).
+         */
+        UUID_SCAN_INTERVAL_WINDOW_CHAR = 0x2A4F,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Scan Parameter service that sends a notification
+         * to a client when the server requires its latest scan parameters.
+         */
+        UUID_SCAN_REFRESH_CHAR = 0x2A31,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Device Information Service that contains a
+         * UTF8 string representing the serial number of the device.
+         */
+        UUID_SERIAL_NUMBER_STRING_CHAR = 0x2A25,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Device Information Service that contains an
+         * UTF8 string representing the software revision of the device.
+         */
+        UUID_SOFTWARE_REVISION_STRING_CHAR = 0x2A28,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Alert Notification Service that notifies the
+         * count of new alerts for a given category to a subscribed client.
+         */
+        UUID_SUPPORTED_NEW_ALERT_CATEGORY_CHAR = 0x2A47,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Alert Notification service, which exposes
+         * categories of unread alert supported by the server.
+         */
+        UUID_SUPPORTED_UNREAD_ALERT_CATEGORY_CHAR = 0x2A48,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Device Information Service that exposes a
+         * structure containing an Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI)
+         * followed by a manufacturer-defined identifier. The value of the
+         * structure is unique for each individual instance of the product.
+         */
+        UUID_SYSTEM_ID_CHAR = 0x2A23,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Environmental Sensing service that exposes the
+         * temperature measurement with a resolution of 0.01 degree Celsius.
+         */
+        UUID_TEMPERATURE_CHAR = 0x2A6E,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Health Thermometer service that sends temperature
+         * measurement to clients.
+         */
+        UUID_TEMPERATURE_MEASUREMENT_CHAR = 0x2A1C,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Health Thermometer service that describes
+         * where the measurement takes place.
+         */
+        UUID_TEMPERATURE_TYPE_CHAR = 0x2A1D,
+
+        /**
+         * Not used in a service as a characteristic.
+         */
+        UUID_TIME_ACCURACY_CHAR = 0x2A12,
+
+        /**
+         * Not used in a service as a characteristic.
+         */
+        UUID_TIME_SOURCE_CHAR = 0x2A13,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Reference Time service that allows clients to
+         * control time update.
+         */
+        UUID_TIME_UPDATE_CONTROL_POINT_CHAR = 0x2A16,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Reference Time service that informs clients of
+         * the status of the time update operation.
+         */
+        UUID_TIME_UPDATE_STATE_CHAR = 0x2A17,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Next DST Change service that returns to clients
+         * the time with DST.
+         */
+        UUID_TIME_WITH_DST_CHAR = 0x2A11,
+
+        /**
+         * Not used in a service as a characteristic.
+         */
+        UUID_TIME_ZONE_CHAR = 0x2A0E,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the TX Power service that exposes the current
+         * transmission power in dBm.
+         */
+        UUID_TX_POWER_LEVEL_CHAR = 0x2A07,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Cycling Speed and Cadence (CSC) service that
+         * exposes features supported by the server.
+         */
+        UUID_CSC_FEATURE_CHAR = 0x2A5C,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Cycling Speed and Cadence (CSC) service that
+         * exposes measurements made by the server.
+         */
+        UUID_CSC_MEASUREMENT_CHAR = 0x2A5B,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Running Speed and Cadence (RSC) service that
+         * exposes features supported by the server.
+         */
+        UUID_RSC_FEATURE_CHAR = 0x2A54,
+
+        /**
+         * Characteristic of the Running Speed and Cadence (RSC) service that
+         * exposes measurements made by the server.
+         */
+        UUID_RSC_MEASUREMENT_CHAR = 0x2A53
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Unit type of a characteristic value.
+     *
+     * These unit types are used to describe what the raw numeric data in a
+     * characteristic actually represents. A server can expose that information
+     * to its clients by adding a Characteristic Presentation Format descriptor
+     * to relevant characteristics.
+     *
+     * @note See https://developer.bluetooth.org/gatt/units/Pages/default.aspx
+     */
+    enum {
+
+        /**
+         * No specified unit type.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_NONE = 0x2700,
+
+        /**
+         * Length, meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_LENGTH_METRE = 0x2701,
+
+        /**
+         * Mass, kilogram.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_MASS_KILOGRAM = 0x2702,
+
+        /**
+         * Time, second.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_TIME_SECOND = 0x2703,
+
+        /**
+         * Electric current, ampere.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ELECTRIC_CURRENT_AMPERE = 0x2704,
+
+        /**
+         * Thermodynamic temperature, kelvin.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_THERMODYNAMIC_TEMPERATURE_KELVIN = 0x2705,
+
+        /** Amount of substance, mole.
+         *
+        */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_AMOUNT_OF_SUBSTANCE_MOLE = 0x2706,
+
+        /**
+         * Luminous intensity, candela.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_LUMINOUS_INTENSITY_CANDELA = 0x2707,
+
+        /**
+         * Area, square meters.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_AREA_SQUARE_METRES = 0x2710,
+
+        /**
+         * Volume, cubic meters.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_VOLUME_CUBIC_METRES = 0x2711,
+
+        /**
+         * Velocity, meters per second.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_VELOCITY_METRES_PER_SECOND = 0x2712,
+
+        /**
+         * Acceleration, meters per second squared.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ACCELERATION_METRES_PER_SECOND_SQUARED = 0x2713,
+
+        /**
+         * Wave number reciprocal, meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_WAVENUMBER_RECIPROCAL_METRE = 0x2714,
+
+        /**
+         * Density, kilogram per cubic meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_DENSITY_KILOGRAM_PER_CUBIC_METRE = 0x2715,
+
+        /**
+         * Surface density (kilogram per square meter).
