USB device stack, with KL25Z fixes for USB 3.0 hosts and sleep/resume interrupt handling

Dependents:   frdm_Slider_Keyboard idd_hw2_figlax_PanType idd_hw2_appachu_finger_chording idd_hw3_AngieWangAntonioDeLimaFernandesDanielLim_BladeSymphony ... more

Fork of USBDevice by mbed official

This is an overhauled version of the standard mbed USB device-side driver library, with bug fixes for KL25Z devices. It greatly improves reliability and stability of USB on the KL25Z, especially with devices using multiple endpoints concurrently.

I've had some nagging problems with the base mbed implementation for a long time, manifesting as occasional random disconnects that required rebooting the device. Recently (late 2015), I started implementing a USB device on the KL25Z that used multiple endpoints, and suddenly the nagging, occasional problems turned into frequent and predictable crashes. This forced me to delve into the USB stack and figure out what was really going on. Happily, the frequent crashes made it possible to track down and fix the problems. This new version is working very reliably in my testing - the random disconnects seem completely eradicated, even under very stressful conditions for the device.

Summary

  • Overall stability improvements
  • USB 3.0 host support
  • Stalled endpoint fixes
  • Sleep/resume notifications
  • Smaller memory footprint
  • General code cleanup

Update - 2/15/2016

My recent fixes introduced a new problem that made the initial connection fail most of the time on certain hosts. It's not clear if the common thread was a particular type of motherboard or USB chip set, or a specific version of Windows, or what, but several people ran into it. We tracked the problem down to the "stall" fixes in the earlier updates, which we now know weren't quite the right fixes after all. The latest update (2/15/2016) fixes this. It has new and improved "unstall" handling that so far works well with diverse hosts.

Race conditions and overall stability

The base mbed KL25Z implementation has a lot of problems with "race conditions" - timing problems that can happen when hardware interrupts occur at inopportune moments. The library shares a bunch of static variable data between interrupt handler context and regular application context. This isn't automatically a bad thing, but it does require careful coordination to make sure that the interrupt handler doesn't corrupt data that the other code was in the middle of updating when an interrupt occurs. The base mbed code, though, doesn't do any of the necessary coordination. This makes it kind of amazing that the base code worked at all for anyone, but I guess the interrupt rate is low enough in most applications that the glitch rate was below anyone's threshold to seriously investigate.

This overhaul adds the necessary coordination for the interrupt handlers to protect against these data corruptions. I think it's very solid now, and hopefully entirely free of the numerous race conditions in the old code. It's always hard to be certain that you've fixed every possible bug like this because they strike (effectively) at random, but I'm pretty confident: my test application was reliably able to trigger glitches in the base code in a matter of minutes, but the same application (with the overhauled library) now runs for days on end without dropping the connection.

Stalled endpoint fixes

USB has a standard way of handling communications errors called a "stall", which basically puts the connection into an error mode to let both sides know that they need to reset their internal states and sync up again. The original mbed version of the USB device library doesn't seem to have the necessary code to recover from this condition properly. The KL25Z hardware does some of the work, but it also seems to require the software to take some steps to "un-stall" the connection. (I keep saying "seems to" because the hardware reference material is very sketchy about all of this. Most of what I've figured out is from observing the device in action with a Windows host.) This new version adds code to do the necessary re-syncing and get the connection going again, automatically, and transparently to the user.

USB 3.0 Hosts

The original mbed code sometimes didn't work when connecting to hosts with USB 3.0 ports. This didn't affect every host, but it affected many of them. The common element seemed to be the Intel Haswell chip set on the host, but there may be other chip sets affected as well. In any case, the problem affected many PCs from the Windows 7 and 8 generation, as well as many Macs. It was possible to work around the problem by avoiding USB 3.0 ports - you could use a USB 2 port on the host, or plug a USB 2 hub between the host and device. But I wanted to just fix the problem and eliminate the need for such workarounds. This modified version of the library has such a fix, which so far has worked for everyone who's tried.

