testing hex for lorawan communication

Revision:
0:561d07a737bc
Child:
1:3bdd6f917bf5
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/SX1272/SX1272_LoRaRadio.cpp	Thu Nov 12 19:26:24 2020 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,2229 @@
+/**
+ / _____)             _              | |
+( (____  _____ ____ _| |_ _____  ____| |__
+ \____ \| ___ |    (_   _) ___ |/ ___)  _ \
+ _____) ) ____| | | || |_| ____( (___| | | |
+(______/|_____)_|_|_| \__)_____)\____)_| |_|
+    (C)2013 Semtech
+ ___ _____ _   ___ _  _____ ___  ___  ___ ___
+/ __|_   _/_\ / __| |/ / __/ _ \| _ \/ __| __|
+\__ \ | |/ _ \ (__| ' <| _| (_) |   / (__| _|
+|___/ |_/_/ \_\___|_|\_\_| \___/|_|_\\___|___|
+embedded.connectivity.solutions===============
+
+Description: Radio driver for Semtech SX1272 LoRa radio chip. Implements LoRaRadio class.
+
+License: Revised BSD License, see LICENSE.TXT file include in the project
+
+Maintainer: Miguel Luis ( Semtech ), Gregory Cristian ( Semtech ) and Daniel Jaeckle ( STACKFORCE )
+
+
+Copyright (c) 2017, Arm Limited and affiliates.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <math.h> //rint
+#include <string.h>
+#include "mbed.h"
+
+#include "SX1272_LoRaRadio.h"
+#include "sx1272Regs-Fsk.h"
+#include "sx1272Regs-LoRa.h"
+
+#ifdef MBED_SX1272_LORA_RADIO_SPI_FREQUENCY
+#define SPI_FREQUENCY    MBED_SX1272_LORA_RADIO_SPI_FREQUENCY
+#else
+#define SPI_FREQUENCY    8000000
+#endif
+
+// Sync word for Private LoRa networks
+#define LORA_MAC_PRIVATE_SYNCWORD                   0x12
+// Sync word for Public LoRa networks
+#define LORA_MAC_PUBLIC_SYNCWORD                    0x34
+
+// SX1272 definitions
+#define XTAL_FREQ                                   32000000
+#define FREQ_STEP                                   61.03515625
+
+
+
+enum RadioVariant {
+    SX1272UNDEFINED = 0,
+    SX1272MB2XAS,
+    SX1272MB1DCS
+};
+
+/*!
+ * FSK bandwidth definition
+ */
+typedef struct
+{
+    uint32_t bandwidth;
+    uint8_t  register_value;
+} fsk_bw_t;
+
+/*!
+ * Radio registers definition
+ */
+typedef struct
+{
+    modem_type  modem;
+    uint8_t     addr;
+    uint8_t     value;
+} radio_registers_t;
+
+/*!
+ * Constant values need to compute the RSSI value
+ */
+#define RSSI_OFFSET                                 -139
+
+#define RADIO_INIT_REGISTERS_VALUE                \
+{                                                 \
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_LNA                , 0x23 },\
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_RXCONFIG           , 0x1E },\
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_RSSICONFIG         , 0xD2 },\
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_AFCFEI             , 0x01 },\
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_PREAMBLEDETECT     , 0xAA },\
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_OSC                , 0x07 },\
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_SYNCCONFIG         , 0x12 },\
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_SYNCVALUE1         , 0xC1 },\
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_SYNCVALUE2         , 0x94 },\
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_SYNCVALUE3         , 0xC1 },\
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_PACKETCONFIG1      , 0xD8 },\
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_FIFOTHRESH         , 0x8F },\
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_IMAGECAL           , 0x02 },\
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_DIOMAPPING1        , 0x00 },\
+    { MODEM_FSK , REG_DIOMAPPING2        , 0x30 },\
+    { MODEM_LORA, REG_LR_DETECTOPTIMIZE  , 0x43 },\
+    { MODEM_LORA, REG_LR_PAYLOADMAXLENGTH, 0x40 },\
+}
+
+const fsk_bw_t fsk_bandwidths[] =
+{
+    { 2600  , 0x17 },
+    { 3100  , 0x0F },
+    { 3900  , 0x07 },
+    { 5200  , 0x16 },
+    { 6300  , 0x0E },
+    { 7800  , 0x06 },
+    { 10400 , 0x15 },
+    { 12500 , 0x0D },
+    { 15600 , 0x05 },
+    { 20800 , 0x14 },
+    { 25000 , 0x0C },
+    { 31300 , 0x04 },
+    { 41700 , 0x13 },
+    { 50000 , 0x0B },
+    { 62500 , 0x03 },
+    { 83333 , 0x12 },
+    { 100000, 0x0A },
+    { 125000, 0x02 },
+    { 166700, 0x11 },
+    { 200000, 0x09 },
+    { 250000, 0x01 },
+    { 300000, 0x00 }, // Invalid bandwidth
+};
+
+/**
+ * SPI read/write masks
+ */
+#define SPI_WRITE_CMD   0x80
+#define SPI_READ_CMD    0x7F
+
+/**
+ * Signals
+ */
+#define SIG_DIO0    0x01
+#define SIG_DIO1    0x02
+#define SIG_DIO2    0x04
+#define SIG_DIO3    0x08
+#define SIG_DIO4    0x10
+#define SIG_DIO5    0x20
+#define SIG_TIMOUT  0x40
+#define SIG_RXSYNC  0x80
+
+/**
+ * Radio hardware registers initialization
+ */
+static const radio_registers_t radio_reg_init[] = RADIO_INIT_REGISTERS_VALUE;
+
+
+/**
+ * Constructor
+ */
+SX1272_LoRaRadio::SX1272_LoRaRadio(PinName spi_mosi,
+                                   PinName spi_miso,
+                                   PinName spi_sclk,
+                                   PinName nss,
+                                   PinName reset,
+                                   PinName dio0,
+                                   PinName dio1,
+                                   PinName dio2,