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_SURFACE_DENSITY_KILOGRAM_PER_SQUARE_METRE = 0x2716,
+
+        /**
+         * Specific volume (cubic meter per kilogram).
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_SPECIFIC_VOLUME_CUBIC_METRE_PER_KILOGRAM = 0x2717,
+
+        /**
+         * Current density (ampere per square meter).
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_CURRENT_DENSITY_AMPERE_PER_SQUARE_METRE = 0x2718,
+
+        /**
+         * Magnetic field strength, ampere per meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_MAGNETIC_FIELD_STRENGTH_AMPERE_PER_METRE = 0x2719,
+
+        /**
+         * Amount concentration (mole per cubic meter).
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_AMOUNT_CONCENTRATION_MOLE_PER_CUBIC_METRE = 0x271A,
+
+        /**
+         * Mass concentration (kilogram per cubic meter).
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_MASS_CONCENTRATION_KILOGRAM_PER_CUBIC_METRE = 0x271B,
+
+        /**
+         * Luminance (candela per square meter).
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_LUMINANCE_CANDELA_PER_SQUARE_METRE = 0x271C,
+
+        /**
+         * Refractive index.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_REFRACTIVE_INDEX = 0x271D,
+
+        /**
+         * Relative permeability.
+        */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_RELATIVE_PERMEABILITY = 0x271E,
+
+        /**
+         * Plane angle (radian).
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_PLANE_ANGLE_RADIAN = 0x2720,
+
+        /**
+         * Solid angle (steradian).
+        */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_SOLID_ANGLE_STERADIAN = 0x2721,
+
+        /**
+         * Frequency, hertz.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_FREQUENCY_HERTZ = 0x2722,
+
+        /**
+         * Force, newton.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_FORCE_NEWTON = 0x2723,
+
+        /**
+         * Pressure, pascal.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_PRESSURE_PASCAL = 0x2724,
+
+        /**
+         * Energy, joule.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ENERGY_JOULE = 0x2725,
+
+        /**
+         * Power, watt.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_POWER_WATT = 0x2726,
+
+        /**
+         * Electrical charge, coulomb.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ELECTRIC_CHARGE_COULOMB = 0x2727,
+
+        /**
+         * Electrical potential difference, voltage.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ELECTRIC_POTENTIAL_DIFFERENCE_VOLT = 0x2728,
+
+        /**
+         * Capacitance, farad.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_CAPACITANCE_FARAD = 0x2729,
+
+        /**
+         * Electric resistance, ohm.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ELECTRIC_RESISTANCE_OHM = 0x272A,
+
+        /**
+         * Electric conductance, siemens.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ELECTRIC_CONDUCTANCE_SIEMENS = 0x272B,
+
+        /**
+         * Magnetic flux, weber.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_MAGNETIC_FLEX_WEBER = 0x272C,
+
+        /**
+         * Magnetic flux density, tesla.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_MAGNETIC_FLEX_DENSITY_TESLA = 0x272D,
+
+        /**
+         * Inductance, henry.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_INDUCTANCE_HENRY = 0x272E,
+
+        /**
+         * Celsius temperature, degree Celsius.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_THERMODYNAMIC_TEMPERATURE_DEGREE_CELSIUS = 0x272F,
+
+        /**
+         * Luminous flux, lumen.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_LUMINOUS_FLUX_LUMEN = 0x2730,
+
+        /**
+         * Illuminance, lux.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ILLUMINANCE_LUX = 0x2731,
+
+        /**
+         * Activity referred to a radionuclide, becquerel.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ACTIVITY_REFERRED_TO_A_RADIONUCLIDE_BECQUEREL = 0x2732,
+
+        /**
+         * Absorbed dose, gray.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ABSORBED_DOSE_GRAY = 0x2733,
+
+        /**
+         * Dose equivalent, sievert.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_DOSE_EQUIVALENT_SIEVERT = 0x2734,
+
+        /**
+         * Catalytic activity, katal.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_CATALYTIC_ACTIVITY_KATAL = 0x2735,
+
+        /**
+         * Dynamic viscosity, pascal second.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_DYNAMIC_VISCOSITY_PASCAL_SECOND = 0x2740,
+
+        /**
+         * Moment of force, newton meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_MOMENT_OF_FORCE_NEWTON_METRE = 0x2741,
+
+        /**
+         * Surface tension, newton per meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_SURFACE_TENSION_NEWTON_PER_METRE = 0x2742,
+
+        /**
+         * Angular velocity, radian per second.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ANGULAR_VELOCITY_RADIAN_PER_SECOND = 0x2743,
+
+        /**
+         * Angular acceleration, radian per second squared.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ANGULAR_ACCELERATION_RADIAN_PER_SECOND_SQUARED = 0x2744,
+
+        /**
+         * Heat flux density, watt per square meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_HEAT_FLUX_DENSITY_WATT_PER_SQUARE_METRE = 0x2745,
+
+        /**
+         * Heat capacity, joule per kelvin.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_HEAT_CAPACITY_JOULE_PER_KELVIN = 0x2746,
+
+        /**
+         * Specific heat capacity, joule per kilogram kelvin.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_SPECIFIC_HEAT_CAPACITY_JOULE_PER_KILOGRAM_KELVIN = 0x2747,