Sleep/resume notifications

This modified version also contains an innocuous change to the KL25Z USB HAL code to handle sleep and resume interrupts with calls to suspendStateChanged(). The original KL25Z code omitted these calls (and in fact didn't even enable the interrupts), but I think this was an unintentional oversight - the notifier function is part of the generic API, and other supported boards all implement it. I use this feature in my own application so that I can distinguish sleep mode from actual disconnects and handle the two conditions correctly.

Smaller memory footprint

The base mbed version of the code allocates twice as much memory for USB buffers as it really needed to. It looks like the original developers intended to implement the KL25Z USB hardware's built-in double-buffering mechanism, but they ultimately abandoned that effort. But they left in the double memory allocation. This version removes that and allocates only what's actually needed. The USB buffers aren't that big (128 bytes per endpoint), so this doesn't save a ton of memory, but even a little memory is pretty precious on this machine given that it only has 16K.

(I did look into adding the double-buffering support that the original developers abandoned, but after some experimentation I decided they were right to skip it. It just doesn't seem to mesh well with the design of the rest of the mbed USB code. I think it would take a major rewrite to make it work, and it doesn't seem worth the effort given that most applications don't need it - it would only benefit applications that are moving so much data through USB that they're pushing the limits of the CPU. And even for those, I think it would be a lot simpler to build a purely software-based buffer rotation mechanism.)

General code cleanup

The KL25Z HAL code in this version has greatly expanded commentary and a lot of general cleanup. Some of the hardware constants were given the wrong symbolic names (e.g., EVEN and ODD were reversed), and many were just missing (written as hard-coded numbers without explanation). I fixed the misnomers and added symbolic names for formerly anonymous numbers. Hopefully the next person who has to overhaul this code will at least have an easier time understanding what I thought I was doing!

USBAudio/USBAudio.cpp

Committer:
mjr
Date:
2017-03-17
Revision:
54:2e181d51495a
Parent:
49:03527ce6840e

File content as of revision 54:2e181d51495a:

/* Copyright (c) 2010-2011 mbed.org, MIT License
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software
* and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
* restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
* Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
* substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
* BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
* NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
* DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*/

#include "stdint.h"
#include "USBAudio.h"
#include "USBAudio_Types.h"



USBAudio::USBAudio(uint32_t frequency_in, uint8_t channel_nb_in, uint32_t frequency_out, uint8_t channel_nb_out, uint16_t vendor_id, uint16_t product_id, uint16_t product_release): USBDevice(vendor_id, product_id, product_release) {
    mute = 0;
    volCur = 0x0080;
    volMin = 0x0000;
    volMax = 0x0100;
    volRes = 0x0004;
    available = false;

    FREQ_IN = frequency_in;
    FREQ_OUT = frequency_out;

    this->channel_nb_in = channel_nb_in;
    this->channel_nb_out = channel_nb_out;

    // stereo -> *2, mono -> *1
    PACKET_SIZE_ISO_IN = (FREQ_IN / 500) * channel_nb_in;
    PACKET_SIZE_ISO_OUT = (FREQ_OUT / 500) * channel_nb_out;

    // STEREO -> left and right
    channel_config_in = (channel_nb_in == 1) ? CHANNEL_M : CHANNEL_L + CHANNEL_R;
    channel_config_out = (channel_nb_out == 1) ? CHANNEL_M : CHANNEL_L + CHANNEL_R;

    SOF_handler = false;

    buf_stream_out = NULL;
    buf_stream_in = NULL;

    interruptOUT = false;
    writeIN = false;
    interruptIN = false;
    available = false;

    volume = 0;