+                                   PinName dio3,
+                                   PinName dio4,
+                                   PinName dio5,
+                                   PinName rf_switch_ctl1,
+                                   PinName rf_switch_ctl2,
+                                   PinName txctl,
+                                   PinName rxctl,
+                                   PinName antswitch,
+                                   PinName pwr_amp_ctl,
+                                   PinName tcxo)
+    :   _spi(spi_mosi, spi_miso, spi_sclk),
+        _chip_select(nss, 1),
+        _reset_ctl(reset),
+        _dio0_ctl(dio0), _dio1_ctl(dio1), _dio2_ctl(dio2), _dio3_ctl(dio3), _dio4_ctl(dio4), _dio5_ctl(dio5),
+        _rf_switch_ctl1(rf_switch_ctl1, 0), _rf_switch_ctl2(rf_switch_ctl2, 0), _txctl(txctl, 0), _rxctl(rxctl, 0),
+        _ant_switch(antswitch, PIN_INPUT, PullUp, 0),
+        _pwr_amp_ctl(pwr_amp_ctl),
+        _tcxo(tcxo)
+
+#ifdef MBED_CONF_RTOS_PRESENT
+        , irq_thread(osPriorityRealtime, 1024, NULL, "LR-SX1272")
+#endif
+{
+    _rf_ctrls.ant_switch = antswitch;
+    _rf_ctrls.pwr_amp_ctl = pwr_amp_ctl;
+    _rf_ctrls.rf_switch_ctl1 = rf_switch_ctl1;
+    _rf_ctrls.rf_switch_ctl2 = rf_switch_ctl2;
+    _rf_ctrls.rxctl = rxctl;
+    _rf_ctrls.txctl = txctl;
+    
+    _dio1_pin = dio1;
+    _dio4_pin = dio4;
+    _dio5_pin = dio5;
+
+    _radio_events = NULL;
+
+    if (tcxo != NC) {
+        _tcxo = 1;
+    }
+
+    radio_is_active = false;
+    
+    trace_timer.reset();
+    trace_timer.start();
+
+#ifdef MBED_CONF_RTOS_PRESENT
+    irq_thread.start(mbed::callback(this, &SX1272_LoRaRadio::rf_irq_task));
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * Destructor
+ */
+SX1272_LoRaRadio::~SX1272_LoRaRadio()
+{
+
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Public APIs                                                               *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+
+/**
+ * Acquire lock
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::lock(void)
+{
+    mutex.lock();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Release lock
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::unlock(void)
+{
+    mutex.unlock();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initializes radio module
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::init_radio(radio_events_t *events)
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_init_radio);
+    
+    _radio_events = events;
+
+    // Reset the radio transceiver
+    radio_reset();
+
+    // Setup radio variant type
+    set_sx1272_variant_type();
+
+    // setup SPI frequency
+    // default is 8MHz although, configurable through
+    // SPI_FREQUENCY macro
+    setup_spi();
+
+    // set radio mode to sleep
+    set_operation_mode(RF_OPMODE_SLEEP);
+
+    // Setup radio registers to defaults
+    setup_registers();
+
+    // set modem type - defaults to FSK here
+    set_modem(MODEM_FSK);
+
+    // set state to be idle
+    _rf_settings.state = RF_IDLE;
+
+    // Setup interrupts on DIO pins
+    setup_interrupts();
+}
+
+/**
+ * TODO: The purpose of this API is unclear.
+ *       Need to start an internal discussion.
+ */
+bool SX1272_LoRaRadio::check_rf_frequency(uint32_t frequency)
+{
+    // Implement check. Currently all frequencies are supported ? What band ?
+    push_trace(SX1272_check_rf_frequency);
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets up carrier frequency
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::set_channel(uint32_t freq)
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_set_channel);
+    _rf_settings.channel = freq;
+    freq = (uint32_t) ((float) freq / (float) FREQ_STEP);
+    write_to_register(REG_FRFMSB, (uint8_t) ((freq >> 16) & 0xFF));
+    write_to_register(REG_FRFMID, (uint8_t) ((freq >> 8) & 0xFF));
+    write_to_register(REG_FRFLSB, (uint8_t) (freq & 0xFF));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns current status of the radio state machine
+ */
+uint8_t SX1272_LoRaRadio::get_status(void)
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_get_status);
+    return _rf_settings.state;
+}
+
+/**
+ * sets the radio module to sleep
+ */
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::sleep()
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_sleep);
+    
+    // stop timers
+    tx_timeout_timer.detach();
+    rx_sync_timer.detach();
+
+    // put module in sleep mode
+    set_operation_mode(RF_OPMODE_SLEEP);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets up operation mode
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::set_operation_mode(uint8_t mode)
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_set_operation_mode);
+    
+    if (mode == RF_OPMODE_SLEEP) {
+        set_low_power_mode(true);
+    } else {
+        set_low_power_mode(false);
+        set_antenna_switch(mode);
+    }
+
+    write_to_register(REG_OPMODE, (read_register(REG_OPMODE) & RF_OPMODE_MASK) | mode);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets the modem type to use
+ *
+ * At initialization FSK is chosen. Later stack or application
+ * can choose to change.