+
+        /**
+         * Specific energy, joule per kilogram.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_SPECIFIC_ENERGY_JOULE_PER_KILOGRAM = 0x2748,
+
+        /**
+         * Thermal conductivity, watt per meter kelvin.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_THERMAL_CONDUCTIVITY_WATT_PER_METRE_KELVIN = 0x2749,
+
+        /**
+         * Energy density, joule per cubic meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ENERGY_DENSITY_JOULE_PER_CUBIC_METRE = 0x274A,
+
+        /**
+         * Electric field strength, volt per meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ELECTRIC_FIELD_STRENGTH_VOLT_PER_METRE = 0x274B,
+
+        /**
+         * Electric charge density, coulomb per cubic meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ELECTRIC_CHARGE_DENSITY_COULOMB_PER_CUBIC_METRE = 0x274C,
+
+        /**
+         * Surface charge density, coulomb per square meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_SURFACE_CHARGE_DENSITY_COULOMB_PER_SQUARE_METRE = 0x274D,
+
+        /**
+         * Electric flux density, coulomb per square meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ELECTRIC_FLUX_DENSITY_COULOMB_PER_SQUARE_METRE = 0x274E,
+
+        /**
+         * Permittivity, farad per meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_PERMITTIVITY_FARAD_PER_METRE = 0x274F,
+
+        /**
+         * Permeability, henry per meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_PERMEABILITY_HENRY_PER_METRE = 0x2750,
+
+        /**
+         * Molar energy, joule per mole.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_MOLAR_ENERGY_JOULE_PER_MOLE = 0x2751,
+
+        /**
+         * Molar entropy, joule per mole kelvin.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_MOLAR_ENTROPY_JOULE_PER_MOLE_KELVIN = 0x2752,
+
+        /**
+         * Exposure, coulomb per kilogram.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_EXPOSURE_COULOMB_PER_KILOGRAM = 0x2753,
+
+        /**
+         * Absorbed dose rate, gray per second.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ABSORBED_DOSE_RATE_GRAY_PER_SECOND = 0x2754,
+
+        /**
+         * Radiant intensity, watt per steradian.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_RADIANT_INTENSITY_WATT_PER_STERADIAN = 0x2755,
+
+        /**
+         * Radiance, watt per square meter steradian.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_RADIANCE_WATT_PER_SQUARE_METRE_STERADIAN = 0x2756,
+
+        /**
+         * Catalytic activity concentration, katal per cubic meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_CATALYTIC_ACTIVITY_CONCENTRATION_KATAL_PER_CUBIC_METRE = 0x2757,
+
+        /**
+         * Time, minute.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_TIME_MINUTE = 0x2760,
+
+        /**
+         * Time, hour.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_TIME_HOUR = 0x2761,
+
+        /**
+         * Time, day.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_TIME_DAY = 0x2762,
+
+        /**
+         * Plane angle, degree.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_PLANE_ANGLE_DEGREE = 0x2763,
+
+        /**
+         * Plane angle, minute.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_PLANE_ANGLE_MINUTE = 0x2764,
+
+        /**
+         * Plane angle, seconds.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_PLANE_ANGLE_SECOND = 0x2765,
+
+        /**
+         * Area, hectare.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_AREA_HECTARE = 0x2766,
+
+        /**
+         * Volume, liter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_VOLUME_LITRE = 0x2767,
+
+        /**
+         * Mass, ton.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_MASS_TONNE = 0x2768,
+
+        /**
+         * Pressure, bar.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_PRESSURE_BAR = 0x2780,
+
+        /**
+         * Pressure, millimeter of mercury.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_PRESSURE_MILLIMETRE_OF_MERCURY = 0x2781,
+
+        /**
+         * Length, ngstrm.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_LENGTH_ANGSTROM = 0x2782,
+
+        /**
+         * Length, nautical mile.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_LENGTH_NAUTICAL_MILE = 0x2783,
+
+        /**
+         * Area, barn.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_AREA_BARN = 0x2784,
+
+        /**
+         * Velocity, knot.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_VELOCITY_KNOT = 0x2785,
+
+        /**
+         * Logarithmic radio quantity, neper.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_LOGARITHMIC_RADIO_QUANTITY_NEPER = 0x2786,
+
+        /**
+         * Logarithmic radio quantity, bel.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_LOGARITHMIC_RADIO_QUANTITY_BEL = 0x2787,
+
+        /**
+         * Length, yard.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_LENGTH_YARD = 0x27A0,
+
+        /**
+         * Length, parsec.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_LENGTH_PARSEC = 0x27A1,
+
+        /**
+         * Length, inch.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_LENGTH_INCH = 0x27A2,
+
+        /**
+         * Length, foot.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_LENGTH_FOOT = 0x27A3,
+
+        /**
+         * Length, mile.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_LENGTH_MILE = 0x27A4,
+
+        /**
+         * Pressure, pound-force per square inch.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_PRESSURE_POUND_FORCE_PER_SQUARE_INCH = 0x27A5,
+
+        /**
+         * Velocity, kilometer per hour.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_VELOCITY_KILOMETRE_PER_HOUR = 0x27A6,
+
+        /** Velocity, mile per hour.