    // connect the device
    USBDevice::connect();
}

bool USBAudio::read(uint8_t * buf) {
    buf_stream_in = buf;
    SOF_handler = false;
    while (!available || !SOF_handler);
    available = false;
    return true;
}

bool USBAudio::readNB(uint8_t * buf) {
    buf_stream_in = buf;
    SOF_handler = false;
    while (!SOF_handler);
    if (available) {
        available = false;
        buf_stream_in = NULL;
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}

bool USBAudio::readWrite(uint8_t * buf_read, uint8_t * buf_write) {
    buf_stream_in = buf_read;
    SOF_handler = false;
    writeIN = false;
    if (interruptIN) {
        USBDevice::writeNB(EP3IN, buf_write, PACKET_SIZE_ISO_OUT, PACKET_SIZE_ISO_OUT);
    } else {
        buf_stream_out = buf_write;
    }
    while (!available);
    if (interruptIN) {
        while (!writeIN);
    }
    while (!SOF_handler);
    return true;
}


bool USBAudio::write(uint8_t * buf) {
    writeIN = false;
    SOF_handler = false;
    if (interruptIN) {
        USBDevice::writeNB(EP3IN, buf, PACKET_SIZE_ISO_OUT, PACKET_SIZE_ISO_OUT);
    } else {
        buf_stream_out = buf;
    }
    while (!SOF_handler);
    if (interruptIN) {
        while (!writeIN);
    }
    return true;
}


float USBAudio::getVolume() {
    return (mute) ? 0.0 : volume;
}


bool USBAudio::EP3_OUT_callback() {
    uint32_t size = 0;
    interruptOUT = true;
    if (buf_stream_in != NULL) {
        readEP(EP3OUT, (uint8_t *)buf_stream_in, &size, PACKET_SIZE_ISO_IN);
        available = true;
        buf_stream_in = NULL;
    }
    readStart(EP3OUT, PACKET_SIZE_ISO_IN);
    return false;
}


bool USBAudio::EP3_IN_callback() {
    interruptIN = true;
    writeIN = true;
    return true;
}



// Called in ISR context on each start of frame
void USBAudio::SOF(int frameNumber) {
    uint32_t size = 0;

    if (!interruptOUT) {
        // read the isochronous endpoint
        if (buf_stream_in != NULL) {
            if (USBDevice::readEP_NB(EP3OUT, (uint8_t *)buf_stream_in, &size, PACKET_SIZE_ISO_IN)) {
                if (size) {
                    available = true;
                    readStart(EP3OUT, PACKET_SIZE_ISO_IN);
                    buf_stream_in = NULL;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (!interruptIN) {
        // write if needed
        if (buf_stream_out != NULL) {
            USBDevice::writeNB(EP3IN, (uint8_t *)buf_stream_out, PACKET_SIZE_ISO_OUT, PACKET_SIZE_ISO_OUT);
            buf_stream_out = NULL;
        }
    }

    SOF_handler = true;
}


// Called in ISR context
// Set configuration. Return false if the configuration is not supported.
bool USBAudio::USBCallback_setConfiguration(uint8_t configuration) {
    if (configuration != DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION) {
        return false;
    }

    // Configure isochronous endpoint
    realiseEndpoint(EP3OUT, PACKET_SIZE_ISO_IN, ISOCHRONOUS);
    realiseEndpoint(EP3IN, PACKET_SIZE_ISO_OUT, ISOCHRONOUS);

    // activate readings on this endpoint
    readStart(EP3OUT, PACKET_SIZE_ISO_IN);
    return true;
}


// Called in ISR context
// Set alternate setting. Return false if the alternate setting is not supported
bool USBAudio::USBCallback_setInterface(uint16_t interface, uint8_t alternate) {
    if (interface == 0 && alternate == 0) {
        return true;
    }
    if (interface == 1 && (alternate == 0 || alternate == 1)) {
        return true;
    }
    if (interface == 2 && (alternate == 0 || alternate == 1)) {
        return true;
    }
    return false;
}



// Called in ISR context
// Called by USBDevice on Endpoint0 request
// This is used to handle extensions to standard requests and class specific requests.
// Return true if class handles this request
bool USBAudio::USBCallback_request() {
    bool success = false;
    CONTROL_TRANSFER * transfer = getTransferPtr();