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::set_modem(uint8_t modem)
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_set_modem);
+    
+    if ((read_register(REG_OPMODE) & RFLR_OPMODE_LONGRANGEMODE_ON) != 0 ) {
+        _rf_settings.modem = MODEM_LORA;
+    } else {
+        _rf_settings.modem = MODEM_FSK;
+    }
+
+    if(_rf_settings.modem == modem ) {
+        // if the modem is already set
+        return;
+    }
+
+    _rf_settings.modem = modem;
+
+    switch(_rf_settings.modem)
+    {
+    default:
+    case MODEM_FSK:
+        // before changing modem mode, put the module to sleep
+        sleep();
+        write_to_register(REG_OPMODE, (read_register(REG_OPMODE) & RFLR_OPMODE_LONGRANGEMODE_MASK)
+                                      | RFLR_OPMODE_LONGRANGEMODE_OFF);
+
+        // Datasheet Tables 28, 29 DIO mapping
+        write_to_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1, 0x00); // sets DIO0-DI03 in default mode
+        write_to_register(REG_DIOMAPPING2, 0x30); // bits 4-5 are turned on i.e.,
+                                                  //  DIO5 and DIO4=ModeReady
+        break;
+    case MODEM_LORA:
+        sleep();
+        write_to_register(REG_OPMODE, (read_register(REG_OPMODE) & RFLR_OPMODE_LONGRANGEMODE_MASK)
+                                      | RFLR_OPMODE_LONGRANGEMODE_ON);
+
+        // Datasheet Tables 17 DIO mapping for LoRa
+        // set to defaults
+        write_to_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1, 0x00); // DIO0 - DIO3 defaults
+        write_to_register(REG_DIOMAPPING2, 0x00); // DIO4 - DIO5 defaults
+
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Can be used by application/stack or the driver itself
+ * Ref: Datasheet 7.2.2 Manual Reset
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::radio_reset()
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_radio_reset);
+    _reset_ctl.output();
+    _reset_ctl = 0;
+    wait_ms(2);
+    _reset_ctl.input();
+    wait_ms(6);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets up receiver related configurations
+ *
+ * Must be called before setting the radio in rx mode
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::set_rx_config(radio_modems_t modem, uint32_t bandwidth,
+                         uint32_t datarate, uint8_t coderate,
+                         uint32_t bandwidth_afc, uint16_t preamble_len,
+                         uint16_t symb_timeout, bool fix_len,
+                         uint8_t payload_len,
+                         bool crc_on, bool freq_hop_on, uint8_t hop_period,
+                         bool iq_inverted, bool rx_continuous)
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_set_rx_config);
+    set_modem(modem);
+
+    switch (modem) {
+        case MODEM_FSK:
+            _rf_settings.fsk.bandwidth = bandwidth;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.datarate = datarate;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.bandwidth_afc = bandwidth_afc;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.fix_len = fix_len;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.payload_len = payload_len;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.crc_on = crc_on;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.iq_inverted = iq_inverted;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.rx_continuous = rx_continuous;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.preamble_len = preamble_len;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.rx_single_timeout = (symb_timeout + 1) / 2; // dividing by 2 as our detector size is 2 symbols (16 bytes)
+
+            datarate = (uint16_t) ((float) XTAL_FREQ / (float) datarate);
+            write_to_register(REG_BITRATEMSB, (uint8_t) (datarate >> 8));
+            write_to_register(REG_BITRATELSB, (uint8_t) (datarate & 0xFF));
+
+            write_to_register(REG_RXBW, get_fsk_bw_reg_val(bandwidth));
+            write_to_register(REG_AFCBW, get_fsk_bw_reg_val(bandwidth_afc));
+
+            write_to_register(REG_PREAMBLEMSB, (uint8_t) ((preamble_len >> 8) & 0xFF));
+            write_to_register(REG_PREAMBLELSB, (uint8_t) (preamble_len & 0xFF));
+
+            if (fix_len == 1) {
+                write_to_register(REG_PAYLOADLENGTH, payload_len);
+            } else {
+                write_to_register(REG_PAYLOADLENGTH, 0xFF); // Set payload length to the maximum
+            }
+
+            write_to_register(REG_PACKETCONFIG1, (read_register(REG_PACKETCONFIG1) & RF_PACKETCONFIG1_CRC_MASK
+                          & RF_PACKETCONFIG1_PACKETFORMAT_MASK)
+                          | ((fix_len == 1) ?
+                                  RF_PACKETCONFIG1_PACKETFORMAT_FIXED :
+                                  RF_PACKETCONFIG1_PACKETFORMAT_VARIABLE)
+                          | (crc_on << 4));
+
+            // TODO why packet mode 2 ?
+            write_to_register(REG_PACKETCONFIG2, (read_register(REG_PACKETCONFIG2) | RF_PACKETCONFIG2_DATAMODE_PACKET));
+
+            break;
+
+        case MODEM_LORA:
+            _rf_settings.lora.bandwidth = bandwidth;
+            _rf_settings.lora.datarate = datarate;
+            _rf_settings.lora.coderate = coderate;
+            _rf_settings.lora.preamble_len = preamble_len;
+            _rf_settings.lora.fix_len = fix_len;
+            _rf_settings.lora.payload_len = payload_len;
+            _rf_settings.lora.crc_on = crc_on;
+            _rf_settings.lora.freq_hop_on = freq_hop_on;
+            _rf_settings.lora.hop_period = hop_period;
+            _rf_settings.lora.iq_inverted = iq_inverted;
+            _rf_settings.lora.rx_continuous = rx_continuous;
+
+            if (datarate > 12) {
+                datarate = 12;
+            } else if (datarate < 6) {
+                datarate = 6;
+            }
+
+            if (((bandwidth == 0) && ((datarate == 11) || (datarate == 12)))
+                    || ((bandwidth == 1) && (datarate == 12))) {
+                _rf_settings.lora.low_datarate_optimize = 0x01;
+            } else {
+                _rf_settings.lora.low_datarate_optimize = 0x00;
+            }
+
+            write_to_register(REG_LR_MODEMCONFIG1, (read_register(REG_LR_MODEMCONFIG1) & RFLR_MODEMCONFIG1_BW_MASK
+                          & RFLR_MODEMCONFIG1_CODINGRATE_MASK
+                          & RFLR_MODEMCONFIG1_IMPLICITHEADER_MASK
+                          & RFLR_MODEMCONFIG1_RXPAYLOADCRC_MASK & RFLR_MODEMCONFIG1_LOWDATARATEOPTIMIZE_MASK)
+                          | (bandwidth << 6)
+                          | (coderate << 3) | (fix_len << 2) | (crc_on << 1)
+                          | _rf_settings.lora.low_datarate_optimize);
+
+            write_to_register(REG_LR_MODEMCONFIG2, (read_register(REG_LR_MODEMCONFIG2) & RFLR_MODEMCONFIG2_SF_MASK
+                          & RFLR_MODEMCONFIG2_SYMBTIMEOUTMSB_MASK)
+                          | (datarate << 4)
+                          | ((symb_timeout >> 8)
+                          & ~RFLR_MODEMCONFIG2_SYMBTIMEOUTMSB_MASK));
+
+            write_to_register(REG_LR_SYMBTIMEOUTLSB, (uint8_t) (symb_timeout & 0xFF));
+
+            write_to_register(REG_LR_PREAMBLEMSB, (uint8_t) ((preamble_len >> 8) & 0xFF));
+            write_to_register(REG_LR_PREAMBLELSB, (uint8_t) (preamble_len & 0xFF));
+
+            if (fix_len == 1) {