+         *
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_VELOCITY_MILE_PER_HOUR = 0x27A7,
+
+        /**
+         * Angular Velocity, revolution per minute.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ANGULAR_VELOCITY_REVOLUTION_PER_MINUTE = 0x27A8,
+
+        /**
+         * Energy, gram calorie.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ENERGY_GRAM_CALORIE = 0x27A9,
+
+        /**
+         * Energy, kilogram calorie.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ENERGY_KILOGRAM_CALORIE = 0x27AA,
+
+        /**
+         * Energy, killowatt hour.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ENERGY_KILOWATT_HOUR = 0x27AB,
+
+        /**
+         * Thermodynamic temperature, degree Fahrenheit.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_THERMODYNAMIC_TEMPERATURE_DEGREE_FAHRENHEIT = 0x27AC,
+
+        /**
+         * Percentage.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_PERCENTAGE = 0x27AD,
+
+        /**
+         * Per mille.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_PER_MILLE = 0x27AE,
+
+        /**
+         * Period, beats per minute.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_PERIOD_BEATS_PER_MINUTE = 0x27AF,
+
+        /**
+         * Electric charge, ampere hours.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_ELECTRIC_CHARGE_AMPERE_HOURS = 0x27B0,
+
+        /**
+         * Mass density, milligram per deciliter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_MASS_DENSITY_MILLIGRAM_PER_DECILITRE = 0x27B1,
+
+        /**
+         * Mass density, millimole per liter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_MASS_DENSITY_MILLIMOLE_PER_LITRE = 0x27B2,
+
+        /**
+         * Time, year.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_TIME_YEAR = 0x27B3,
+
+        /**
+         * Time, month.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_TIME_MONTH = 0x27B4,
+
+        /**
+         * Concentration, count per cubic meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_CONCENTRATION_COUNT_PER_CUBIC_METRE = 0x27B5,
+
+        /**
+         * Irradiance, watt per square meter.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_UNIT_IRRADIANCE_WATT_PER_SQUARE_METRE = 0x27B6
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Presentation format of a characteristic.
+     *
+     * It determines how the value of a characteristic is formatted. A server
+     * can expose that information to its clients by adding a Characteristic
+     * Presentation Format descriptor to relevant characteristics.
+     *
+     * @note See Bluetooth Specification 4.0 (Vol. 3), Part G, Section 3.3.3.5.2.
+     */
+    enum {
+        /**
+         * Reserved for future use.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_RFU = 0x00,
+
+        /**
+         * Boolean.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_BOOLEAN = 0x01,
+
+        /**
+         * Unsigned 2-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_2BIT = 0x02,
+
+        /**
+         * Unsigned 4-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_NIBBLE = 0x03,
+
+        /**
+         * Unsigned 8-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_UINT8 = 0x04,
+
+        /**
+         * Unsigned 12-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_UINT12 = 0x05,
+
+        /**
+         * Unsigned 16-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_UINT16 = 0x06,
+
+        /**
+         * Unsigned 24-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_UINT24 = 0x07,
+
+        /**
+         * Unsigned 32-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_UINT32 = 0x08,
+
+        /**
+         * Unsigned 48-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_UINT48 = 0x09,
+
+        /**
+         * Unsigned 64-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_UINT64 = 0x0A,
+
+        /**
+         * Unsigned 128-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_UINT128 = 0x0B,
+
+        /**
+         * Signed 8-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_SINT8 = 0x0C,
+
+        /**
+         * Signed 12-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_SINT12 = 0x0D,
+
+        /**
+         * Signed 16-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_SINT16 = 0x0E,
+
+        /**
+         * Signed 24-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_SINT24 = 0x0F,
+
+        /**
+         * Signed 32-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_SINT32 = 0x10,
+
+        /**
+         * Signed 48-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_SINT48 = 0x11,
+
+        /**
+         * Signed 64-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_SINT64 = 0x12,
+
+        /**
+         * Signed 128-bit integer.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_SINT128 = 0x13,
+
+        /**
+         * IEEE-754 32-bit floating point.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_FLOAT32 = 0x14,
+
+        /**
+         * IEEE-754 64-bit floating point.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_FLOAT64 = 0x15,
+
+        /**
+         * IEEE-11073 16-bit SFLOAT.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_SFLOAT = 0x16,
+
+        /**
+         * IEEE-11073 32-bit FLOAT.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_FLOAT = 0x17,
+
+        /**
+         * IEEE-20601 format.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_DUINT16 = 0x18,
+
+        /**
+         * UTF8 string.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_UTF8S = 0x19,
+
+        /**
+         * UTF16 string.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_UTF16S = 0x1A,
+
+        /**
+         * Opaque Structure.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_FORMAT_STRUCT = 0x1B
+    };
+
+    /*!
+     * Characteristic properties.
+     *
+     * It is a bitfield that determines how a characteristic value can be used.
+     *
+     * @note See Bluetooth Specification 4.0 (Vol. 3), Part G, Section 3.3.1.1
+     * and Section 3.3.3.1 for Extended Properties.
+     */
+    enum Properties_t {
+        /**
+         * No property defined.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_NONE = 0x00,
+
+        /**
+         * Permits broadcasts of the characteristic value using the Server
+         * Characteristic Configuration descriptor.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_BROADCAST = 0x01,
+
+        /**
+         * Permits reads of the characteristic value.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_READ = 0x02,
+
+        /**
+         * Permits writes of the characteristic value without response.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_WRITE_WITHOUT_RESPONSE = 0x04,
+
+        /**
+         * Permits writes of the characteristic value with response.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_WRITE = 0x08,
+
+        /**
+         * Permits notifications of a characteristic value without acknowledgment.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_NOTIFY = 0x10,
+
+        /**
+         * Permits indications of a characteristic value with acknowledgment.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_INDICATE = 0x20,
+
+        /**
+         * Permits signed writes to the characteristic value.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_AUTHENTICATED_SIGNED_WRITES = 0x40,
+
+        /**
+         * The Characteristic Extended Properties descriptor
+         * defines additional characteristic properties.