    // Process class-specific requests
    if (transfer->setup.bmRequestType.Type == CLASS_TYPE) {

        // Feature Unit: Interface = 0, ID = 2
        if (transfer->setup.wIndex == 0x0200) {

            // Master Channel
            if ((transfer->setup.wValue & 0xff) == 0) {

                switch (transfer->setup.wValue >> 8) {
                    case MUTE_CONTROL:
                        switch (transfer->setup.bRequest) {
                            case REQUEST_GET_CUR:
                                transfer->remaining = 1;
                                transfer->ptr = &mute;
                                transfer->direction = DEVICE_TO_HOST;
                                success = true;
                                break;

                            case REQUEST_SET_CUR:
                                transfer->remaining = 1;
                                transfer->notify = true;
                                transfer->direction = HOST_TO_DEVICE;
                                success = true;
                                break;
                            default:
                                break;
                        }
                        break;
                    case VOLUME_CONTROL:
                        switch (transfer->setup.bRequest) {
                            case REQUEST_GET_CUR:
                                transfer->remaining = 2;
                                transfer->ptr = (uint8_t *)&volCur;
                                transfer->direction = DEVICE_TO_HOST;
                                success = true;
                                break;
                            case REQUEST_GET_MIN:
                                transfer->remaining = 2;
                                transfer->ptr = (uint8_t *)&volMin;
                                transfer->direction = DEVICE_TO_HOST;
                                success = true;
                                break;
                            case REQUEST_GET_MAX:
                                transfer->remaining = 2;
                                transfer->ptr = (uint8_t *)&volMax;
                                transfer->direction = DEVICE_TO_HOST;
                                success = true;
                                break;
                            case REQUEST_GET_RES:
                                transfer->remaining = 2;
                                transfer->ptr = (uint8_t *)&volRes;
                                transfer->direction = DEVICE_TO_HOST;
                                success = true;
                                break;

                            case REQUEST_SET_CUR:
                                transfer->remaining = 2;
                                transfer->notify = true;
                                transfer->direction = HOST_TO_DEVICE;
                                success = true;
                                break;
                            case REQUEST_SET_MIN:
                                transfer->remaining = 2;
                                transfer->notify = true;
                                transfer->direction = HOST_TO_DEVICE;
                                success = true;
                                break;
                            case REQUEST_SET_MAX:
                                transfer->remaining = 2;
                                transfer->notify = true;
                                transfer->direction = HOST_TO_DEVICE;
                                success = true;
                                break;
                            case REQUEST_SET_RES:
                                transfer->remaining = 2;
                                transfer->notify = true;
                                transfer->direction = HOST_TO_DEVICE;
                                success = true;
                                break;
                        }
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return success;
}


// Called in ISR context when a data OUT stage has been performed
void USBAudio::USBCallback_requestCompleted(uint8_t * buf, uint32_t length) {
    if ((length == 1) || (length == 2)) {
        uint16_t data = (length == 1) ? *buf : *((uint16_t *)buf);
        CONTROL_TRANSFER * transfer = getTransferPtr();
        switch (transfer->setup.wValue >> 8) {
            case MUTE_CONTROL:
                switch (transfer->setup.bRequest) {
                    case REQUEST_SET_CUR:
                        mute = data & 0xff;
                        updateVol.call();
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
                break;
            case VOLUME_CONTROL:
                switch (transfer->setup.bRequest) {
                    case REQUEST_SET_CUR:
                        volCur = data;
                        volume = (float)volCur/(float)volMax;
                        updateVol.call();
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}



#define TOTAL_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH ((1 * CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH) \
                               + (5 * INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH) \
                               + (1 * CONTROL_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH + 1) \
                               + (2 * INPUT_TERMINAL_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH) \
                               + (1 * FEATURE_UNIT_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH) \
                               + (2 * OUTPUT_TERMINAL_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH) \
                               + (2 * STREAMING_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH) \
                               + (2 * FORMAT_TYPE_I_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH) \
                               + (2 * (ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH + 2)) \
                               + (2 * STREAMING_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH) )