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_PAYLOADLENGTH, payload_len);
+            }
+
+            if (_rf_settings.lora.freq_hop_on == true) {
+                write_to_register( REG_LR_PLLHOP, (read_register(REG_LR_PLLHOP) & RFLR_PLLHOP_FASTHOP_MASK)
+                          | RFLR_PLLHOP_FASTHOP_ON);
+                write_to_register( REG_LR_HOPPERIOD, _rf_settings.lora.hop_period);
+            }
+
+            if (datarate == 6) {
+                write_to_register( REG_LR_DETECTOPTIMIZE, (read_register(REG_LR_DETECTOPTIMIZE) & RFLR_DETECTIONOPTIMIZE_MASK)
+                              | RFLR_DETECTIONOPTIMIZE_SF6);
+                write_to_register( REG_LR_DETECTIONTHRESHOLD, RFLR_DETECTIONTHRESH_SF6);
+            } else {
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_DETECTOPTIMIZE, (read_register(REG_LR_DETECTOPTIMIZE) & RFLR_DETECTIONOPTIMIZE_MASK)
+                              | RFLR_DETECTIONOPTIMIZE_SF7_TO_SF12);
+                write_to_register( REG_LR_DETECTIONTHRESHOLD, RFLR_DETECTIONTHRESH_SF7_TO_SF12);
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets up transmitter related configuration
+ *
+ * Must be called before putting the radio module in Tx mode or trying
+ * to send
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::set_tx_config(radio_modems_t modem, int8_t power,
+                                     uint32_t fdev, uint32_t bandwidth,
+                                     uint32_t datarate, uint8_t coderate,
+                                     uint16_t preamble_len, bool fix_len,
+                                     bool crc_on, bool freq_hop_on,
+                                     uint8_t hop_period, bool iq_inverted,
+                                     uint32_t timeout)
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_set_tx_config);
+    set_modem(modem);
+    set_rf_tx_power(power);
+
+    switch (modem) {
+        case MODEM_FSK:
+            _rf_settings.fsk.power = power;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.f_dev = fdev;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.bandwidth = bandwidth;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.datarate = datarate;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.preamble_len = preamble_len;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.fix_len = fix_len;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.crc_on = crc_on;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.iq_inverted = iq_inverted;
+            _rf_settings.fsk.tx_timeout = timeout;
+
+            fdev = (uint16_t) ((float) fdev / (float) FREQ_STEP);
+            write_to_register( REG_FDEVMSB, (uint8_t) (fdev >> 8));
+            write_to_register( REG_FDEVLSB, (uint8_t) (fdev & 0xFF));
+
+            datarate = (uint16_t) ((float) XTAL_FREQ / (float) datarate);
+            write_to_register( REG_BITRATEMSB, (uint8_t) (datarate >> 8));
+            write_to_register( REG_BITRATELSB, (uint8_t) (datarate & 0xFF));
+
+            write_to_register( REG_PREAMBLEMSB, (preamble_len >> 8) & 0x00FF);
+            write_to_register( REG_PREAMBLELSB, preamble_len & 0xFF);
+
+
+            write_to_register(REG_PACKETCONFIG1, (read_register(REG_PACKETCONFIG1)
+                              & RF_PACKETCONFIG1_CRC_MASK
+                              & RF_PACKETCONFIG1_PACKETFORMAT_MASK)
+                              | ((fix_len == 1) ?
+                              RF_PACKETCONFIG1_PACKETFORMAT_FIXED :
+                              RF_PACKETCONFIG1_PACKETFORMAT_VARIABLE)
+                              | (crc_on << 4));
+
+            //cfg_mode = read_register(REG_PACKETCONFIG2);
+            write_to_register(REG_PACKETCONFIG2, read_register(REG_PACKETCONFIG2)
+                             | RF_PACKETCONFIG2_DATAMODE_PACKET);
+
+            break;
+
+        case MODEM_LORA:
+            _rf_settings.lora.power = power;
+            _rf_settings.lora.bandwidth = bandwidth;
+            _rf_settings.lora.datarate = datarate;
+            _rf_settings.lora.coderate = coderate;
+            _rf_settings.lora.preamble_len = preamble_len;
+            _rf_settings.lora.fix_len = fix_len;
+            _rf_settings.lora.freq_hop_on = freq_hop_on;
+            _rf_settings.lora.hop_period = hop_period;
+            _rf_settings.lora.crc_on = crc_on;
+            _rf_settings.lora.iq_inverted = iq_inverted;
+            _rf_settings.lora.tx_timeout = timeout;
+
+            if (datarate > 12) {
+                datarate = 12;
+            } else if (datarate < 6) {
+                datarate = 6;
+            }
+            if (((bandwidth == 0) && ((datarate == 11) || (datarate == 12)))
+                    || ((bandwidth == 1) && (datarate == 12))) {
+                _rf_settings.lora.low_datarate_optimize = 0x01;
+            } else {
+                _rf_settings.lora.low_datarate_optimize = 0x00;
+            }
+
+            if (_rf_settings.lora.freq_hop_on == true) {
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_PLLHOP, (read_register(REG_LR_PLLHOP)
+                                & RFLR_PLLHOP_FASTHOP_MASK)
+                                | RFLR_PLLHOP_FASTHOP_ON);
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_HOPPERIOD, _rf_settings.lora.hop_period);
+            }
+
+            write_to_register(REG_LR_MODEMCONFIG1, (read_register(REG_LR_MODEMCONFIG1) &
+                    RFLR_MODEMCONFIG1_BW_MASK &
+                    RFLR_MODEMCONFIG1_CODINGRATE_MASK &
+                    RFLR_MODEMCONFIG1_IMPLICITHEADER_MASK &
+                    RFLR_MODEMCONFIG1_RXPAYLOADCRC_MASK &
+                    RFLR_MODEMCONFIG1_LOWDATARATEOPTIMIZE_MASK)
+                            | (bandwidth << 6) | (coderate << 3)
+                            | (fix_len << 2) | (crc_on << 1)
+                            | _rf_settings.lora.low_datarate_optimize);
+
+            write_to_register(REG_LR_MODEMCONFIG2,
+                              (read_register(REG_LR_MODEMCONFIG2) &
+                              RFLR_MODEMCONFIG2_SF_MASK) | (datarate << 4));
+
+            write_to_register( REG_LR_PREAMBLEMSB, (preamble_len >> 8) & 0x00FF);
+            write_to_register( REG_LR_PREAMBLELSB, preamble_len & 0xFF);
+
+            if (datarate == 6) {
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_DETECTOPTIMIZE,
+                                  (read_register(REG_LR_DETECTOPTIMIZE) &
+                                  RFLR_DETECTIONOPTIMIZE_MASK) |
+                                  RFLR_DETECTIONOPTIMIZE_SF6);
+                write_to_register( REG_LR_DETECTIONTHRESHOLD,
+                RFLR_DETECTIONTHRESH_SF6);
+            } else {
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_DETECTOPTIMIZE,
+                                  (read_register(REG_LR_DETECTOPTIMIZE) &
+                                                 RFLR_DETECTIONOPTIMIZE_MASK) |
+                                                 RFLR_DETECTIONOPTIMIZE_SF7_TO_SF12);
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_DETECTIONTHRESHOLD,
+                                  RFLR_DETECTIONTHRESH_SF7_TO_SF12);
+            }
+
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Calculates time on Air i.e., dwell time for a single packet
+ *
+ * Crucial for the stack in order to calculate dwell time so as to control
+ * duty cycling.