+         */
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_EXTENDED_PROPERTIES = 0x80
+
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Value of a Characteristic Presentation Format descriptor.
+     *
+     * Characteristic Presentation Format descriptor expresses the format of a
+     * characteristic value.
+     *
+     * @note See Bluetooth Specification 4.0 (Vol. 3), Part G, Section 3.3.3.5.
+     */
+    struct PresentationFormat_t {
+        /**
+         * Format of the value.
+         */
+        uint8_t gatt_format;
+
+        /**
+         * Exponent for integer data types.
+         *
+         * Example: if Exponent = -3 and the char value is 3892, the actual
+         * value is 3.892
+         */
+        int8_t exponent;
+
+        /**
+         * Unit of the characteristic value.
+         *
+         * It is a UUID from Bluetooth Assigned Numbers.
+         */
+        uint16_t gatt_unit;
+
+        /**
+         * Namespace of the description field.
+         *
+         * This field identifies the organization that is responsible for
+         * defining the enumerations for the description field.
+         *
+         * The namespace of the Bluetooth Body is 0x01.
+         */
+        uint8_t gatt_namespace;
+
+        /**
+         * Description.
+         *
+         * @note The value 0x0000 means unknown in the Bluetooth namespace.
+         */
+        uint16_t gatt_nsdesc;
+
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @brief  Constructs a new GattCharacteristic.
+     *
+     * @param[in] uuid The UUID of this characteristic.
+     * @param[in] valuePtr Memory buffer holding the initial value. The value is
+     * copied into the Bluetooth subsytem when the enclosing service is added.
+     * Thereafter, the stack maintains it internally.
+     * @param[in] len The length in bytes of this characteristic's value.
+     * @param[in] maxLen The capacity in bytes of the characteristic value
+     * buffer.
+     * @param[in] props An 8-bit field that contains the characteristic's
+     * properties.
+     * @param[in] descriptors A pointer to an array of descriptors to be included
+     * within this characteristic. The caller owns the memory for the descriptor
+     * array, which must remain valid at least until the enclosing service is
+     * added to the GATT table.
+     * @param[in] numDescriptors The number of descriptors presents in @p
+     * descriptors array.
+     * @param[in] hasVariableLen Flag that indicates if the attribute's value
+     * length can change throughout time.
+     *
+     * @note If valuePtr is NULL, length is equal to 0 and the characteristic
+     * is readable, then that particular characteristic may be considered
+     * optional and dropped while instantiating the service with the underlying
+     * BLE stack.
+     *
+     * @note A Client Characteristic Configuration Descriptor (CCCD) should not
+     * be allocated if either the notify or indicate flag in the @p props bit
+     * field; the underlying BLE stack handles it.
+     *
+     * @important GattCharacteristic registered in a GattServer must remain
+     * valid for the lifetime of the GattServer.
+     */
+    GattCharacteristic(
+        const UUID &uuid,
+        uint8_t *valuePtr = NULL,
+        uint16_t len = 0,
+        uint16_t maxLen = 0,
+        uint8_t props = BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_NONE,
+        GattAttribute *descriptors[] = NULL,
+        unsigned numDescriptors = 0,
+        bool hasVariableLen = true
+    ) : _valueAttribute(uuid, valuePtr, len, maxLen, hasVariableLen),
+        _properties(props),
+        _requiredSecurity(SecurityManager::SECURITY_MODE_ENCRYPTION_OPEN_LINK),
+        _descriptors(descriptors),
+        _descriptorCount(numDescriptors),
+        enabledReadAuthorization(false),
+        enabledWriteAuthorization(false),
+        readAuthorizationCallback(),
+        writeAuthorizationCallback() {
+    }
+
+public:
+    /**
+     * Set up the minimum security (mode and level) requirements for access to
+     * the characteristic's value attribute.
+     *
+     * @param[in] securityMode Can be one of encryption or signing, with or
+     * without protection for man in the middle attacks (MITM).
+     */
+    void requireSecurity(SecurityManager::SecurityMode_t securityMode)
+    {
+        _requiredSecurity = securityMode;
+    }
+
+public:
+    /**
+     * Register a callback handling client's write requests or commands.
+     *
+     * The callback registered is invoked when the client attempts to write the
+     * characteristic value; the event handler can accept or reject the write
+     * request with the appropriate error code.
+     *
+     * @param[in] callback Event handler being registered.
+     */
+    void setWriteAuthorizationCallback(
+        void (*callback)(GattWriteAuthCallbackParams *)
+    ) {
+        writeAuthorizationCallback.attach(callback);
+        enabledWriteAuthorization = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a callback handling client's write requests or commands.
+     *
+     * The callback registered is invoked when the client attempts to write the
+     * characteristic value; the event handler can accept or reject the write
+     * request with the appropriate error code.
+     *
+     * @param[in] object Pointer to the object of a class defining the event
+     * handler (@p member). It must remain valid for the lifetime of the
+     * GattCharacteristic.
+     * @param[in] member The member function that handles the write event.
+     */
+    template <typename T>
+    void setWriteAuthorizationCallback(
+        T *object,
+        void (T::*member)(GattWriteAuthCallbackParams *)
+    ) {
+        writeAuthorizationCallback.attach(object, member);
+        enabledWriteAuthorization = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register the read requests event handler.
+     *
+     * The callback registered is invoked when the client attempts to read the
+     * characteristic value; the event handler can accept or reject the read
+     * request with the appropriate error code. It can also set specific outgoing
+     * data.
+     *
+     * @param[in] callback Event handler being registered.