#define TOTAL_CONTROL_INTF_LENGTH    (CONTROL_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH + 1 + \
                                      2*INPUT_TERMINAL_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH     + \
                                      FEATURE_UNIT_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH    + \
                                      2*OUTPUT_TERMINAL_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH)

const uint8_t *USBAudio::configurationDesc() {
    static const uint8_t configDescriptor[] = {
        // Configuration 1
        CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,        // bLength
        CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR,               // bDescriptorType
        LSB(TOTAL_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH),           // wTotalLength (LSB)
        MSB(TOTAL_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH),           // wTotalLength (MSB)
        0x03,                                   // bNumInterfaces
        DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION,                  // bConfigurationValue
        0x00,                                   // iConfiguration
        0x80,                                   // bmAttributes
        50,                                     // bMaxPower

        // Interface 0, Alternate Setting 0, Audio Control
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,            // bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR,                   // bDescriptorType
        0x00,                                   // bInterfaceNumber
        0x00,                                   // bAlternateSetting
        0x00,                                   // bNumEndpoints
        AUDIO_CLASS,                            // bInterfaceClass
        SUBCLASS_AUDIOCONTROL,                  // bInterfaceSubClass
        0x00,                                   // bInterfaceProtocol
        0x00,                                   // iInterface


        // Audio Control Interface
        CONTROL_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH + 1,// bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,              // bDescriptorType
        CONTROL_HEADER,                         // bDescriptorSubtype
        LSB(0x0100),                            // bcdADC (LSB)
        MSB(0x0100),                            // bcdADC (MSB)
        LSB(TOTAL_CONTROL_INTF_LENGTH),         // wTotalLength
        MSB(TOTAL_CONTROL_INTF_LENGTH),         // wTotalLength
        0x02,                                   // bInCollection
        0x01,                                   // baInterfaceNr
        0x02,                                   // baInterfaceNr

        // Audio Input Terminal (Speaker)
        INPUT_TERMINAL_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,       // bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,              // bDescriptorType
        CONTROL_INPUT_TERMINAL,                 // bDescriptorSubtype
        0x01,                                   // bTerminalID
        LSB(TERMINAL_USB_STREAMING),            // wTerminalType
        MSB(TERMINAL_USB_STREAMING),            // wTerminalType
        0x00,                                   // bAssocTerminal
        channel_nb_in,                          // bNrChannels
        (uint8_t)(LSB(channel_config_in)),                 // wChannelConfig
        (uint8_t)(MSB(channel_config_in)),                 // wChannelConfig
        0x00,                                   // iChannelNames
        0x00,                                   // iTerminal

        // Audio Feature Unit (Speaker)
        FEATURE_UNIT_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,         // bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,              // bDescriptorType
        CONTROL_FEATURE_UNIT,                   // bDescriptorSubtype
        0x02,                                   // bUnitID
        0x01,                                   // bSourceID
        0x01,                                   // bControlSize
        CONTROL_MUTE |
        CONTROL_VOLUME,                         // bmaControls(0)
        0x00,                                   // bmaControls(1)
        0x00,                                   // iTerminal

        // Audio Output Terminal (Speaker)
        OUTPUT_TERMINAL_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,      // bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,              // bDescriptorType
        CONTROL_OUTPUT_TERMINAL,                // bDescriptorSubtype
        0x03,                                   // bTerminalID
        LSB(TERMINAL_SPEAKER),                  // wTerminalType
        MSB(TERMINAL_SPEAKER),                  // wTerminalType
        0x00,                                   // bAssocTerminal
        0x02,                                   // bSourceID
        0x00,                                   // iTerminal