+ */
+uint32_t SX1272_LoRaRadio::time_on_air(radio_modems_t modem, uint8_t pkt_len)
+{
+    uint32_t airtime = 0;
+    
+    push_trace(SX1272_time_on_air);
+
+    switch (modem) {
+        case MODEM_FSK: {
+            airtime = rint((8 * (_rf_settings.fsk.preamble_len
+                                    + ((read_register( REG_SYNCCONFIG)
+                                            & ~RF_SYNCCONFIG_SYNCSIZE_MASK) + 1)
+                                    + ((_rf_settings.fsk.fix_len == 0x01) ?
+                                            0.0f : 1.0f)
+                                    + (((read_register( REG_PACKETCONFIG1)
+                                            & ~RF_PACKETCONFIG1_ADDRSFILTERING_MASK)
+                                            != 0x00) ? 1.0f : 0) + pkt_len
+                                    + ((_rf_settings.fsk.crc_on == 0x01) ?
+                                            2.0f : 0))
+                            / _rf_settings.fsk.datarate) * 1000);
+        }
+            break;
+        case MODEM_LORA: {
+            float bw = 0.0f;
+            switch (_rf_settings.lora.bandwidth) {
+                case 0: // 125 kHz
+                    bw = 125000;
+                    break;
+                case 1: // 250 kHz
+                    bw = 250000;
+                    break;
+                case 2: // 500 kHz
+                    bw = 500000;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // Symbol rate : time for one symbol (secs)
+            float rs = bw / (1 << _rf_settings.lora.datarate);
+            float ts = 1 / rs;
+            // time of preamble
+            float preamble_time = (_rf_settings.lora.preamble_len + 4.25f) * ts;
+            // Symbol length of payload and time
+            float tmp = ceil((8 * pkt_len - 4 * _rf_settings.lora.datarate + 28
+                            + 16 * _rf_settings.lora.crc_on -
+                            (_rf_settings.lora.fix_len ? 20 : 0))
+                            / (float) (4 * (_rf_settings.lora.datarate -
+                                       ((_rf_settings.lora.low_datarate_optimize
+                                                    > 0) ? 2 : 0)))) *
+                                                    (_rf_settings.lora.coderate + 4);
+            float n_payload = 8 + ((tmp > 0) ? tmp : 0);
+            float t_payload = n_payload * ts;
+            // Time on air
+            float t_onair = preamble_time + t_payload;
+            // return ms secs
+            airtime = floor(t_onair * 1000 + 0.999f);
+        }
+            break;
+    }
+    return airtime;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Prepares and sends the radio packet out in the air
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::send(uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t size)
+{
+    uint32_t tx_timeout = 0;
+    
+    push_trace(SX1272_send);
+
+    switch (_rf_settings.modem) {
+        case MODEM_FSK:
+
+            _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes = 0;
+            _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size = size;
+
+            // FIFO operations can not take place in Sleep mode
+            if ((read_register(REG_OPMODE) & ~RF_OPMODE_MASK) == RF_OPMODE_SLEEP) {
+                standby();
+                wait_ms(1);
+            }
+
+            if (_rf_settings.fsk.fix_len == false) {
+                write_fifo((uint8_t *) &size, 1);
+            } else {
+                write_to_register(REG_PAYLOADLENGTH, size);
+            }
+
+            if ((size > 0) && (size <= 64)) {
+                _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.chunk_size = size;
+            } else {
+                memcpy(_data_buffer, buffer, size);
+                _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.chunk_size = 32;
+            }
+
+            // write payload buffer
+            write_fifo(buffer, _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.chunk_size);
+            _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes +=
+                    _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.chunk_size;
+            tx_timeout = _rf_settings.fsk.tx_timeout;
+
+            break;
+        case MODEM_LORA:
+            if (_rf_settings.lora.iq_inverted == true) {
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_INVERTIQ, ((read_register(REG_LR_INVERTIQ) &
+                                  RFLR_INVERTIQ_TX_MASK &
+                                  RFLR_INVERTIQ_RX_MASK) |
+                                  RFLR_INVERTIQ_RX_OFF | RFLR_INVERTIQ_TX_ON));
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_INVERTIQ2, RFLR_INVERTIQ2_ON);
+            } else {
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_INVERTIQ, ((read_register(REG_LR_INVERTIQ) &
+                                  RFLR_INVERTIQ_TX_MASK &
+                                  RFLR_INVERTIQ_RX_MASK) |
+                                  RFLR_INVERTIQ_RX_OFF | RFLR_INVERTIQ_TX_OFF));
+                write_to_register( REG_LR_INVERTIQ2, RFLR_INVERTIQ2_OFF);
+            }
+
+            _rf_settings.lora_packet_handler.size = size;
+
+            // Initializes the payload size
+            write_to_register(REG_LR_PAYLOADLENGTH, size);
+
+            // Full buffer used for Tx
+            write_to_register(REG_LR_FIFOTXBASEADDR, 0);
+            write_to_register(REG_LR_FIFOADDRPTR, 0);
+
+            // FIFO operations can not take place in Sleep mode
+            if ((read_register(REG_OPMODE) & ~RF_OPMODE_MASK) == RF_OPMODE_SLEEP) {
+                standby();
+                wait_ms(1);
+            }
+            // write payload buffer
+            write_fifo(buffer, size);
+            tx_timeout = _rf_settings.lora.tx_timeout;
+
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // transmit
+    transmit(tx_timeout);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Actual TX - Transmit routine
+ *
+ * A DIO0 interrupt let the state machine know that a a packet is
+ * successfully sent, otherwise a TxTimeout is invoked.