+     */
+    void setReadAuthorizationCallback(
+        void (*callback)(GattReadAuthCallbackParams *)
+    ) {
+        readAuthorizationCallback.attach(callback);
+        enabledReadAuthorization = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register the read requests event handler.
+     *
+     * The callback registered is invoked when the client attempts to read the
+     * characteristic value; the event handler can accept or reject the read
+     * request with the appropriate error code. It can also set specific outgoing
+     * data.
+     *
+     * @param[in] object Pointer to the object of a class defining the event
+     * handler (@p member). It must remain valid for the lifetime of the
+     * GattCharacteristic.
+     * @param[in] member The member function that handles the read event.
+     */
+    template <typename T>
+    void setReadAuthorizationCallback(
+        T *object,
+        void (T::*member)(GattReadAuthCallbackParams *)
+    ) {
+        readAuthorizationCallback.attach(object, member);
+        enabledReadAuthorization = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoke the write authorization callback.
+     *
+     * This function is a helper that calls the registered write handler to
+     * determine the authorization reply for a write request.
+     *
+     * @important This function is not meant to be called by user code.
+     *
+     * @param[in] params Context of the write-auth request; it contains an
+     * out-parameter used as a reply.
+     *
+     * @return A GattAuthCallbackReply_t value indicating whether authorization
+     * is granted.
+     */
+    GattAuthCallbackReply_t authorizeWrite(GattWriteAuthCallbackParams *params)
+    {
+        if (!isWriteAuthorizationEnabled()) {
+            return AUTH_CALLBACK_REPLY_SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        /* Initialized to no-error by default. */
+        params->authorizationReply = AUTH_CALLBACK_REPLY_SUCCESS;
+        writeAuthorizationCallback.call(params);
+        return params->authorizationReply;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoke the read authorization callback.
+     *
+     * This function is a helper that calls the registered read handler to
+     * determine the authorization reply for a read request.
+     *
+     * @important This function is not meant to be called by user code.
+     *
+     * @param[in] params Context of the read-auth request; it contains an
+     * out-parameter used as a reply and the handler can fill it with outgoing
+     * data.
+     *
+     * @return A GattAuthCallbackReply_t value indicating whether authorization
+     * is granted.
+     *
+     * @note If the read request is approved and params->data remains NULL, then
+     * the current characteristic value is used in the read response payload.
+     *
+     * @note If the read is approved, the event handler can specify an outgoing
+     * value directly with the help of the fields
+     * GattReadAuthCallbackParams::data and GattReadAuthCallbackParams::len.
+     */
+    GattAuthCallbackReply_t authorizeRead(GattReadAuthCallbackParams *params)
+    {
+        if (!isReadAuthorizationEnabled()) {
+            return AUTH_CALLBACK_REPLY_SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        /* Initialized to no-error by default. */
+        params->authorizationReply = AUTH_CALLBACK_REPLY_SUCCESS;
+        readAuthorizationCallback.call(params);
+        return params->authorizationReply;
+    }
+
+public:
+    /**
+     * Get the characteristic's value attribute.
+     *
+     * @return A reference to the characteristic's value attribute.
+     */
+    GattAttribute& getValueAttribute()
+    {
+        return _valueAttribute;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the characteristic's value attribute.
+     *
+     * @return A const reference to the characteristic's value attribute.
+     */
+    const GattAttribute& getValueAttribute() const
+    {
+        return _valueAttribute;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the characteristic's value attribute handle in the ATT table.
+     *
+     * @return The value attribute handle.
+     *
+     * @note The underlying BLE stack assigns the attribute handle when the
+     * enclosing service is added.
+     */
+    GattAttribute::Handle_t getValueHandle(void) const
+    {
+        return getValueAttribute().getHandle();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the characteristic's properties.
+     *
+     * @note Refer to GattCharacteristic::Properties_t.
+     *
+     * @return The characteristic's properties.
+     */
+    uint8_t getProperties(void) const
+    {
+        return _properties;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the characteristic's required security.
+     *
+     * @return The characteristic's required security.
+     */
+    SecurityManager::SecurityMode_t getRequiredSecurity() const
+    {
+        return _requiredSecurity;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the total number of descriptors within this characteristic.
+     *
+     * @return The total number of descriptors.
+     */
+    uint8_t getDescriptorCount(void) const
+    {
+        return _descriptorCount;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether read authorization is enabled.
+     *
+     * Read authorization is enabled when a read authorization event handler is
+     * set up.
+     *
+     * @return true if read authorization is enabled and false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isReadAuthorizationEnabled() const
+    {
+        return enabledReadAuthorization;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether write authorization is enabled.
+     *
+     * Write authorization is enabled when a write authorization event handler is
+     * set up.
+     *
+     * @return true if write authorization is enabled, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isWriteAuthorizationEnabled() const
+    {
+        return enabledWriteAuthorization;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get this characteristic's descriptor at a specific index.
+     *
+     * @param[in] index The index of the descriptor to get.
+     *
+     * @return A pointer the requested descriptor if @p index is within the
+     * range of the descriptor array or NULL otherwise.
+     */
+    GattAttribute *getDescriptor(uint8_t index)
+    {
+        if (index = _descriptorCount) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return _descriptors[index];
+    }
+
+private:
+    /**
+     * Attribute that contains the actual value of this characteristic.
+     */
+    GattAttribute _valueAttribute;
+
+    /**
+     * The characteristic's properties. Refer to
+     * GattCharacteristic::Properties_t.
+     */
+    uint8_t _properties;
+
+    /**
+     * The characteristic's required security.