        // Audio Input Terminal (Microphone)
        INPUT_TERMINAL_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,       // bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,              // bDescriptorType
        CONTROL_INPUT_TERMINAL,                 // bDescriptorSubtype
        0x04,                                   // bTerminalID
        LSB(TERMINAL_MICROPHONE),               // wTerminalType
        MSB(TERMINAL_MICROPHONE),               // wTerminalType
        0x00,                                   // bAssocTerminal
        channel_nb_out,                         // bNrChannels
        (uint8_t)(LSB(channel_config_out)),                // wChannelConfig
        (uint8_t)(MSB(channel_config_out)),                // wChannelConfig
        0x00,                                   // iChannelNames
        0x00,                                   // iTerminal

        // Audio Output Terminal (Microphone)
        OUTPUT_TERMINAL_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,      // bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,              // bDescriptorType
        CONTROL_OUTPUT_TERMINAL,                // bDescriptorSubtype
        0x05,                                   // bTerminalID
        LSB(TERMINAL_USB_STREAMING),            // wTerminalType
        MSB(TERMINAL_USB_STREAMING),            // wTerminalType
        0x00,                                   // bAssocTerminal
        0x04,                                   // bSourceID
        0x00,                                   // iTerminal






        // Interface 1, Alternate Setting 0, Audio Streaming - Zero Bandwith
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,            // bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR,                   // bDescriptorType
        0x01,                                   // bInterfaceNumber
        0x00,                                   // bAlternateSetting
        0x00,                                   // bNumEndpoints
        AUDIO_CLASS,                            // bInterfaceClass
        SUBCLASS_AUDIOSTREAMING,                // bInterfaceSubClass
        0x00,                                   // bInterfaceProtocol
        0x00,                                   // iInterface

        // Interface 1, Alternate Setting 1, Audio Streaming - Operational
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,            // bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR,                   // bDescriptorType
        0x01,                                   // bInterfaceNumber
        0x01,                                   // bAlternateSetting
        0x01,                                   // bNumEndpoints
        AUDIO_CLASS,                            // bInterfaceClass
        SUBCLASS_AUDIOSTREAMING,                // bInterfaceSubClass
        0x00,                                   // bInterfaceProtocol
        0x00,                                   // iInterface

        // Audio Streaming Interface
        STREAMING_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,  // bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,              // bDescriptorType
        STREAMING_GENERAL,                      // bDescriptorSubtype
        0x01,                                   // bTerminalLink
        0x00,                                   // bDelay
        LSB(FORMAT_PCM),                        // wFormatTag
        MSB(FORMAT_PCM),                        // wFormatTag

        // Audio Type I Format
        FORMAT_TYPE_I_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,        // bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,              // bDescriptorType
        STREAMING_FORMAT_TYPE,                  // bDescriptorSubtype
        FORMAT_TYPE_I,                          // bFormatType
        channel_nb_in,                          // bNrChannels
        0x02,                                   // bSubFrameSize
        16,                                     // bBitResolution
        0x01,                                   // bSamFreqType
        (uint8_t)(LSB(FREQ_IN)),                           // tSamFreq
        (uint8_t)((FREQ_IN >> 8) & 0xff),                  // tSamFreq
        (uint8_t)((FREQ_IN >> 16) & 0xff),                 // tSamFreq

        // Endpoint - Standard Descriptor
        ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH + 2,         // bLength
        ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR,                    // bDescriptorType
        PHY_TO_DESC(EPISO_OUT),                 // bEndpointAddress
        E_ISOCHRONOUS,                          // bmAttributes
        (uint8_t)(LSB(PACKET_SIZE_ISO_IN)),                   // wMaxPacketSize
        (uint8_t)(MSB(PACKET_SIZE_ISO_IN)),                   // wMaxPacketSize
        0x01,                                   // bInterval
        0x00,                                   // bRefresh
        0x00,                                   // bSynchAddress

        // Endpoint - Audio Streaming
        STREAMING_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,   // bLength
        ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,               // bDescriptorType
        ENDPOINT_GENERAL,                       // bDescriptor
        0x00,                                   // bmAttributes
        0x00,                                   // bLockDelayUnits
        LSB(0x0000),                            // wLockDelay
        MSB(0x0000),                            // wLockDelay