+ * TxTimeout should never happen in normal circumstances as the radio should
+ * be able to send a packet out in the air no matter what.
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::transmit(uint32_t timeout)
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_transmit);
+    
+    switch (_rf_settings.modem) {
+
+        case MODEM_FSK:
+            // DIO0=PacketSent
+            // DIO1=FifoEmpty
+            // DIO2=FifoFull
+            // DIO3=FifoEmpty
+            // DIO4=LowBat
+            // DIO5=ModeReady
+            write_to_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1,(read_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1) &
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING1_DIO0_MASK &
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING1_DIO1_MASK &
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING1_DIO2_MASK) |
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING1_DIO1_01);
+
+            write_to_register(REG_DIOMAPPING2, (read_register(REG_DIOMAPPING2) &
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING2_DIO4_MASK &
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING2_MAP_MASK));
+            _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.fifo_thresh =
+                              read_register(REG_FIFOTHRESH) & 0x3F;
+            
+            printf("transmit fsk!\n");
+            
+            break;
+
+        case MODEM_LORA:
+
+            if (_rf_settings.lora.freq_hop_on == true) {
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_IRQFLAGSMASK,
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_RXTIMEOUT |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_RXDONE |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_PAYLOADCRCERROR |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_VALIDHEADER |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDONE |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDETECTED);
+
+                // DIO0=tx_done, DIO2=fhss_change_channel
+
+                write_to_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1, (read_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1) &
+                                  RFLR_DIOMAPPING1_DIO0_MASK &
+                                  RFLR_DIOMAPPING1_DIO2_MASK) |
+                                  RFLR_DIOMAPPING1_DIO0_01 |
+                                  RFLR_DIOMAPPING1_DIO2_01);
+            } else {
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_IRQFLAGSMASK,
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_RXTIMEOUT |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_RXDONE |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_PAYLOADCRCERROR |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_VALIDHEADER |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDONE |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_FHSSCHANGEDCHANNEL |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDETECTED);
+
+                // DIO0=tx_done
+                write_to_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1,(read_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1) &
+                                  RFLR_DIOMAPPING1_DIO0_MASK) |
+                                  RFLR_DIOMAPPING1_DIO0_01);
+            }
+
+            break;
+    }
+
+    _rf_settings.state = RF_TX_RUNNING;
+    tx_timeout_timer.attach_us(callback(this, &SX1272_LoRaRadio::timeout_irq_isr),
+                               timeout * 1000);
+    set_operation_mode(RF_OPMODE_TRANSMITTER);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets the radio module in receive mode
+ *
+ * A DIO4 interrupt let's the state machine know that a preamble is detected
+ * and finally a DIO0 interrupt let's the state machine know that a packet is
+ * ready to be read from the FIFO
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::receive(void)
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_receive);
+    
+    switch (_rf_settings.modem) {
+        case MODEM_FSK:
+            // DIO0=PayloadReady
+            // DIO1=FifoLevel
+            // DIO2=RxTimeout
+            // DIO3=FifoEmpty
+            // DIO4=Preamble
+            // DIO5=ModeReady
+            write_to_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1, (read_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1) &
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING1_DIO0_MASK &
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING1_DIO1_MASK &
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING1_DIO2_MASK) |
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING1_DIO0_00 |
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING1_DIO1_00 |
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING1_DIO2_10);
+
+            write_to_register(REG_DIOMAPPING2, (read_register(REG_DIOMAPPING2) &
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING2_DIO4_MASK &
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING2_MAP_MASK) |
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING2_DIO4_11 |
+                              RF_DIOMAPPING2_MAP_PREAMBLEDETECT);
+
+            _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.fifo_thresh =
+                              read_register(REG_FIFOTHRESH) & 0x3F;
+
+            write_to_register(REG_RXCONFIG, RF_RXCONFIG_AFCAUTO_ON |
+                              RF_RXCONFIG_AGCAUTO_ON |
+                              RF_RXCONFIG_RXTRIGER_PREAMBLEDETECT);
+
+            if (!_rf_settings.fsk.rx_continuous) {
+                // the value for rx timeout in symbols cannot be more than 255
+                // as the preamble length is fixed. We assert here for quick
+                // diagnostics
+                MBED_ASSERT(_rf_settings.fsk.rx_single_timeout <= 255);
+                write_to_register(REG_RXTIMEOUT2, _rf_settings.fsk.rx_single_timeout);
+                write_to_register(REG_RXTIMEOUT3, 0x00);
+                write_to_register(REG_RXTIMEOUT1, 0x00);
+            }
+
+            _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.preamble_detected = 0;
+            _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.sync_word_detected = 0;
+            _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes = 0;
+            _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size = 0;
+            
+            printf("receive fsk!\n");
+
+            break;
+
+        case MODEM_LORA:
+
+            if (_rf_settings.lora.iq_inverted == true) {
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_INVERTIQ, ((read_register(REG_LR_INVERTIQ) &
+                                  RFLR_INVERTIQ_TX_MASK &
+                                  RFLR_INVERTIQ_RX_MASK) |
+                                  RFLR_INVERTIQ_RX_ON |
+                                  RFLR_INVERTIQ_TX_OFF));
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_INVERTIQ2, RFLR_INVERTIQ2_ON);
+            } else {
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_INVERTIQ, ((read_register(REG_LR_INVERTIQ) &
+                                  RFLR_INVERTIQ_TX_MASK &
+                                  RFLR_INVERTIQ_RX_MASK) |
+                                  RFLR_INVERTIQ_RX_OFF |
+                                  RFLR_INVERTIQ_TX_OFF));
+                write_to_register( REG_LR_INVERTIQ2, RFLR_INVERTIQ2_OFF);
+            }
+
+            if (_rf_settings.lora.freq_hop_on == true) {
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_IRQFLAGSMASK,
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_VALIDHEADER |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_TXDONE |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDONE |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDETECTED);