+     */
+    SecurityManager::SecurityMode_t _requiredSecurity;
+
+    /**
+     * The characteristic's descriptor attributes.
+     */
+    GattAttribute **_descriptors;
+
+    /**
+     * The number of descriptors in this characteristic.
+     */
+    uint8_t _descriptorCount;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether read authorization is enabled.
+     */
+    bool enabledReadAuthorization;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether write authorization is enabled.
+     */
+    bool enabledWriteAuthorization;
+
+    /**
+     * The registered callback handler for read authorization reply.
+     */
+    FunctionPointerWithContext<GattReadAuthCallbackParams *>
+        readAuthorizationCallback;
+
+    /**
+     * The registered callback handler for write authorization reply.
+     */
+    FunctionPointerWithContext<GattWriteAuthCallbackParams *>
+        writeAuthorizationCallback;
+
+private:
+    /* Disallow copy and assignment. */
+    GattCharacteristic(const GattCharacteristic &);
+    GattCharacteristic& operator=(const GattCharacteristic &);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Helper class that represents a read only GattCharacteristic.
+ */
+template <typename T>
+class ReadOnlyGattCharacteristic : public GattCharacteristic {
+public:
+    /**
+     * Construct a ReadOnlyGattCharacteristic.
+     *
+     * @param[in] uuid The characteristic's UUID.
+     * @param[in] valuePtr Pointer to the characteristic's initial value. The
+     * pointer is reinterpreted as a pointer to an uint8_t buffer.
+     * @param[in] additionalProperties Additional characteristic properties. By
+     * default, the properties are set to
+     * Properties_t::BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_READ.
+     * @param[in] descriptors An array of pointers to descriptors to be added
+     * to the new characteristic.
+     * @param[in] numDescriptors The total number of descriptors in @p
+     * descriptors.
+     *
+     * @note Instances of ReadOnlyGattCharacteristic have a fixed length
+     * attribute value that equals sizeof(T). For a variable length alternative,
+     * use GattCharacteristic directly.
+     */
+    ReadOnlyGattCharacteristic<T>(
+        const UUID &uuid,
+        T *valuePtr,
+        uint8_t additionalProperties = BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_NONE,
+        GattAttribute *descriptors[] = NULL,
+        unsigned numDescriptors = 0
+    ) : GattCharacteristic(
+        uuid,
+        reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(valuePtr),
+        sizeof(T),
+        sizeof(T),
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_READ | additionalProperties,
+        descriptors,
+        numDescriptors,
+        false
+    ) {
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Helper class that represents a write only GattCharacteristic.
+ */
+template <typename T>
+class WriteOnlyGattCharacteristic : public GattCharacteristic {
+public:
+    /**
+     * Construct a WriteOnlyGattCharacteristic.
+     *
+     * @param[in] uuid The characteristic's UUID.
+     * @param[in] valuePtr Pointer to the characteristic's initial value. The
+     * pointer is reinterpreted as a pointer to an uint8_t buffer.
+     * @param[in] additionalProperties Additional characteristic properties. By
+     * default, the properties are set to
+     * Properties_t::BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_WRITE.
+     * @param[in] descriptors An array of pointers to descriptors to be added to
+     * the new characteristic.
+     * @param[in] numDescriptors The total number of descriptors in @p
+     * descriptors.
+     *
+     * @note Instances of WriteOnlyGattCharacteristic have variable length
+     * attribute value with maximum size equal to sizeof(T). For a fixed length
+     * alternative, use GattCharacteristic directly.
+     */
+    WriteOnlyGattCharacteristic<T>(
+        const UUID &uuid,
+        T *valuePtr,
+        uint8_t additionalProperties = BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_NONE,
+        GattAttribute *descriptors[] = NULL,
+        unsigned numDescriptors = 0
+    ) : GattCharacteristic(
+        uuid,
+        reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(valuePtr),
+        sizeof(T),
+        sizeof(T),
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_WRITE | additionalProperties,
+        descriptors,
+        numDescriptors
+    ) {
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Helper class that represents a readable and writable GattCharacteristic.
+ */
+template <typename T>
+class ReadWriteGattCharacteristic : public GattCharacteristic {
+public:
+    /**
+     * Construct a ReadWriteGattCharacteristic.
+     *
+     * @param[in] uuid The characteristic's UUID.
+     * @param[in] valuePtr Pointer to the characteristic's initial value. The
+     * pointer is reinterpreted as a pointer to an uint8_t buffer.
+     * @param[in] additionalProperties Additional characteristic properties. By
+     * default, the properties are set to
+     * Properties_t::BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_WRITE and
+     * Properties_t::BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_READ.
+     * @param[in] descriptors An array of pointers to descriptors to be added to
+     * the new characteristic.
+     * @param[in] numDescriptors The total number of descriptors in @p descriptors.
+     *
+     * @note Instances of ReadWriteGattCharacteristic have variable length
+     * attribute value with maximum size equal to sizeof(T). For a fixed length
+     * alternative, use GattCharacteristic directly.
+     */
+    ReadWriteGattCharacteristic<T>(
+        const UUID &uuid,
+        T *valuePtr,
+        uint8_t additionalProperties = BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_NONE,
+        GattAttribute *descriptors[] = NULL,
+        unsigned numDescriptors = 0
+    ) : GattCharacteristic(
+        uuid,
+        reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(valuePtr),
+        sizeof(T),
+        sizeof(T),
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_READ | BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_WRITE | additionalProperties,
+        descriptors,
+        numDescriptors
+    ) {
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Helper class that represents a write-only GattCharacteristic with an array
+ * value.