        // Interface 1, Alternate Setting 0, Audio Streaming - Zero Bandwith
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,            // bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR,                   // bDescriptorType
        0x02,                                   // bInterfaceNumber
        0x00,                                   // bAlternateSetting
        0x00,                                   // bNumEndpoints
        AUDIO_CLASS,                            // bInterfaceClass
        SUBCLASS_AUDIOSTREAMING,                // bInterfaceSubClass
        0x00,                                   // bInterfaceProtocol
        0x00,                                   // iInterface

        // Interface 1, Alternate Setting 1, Audio Streaming - Operational
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,            // bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR,                   // bDescriptorType
        0x02,                                   // bInterfaceNumber
        0x01,                                   // bAlternateSetting
        0x01,                                   // bNumEndpoints
        AUDIO_CLASS,                            // bInterfaceClass
        SUBCLASS_AUDIOSTREAMING,                // bInterfaceSubClass
        0x00,                                   // bInterfaceProtocol
        0x00,                                   // iInterface

        // Audio Streaming Interface
        STREAMING_INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,  // bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,              // bDescriptorType
        SUBCLASS_AUDIOCONTROL,                  // bDescriptorSubtype
        0x05,                                   // bTerminalLink (output terminal microphone)
        0x01,                                   // bDelay
        0x01,                                   // wFormatTag
        0x00,                                   // wFormatTag

        // Audio Type I Format
        FORMAT_TYPE_I_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,        // bLength
        INTERFACE_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,              // bDescriptorType
        SUBCLASS_AUDIOSTREAMING,                // bDescriptorSubtype
        FORMAT_TYPE_I,                          // bFormatType
        channel_nb_out,                         // bNrChannels
        0x02,                                   // bSubFrameSize
        0x10,                                   // bBitResolution
        0x01,                                   // bSamFreqType
        (uint8_t)(LSB(FREQ_OUT)),                          // tSamFreq
        (uint8_t)((FREQ_OUT >> 8) & 0xff),                 // tSamFreq
        (uint8_t)((FREQ_OUT >> 16) & 0xff),                // tSamFreq

        // Endpoint - Standard Descriptor
        ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH + 2,         // bLength
        ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR,                    // bDescriptorType
        PHY_TO_DESC(EPISO_IN),                  // bEndpointAddress
        E_ISOCHRONOUS,                          // bmAttributes
        (uint8_t)(LSB(PACKET_SIZE_ISO_OUT)),                   // wMaxPacketSize
        (uint8_t)(MSB(PACKET_SIZE_ISO_OUT)),                   // wMaxPacketSize
        0x01,                                   // bInterval
        0x00,                                   // bRefresh
        0x00,                                   // bSynchAddress

        // Endpoint - Audio Streaming
        STREAMING_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH,   // bLength
        ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE,               // bDescriptorType
        ENDPOINT_GENERAL,                       // bDescriptor
        0x00,                                   // bmAttributes
        0x00,                                   // bLockDelayUnits
        LSB(0x0000),                            // wLockDelay
        MSB(0x0000),                            // wLockDelay

        // Terminator
        0                                       // bLength
    };
    return configDescriptor;
}

const uint8_t *USBAudio::stringIinterfaceDesc() {
    static const uint8_t stringIinterfaceDescriptor[] = {
        0x0c,                           //bLength
        STRING_DESCRIPTOR,              //bDescriptorType 0x03
        'A',0,'u',0,'d',0,'i',0,'o',0   //bString iInterface - Audio
    };
    return stringIinterfaceDescriptor;
}

const uint8_t *USBAudio::stringIproductDesc() {
    static const uint8_t stringIproductDescriptor[] = {
        0x16,                                                       //bLength
        STRING_DESCRIPTOR,                                          //bDescriptorType 0x03
        'M',0,'b',0,'e',0,'d',0,' ',0,'A',0,'u',0,'d',0,'i',0,'o',0 //bString iProduct - Mbed Audio
    };
    return stringIproductDescriptor;
}