+
+                // DIO0=rx_done, DIO2=fhss_change_channel
+                write_to_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1, (read_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1) &
+                                  RFLR_DIOMAPPING1_DIO0_MASK &
+                                  RFLR_DIOMAPPING1_DIO2_MASK) |
+                                  RFLR_DIOMAPPING1_DIO0_00 |
+                                  RFLR_DIOMAPPING1_DIO2_00);
+            } else {
+                write_to_register(REG_LR_IRQFLAGSMASK,
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_VALIDHEADER |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_TXDONE |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDONE |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_FHSSCHANGEDCHANNEL |
+                                  RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDETECTED);
+
+                // DIO0=rx_done
+                write_to_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1, (read_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1) &
+                                  RFLR_DIOMAPPING1_DIO0_MASK) |
+                                  RFLR_DIOMAPPING1_DIO0_00);
+            }
+
+            write_to_register(REG_LR_FIFORXBASEADDR, 0);
+            write_to_register(REG_LR_FIFOADDRPTR, 0);
+
+            break;
+    }
+
+    memset(_data_buffer, 0, (size_t) MAX_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE_SX172);
+
+    _rf_settings.state = RF_RX_RUNNING;
+
+    if (_rf_settings.modem == MODEM_FSK) {
+        set_operation_mode(RF_OPMODE_RECEIVER);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // If mode is LoRa set mode
+    if (_rf_settings.lora.rx_continuous == true) {
+        set_operation_mode(RFLR_OPMODE_RECEIVER);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        rx_sync_timer.attach_us(callback(this, &SX1272_LoRaRadio::rxsync_irq_isr), 1000);
+        set_operation_mode(RFLR_OPMODE_RECEIVER_SINGLE);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Puts a limit on the size of payload the module can handle
+ * By default it is MAX, i.e., 256 bytes
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::set_max_payload_length(radio_modems_t modem, uint8_t max)
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_set_max_payload_length);
+    
+    set_modem(modem);
+
+    switch (modem) {
+        case MODEM_FSK:
+            if (_rf_settings.fsk.fix_len == false) {
+                write_to_register(REG_PAYLOADLENGTH, max);
+            }
+            break;
+        case MODEM_LORA:
+            write_to_register(REG_LR_PAYLOADMAXLENGTH, max);
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * TODO: Making sure if this API is valid only for LoRa modulation ?
+ *
+ * Indicates if the node is part of a private or public network
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::set_public_network(bool enable)
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_set_public_network);
+    
+    set_modem(MODEM_LORA);
+
+    _rf_settings.lora.public_network = enable;
+    if (enable == true) {
+        // Change lora modem SyncWord
+        write_to_register(REG_LR_SYNCWORD, LORA_MAC_PUBLIC_SYNCWORD);
+    } else {
+        // Change lora modem SyncWord
+        write_to_register(REG_LR_SYNCWORD, LORA_MAC_PRIVATE_SYNCWORD);
+    }
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * Perform carrier sensing
+ *
+ * Checks for a certain time if the RSSI is above a given threshold.
+ * This threshold determines if there is already a transmission going on
+ * in the channel or not.
+ *
+ */
+bool SX1272_LoRaRadio::perform_carrier_sense(radio_modems_t modem,
+                                   uint32_t freq,
+                                   int16_t rssi_threshold,
+                                   uint32_t max_carrier_sense_time)
+{
+    bool status = true;
+    int16_t rssi = 0;
+    
+    push_trace(SX1272_perform_carrier_sense);
+
+    set_modem(modem);
+    set_channel(freq);
+    set_operation_mode(RF_OPMODE_RECEIVER);
+
+    // hold on a bit, radio turn-around time
+    wait_ms(1);
+
+    Timer elapsed_time;
+    elapsed_time.start();
+
+    // Perform carrier sense for maxCarrierSenseTime
+    while (elapsed_time.read_ms() < (int)max_carrier_sense_time) {
+        rssi = get_rssi(modem);
+
+        if (rssi > rssi_threshold) {
+            status = false;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    sleep();
+    return status;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Channel Activity detection (can be done only in LoRa mode)
+ *
+ * If any activity on the channel is detected, an interrupt is asserted on
+ * DIO3. A callback will be generated to the stack/application upon the
+ * assertion of DIO3.
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::start_cad()
+{
+    uint8_t reg_val;
+    
+    push_trace(SX1272_start_cad);
+    
+    printf("start cad!\n");
+
+    switch (_rf_settings.modem) {
+        case MODEM_FSK:
+            break;
+        case MODEM_LORA:
+            write_to_register(REG_LR_IRQFLAGSMASK,
+                              RFLR_IRQFLAGS_RXTIMEOUT |
+                              RFLR_IRQFLAGS_RXDONE |
+                              RFLR_IRQFLAGS_PAYLOADCRCERROR |
+                              RFLR_IRQFLAGS_VALIDHEADER |
+                              RFLR_IRQFLAGS_TXDONE |
+                              RFLR_IRQFLAGS_FHSSCHANGEDCHANNEL);
+
+            // DIO3=CADDone
+            reg_val = read_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1);
+            write_to_register(REG_DIOMAPPING1, (reg_val &
+                              RFLR_DIOMAPPING1_DIO3_MASK) |
+                              RFLR_DIOMAPPING1_DIO3_00);
+
+            set_operation_mode(RFLR_OPMODE_CAD);
+
+            _rf_settings.state = RF_CAD;
+
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set transmission in continuous wave mode
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::set_tx_continuous_wave(uint32_t freq, int8_t power,
+                                              uint16_t time)
+{
+    uint8_t reg_val;
+    
+    push_trace(SX1272_set_tx_continuous_wave);
+
+    set_channel(freq);
+    set_tx_config(MODEM_FSK, power, 0, 0, 4800, 0, 5, false, false, 0, 0, 0, time * 1000);
+    reg_val = read_register(REG_PACKETCONFIG2);
+
+    write_to_register( REG_PACKETCONFIG2, (reg_val & RF_PACKETCONFIG2_DATAMODE_MASK ) );
+    // Disable radio interrupts
+    write_to_register( REG_DIOMAPPING1, RF_DIOMAPPING1_DIO0_11 | RF_DIOMAPPING1_DIO1_11 );
+    write_to_register( REG_DIOMAPPING2, RF_DIOMAPPING2_DIO4_10 | RF_DIOMAPPING2_DIO5_10 );
+
+    _rf_settings.state = RF_TX_RUNNING;
+    tx_timeout_timer.attach_us(callback(this, &SX1272_LoRaRadio::timeout_irq_isr), time * 1000000);
+    set_operation_mode(RF_OPMODE_TRANSMITTER);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Put radio in Standby mode
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::standby( void )
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_standby);
+    tx_timeout_timer.detach();
+    rx_sync_timer.detach();
+    set_operation_mode(RF_OPMODE_STANDBY);
+    _rf_settings.state = RF_IDLE;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generates 32 bit random number based upon RSSI monitoring
+ * Used for various calculation by the stack for example dev nonce
+ *
+ * When this API is used modem is set in LoRa mode and all interrupts are
+ * masked. If the user had been using FSK mode, it should be noted that a
+ * change of mode is required again because the registers have changed.