+ */
+template <typename T, unsigned NUM_ELEMENTS>
+class WriteOnlyArrayGattCharacteristic : public GattCharacteristic {
+public:
+    /**
+     * Construct a WriteOnlyGattCharacteristic.
+     *
+     * @param[in] uuid The characteristic's UUID.
+     * @param[in] valuePtr Pointer to an array of length NUM_ELEMENTS containing
+     * the characteristic's initial value. The pointer is reinterpreted as a
+     * pointer to an uint8_t buffer.
+     * @param[in] additionalProperties Additional characteristic properties. By
+     * default, the properties are set to
+     * Properties_t::BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_WRITE.
+     * @param[in] descriptors An array of pointers to descriptors to be added to
+     * the new characteristic.
+     * @param[in] numDescriptors The total number of descriptors in @p descriptors.
+     *
+     * @note Instances of WriteOnlyGattCharacteristic have variable length
+     * attribute value with maximum size equal to sizeof(T) * NUM_ELEMENTS.
+     * For a fixed length alternative, use GattCharacteristic directly.
+     */
+    WriteOnlyArrayGattCharacteristic<T, NUM_ELEMENTS>(
+        const UUID &uuid,
+        T valuePtr[NUM_ELEMENTS],
+        uint8_t additionalProperties = BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_NONE,
+        GattAttribute *descriptors[] = NULL,
+        unsigned numDescriptors = 0
+    ) : GattCharacteristic(
+        uuid,
+        reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(valuePtr),
+        sizeof(T) * NUM_ELEMENTS,
+        sizeof(T) * NUM_ELEMENTS,
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_WRITE | additionalProperties,
+        descriptors,
+        numDescriptors
+    ) {
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Helper class that represents a read-only GattCharacteristic with an array
+ * value.
+ */
+template <typename T, unsigned NUM_ELEMENTS>
+class ReadOnlyArrayGattCharacteristic : public GattCharacteristic {
+public:
+    /**
+     * Construct a ReadOnlyGattCharacteristic.
+     *
+     * @param[in] uuid The characteristic's UUID.
+     * @param[in] valuePtr Pointer to an array of length NUM_ELEMENTS containing
+     * the characteristic's initial value. The pointer is reinterpreted as a
+     * pointer to an uint8_t buffer.
+     * @param[in] additionalProperties Additional characteristic properties. By
+     * default, the properties are set to
+     * Properties_t::BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_READ.
+     * @param[in] descriptors An array of pointers to descriptors to be added to
+     * the new characteristic.
+     * @param[in] numDescriptors The total number of descriptors in @p
+     * descriptors.
+     *
+     * @note Instances of ReadOnlyGattCharacteristic have fixed length
+     * attribute value that equals sizeof(T) * NUM_ELEMENTS. For a variable
+     * length alternative, use GattCharacteristic directly.
+     */
+    ReadOnlyArrayGattCharacteristic<T, NUM_ELEMENTS>(
+        const UUID    &uuid,
+        T valuePtr[NUM_ELEMENTS],
+        uint8_t additionalProperties = BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_NONE,
+        GattAttribute *descriptors[] = NULL,
+        unsigned numDescriptors = 0
+    ) : GattCharacteristic(
+        uuid,
+        reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(valuePtr),
+        sizeof(T) * NUM_ELEMENTS,
+        sizeof(T) * NUM_ELEMENTS,
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_READ | additionalProperties,
+        descriptors,
+        numDescriptors,
+        false
+    ) {
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Helper class that represents a readable and writable GattCharacteristic with
+ * an array value.
+ */
+template <typename T, unsigned NUM_ELEMENTS>
+class ReadWriteArrayGattCharacteristic : public GattCharacteristic {
+public:
+    /**
+     * Construct a ReadWriteGattCharacteristic.
+     *
+     * @param[in] uuid The characteristic's UUID.
+     * @param[in] valuePtr Pointer to an array of length NUM_ELEMENTS containing
+     * the characteristic's initial value. The pointer is reinterpreted as a
+     * pointer to an uint8_t buffer.
+     * @param[in] additionalProperties Additional characteristic properties. By
+     * default, the properties are set to
+     * Properties_t::BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_WRITE |
+     * Properties_t::BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_READ.
+     * @param[in] descriptors An array of pointers to descriptors to be added to
+     * the new characteristic.
+     * @param[in] numDescriptors The total number of descriptors in @p descriptors.
+     *
+     * @note Instances of ReadWriteGattCharacteristic have variable length
+     * attribute value with maximum size equal to sizeof(T) * NUM_ELEMENTS.
+     * For a fixed length alternative, use GattCharacteristic directly.
+     */
+    ReadWriteArrayGattCharacteristic<T, NUM_ELEMENTS>(
+        const UUID    &uuid,
+        T valuePtr[NUM_ELEMENTS],
+        uint8_t additionalProperties = BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_NONE,
+        GattAttribute *descriptors[] = NULL,
+        unsigned numDescriptors = 0
+    ) : GattCharacteristic(
+        uuid,
+        reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(valuePtr),
+        sizeof(T) * NUM_ELEMENTS,
+        sizeof(T) * NUM_ELEMENTS,
+        BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_READ | BLE_GATT_CHAR_PROPERTIES_WRITE | additionalProperties,
+        descriptors,
+        numDescriptors
+    ) {
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @}
+ * @}
+ * @}
+ */
+
+#endif /* ifndef __GATT_CHARACTERISTIC_H__ */