+ * In addition to that RX and TX configuration APIs should be called again in
+ * order to have correct desires setup.
+ */
+uint32_t SX1272_LoRaRadio::random()
+{
+    uint8_t i;
+    uint32_t rnd = 0;
+    
+    push_trace(SX1272_random);
+
+    // Set LoRa modem ON
+    set_modem(MODEM_LORA);
+
+    // Disable LoRa modem interrupts, i.e., mask all interrupts
+    write_to_register(REG_LR_IRQFLAGSMASK, RFLR_IRQFLAGS_RXTIMEOUT | RFLR_IRQFLAGS_RXDONE
+                      | RFLR_IRQFLAGS_PAYLOADCRCERROR | RFLR_IRQFLAGS_VALIDHEADER
+                      | RFLR_IRQFLAGS_TXDONE | RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDONE
+                      | RFLR_IRQFLAGS_FHSSCHANGEDCHANNEL | RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDETECTED);
+
+    // Set radio in continuous reception
+    set_operation_mode(RF_OPMODE_RECEIVER);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+        wait_ms(1);
+        // Unfiltered RSSI value reading. Only takes the LSB value
+        rnd |= ((uint32_t) read_register(REG_LR_RSSIWIDEBAND) & 0x01) << i;
+    }
+
+    sleep();
+
+    return rnd;
+}
+
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Private APIs                                                              *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+#ifdef MBED_CONF_RTOS_PRESENT
+/**
+ * Thread task handling IRQs
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::rf_irq_task(void)
+{
+    for (;;) {
+        uint32_t flags = ThisThread::flags_wait_any(0x7FFFFFFF);
+
+        lock();
+        if (flags & SIG_DIO0) {
+            handle_dio0_irq();
+        }
+        if (flags & SIG_DIO1) {
+            handle_dio1_irq();
+        }
+        if (flags & SIG_DIO2) {
+            handle_dio2_irq();
+        }
+        if (flags & SIG_DIO3) {
+            handle_dio3_irq();
+        }
+        if (flags & SIG_DIO4) {
+            handle_dio4_irq();
+        }
+        if (flags & SIG_DIO5) {
+            handle_dio5_irq();
+        }
+        if (flags & SIG_TIMOUT) {
+            handle_timeout_irq();
+        }
+        if (flags & SIG_RXSYNC) {
+            handle_rxsync_irq();
+        }
+        unlock();
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Writes a single byte to a given register
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::write_to_register(uint8_t addr, uint8_t data)
+{
+    write_to_register(addr, &data, 1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes multiple bytes to a given register
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::write_to_register(uint8_t addr, uint8_t *data, uint8_t size)
+{
+    // set chip-select low
+    _chip_select = 0;
+
+    // set write command
+    _spi.write(addr | SPI_WRITE_CMD);
+
+    // write data
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        _spi.write(data[i]);
+    }
+
+    // set chip-select high
+    _chip_select = 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads the value of a single register
+ */
+uint8_t SX1272_LoRaRadio::read_register(uint8_t addr)
+{
+    uint8_t data;
+    read_register(addr, &data, 1);
+    return data;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads multiple values from a given register
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::read_register(uint8_t addr, uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t size)
+{
+    // set chip-select low
+    _chip_select = 0;
+
+    // set read command
+    _spi.write(addr & SPI_READ_CMD);
+
+    // read buffers
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        buffer[i] = _spi.write(0);
+    }
+
+    // set chip-select high
+    _chip_select = 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes to FIIO provided by the chip
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::write_fifo(uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t size)
+{
+    write_to_register(0, buffer, size);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads from the FIFO provided by the chip
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::read_fifo(uint8_t *buffer, uint8_t size)
+{
+    read_register(0, buffer, size);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets FSK bandwidth values
+ *
+ * Gives either normal bandwidths or bandwidths for
+ * AFC (auto frequency correction)
+ */
+uint8_t SX1272_LoRaRadio::get_fsk_bw_reg_val(uint32_t bandwidth)
+{
+    uint8_t i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(fsk_bandwidths) / sizeof(fsk_bw_t)) - 1; i++) {
+        if ((bandwidth >= fsk_bandwidths[i].bandwidth)
+                && (bandwidth < fsk_bandwidths[i + 1].bandwidth)) {
+            return fsk_bandwidths[i].register_value;
+        }
+    }
+    // ERROR: Value not found
+    // This should never happen
+    while (1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets the radio modules to default position (off)
+ *
+ * Historically they were being called as Antenna switches, so we kept the name.
+ * In essence these are control latches over duplexer which either let
+ * TX submodule or RX submodule circuitry enabled at a time.
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::default_antenna_switch_ctrls()
+{
+    if (_rf_ctrls.pwr_amp_ctl != NC) {
+        _pwr_amp_ctl = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (_rf_ctrls.rf_switch_ctl1 != NC && _rf_ctrls.rf_switch_ctl2 != NC) {
+        _rf_switch_ctl1 = 0;
+        _rf_switch_ctl2 = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (_rf_ctrls.txctl != NC && _rf_ctrls.rxctl != NC) {
+        _txctl = 0;
+        _rxctl = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Gets the power amplifier configuration register
+ */
+uint8_t SX1272_LoRaRadio::get_pa_conf_reg()
+{
+    if (radio_variant == SX1272UNDEFINED) {
+        return RF_PACONFIG_PASELECT_PABOOST;
+    } else if (radio_variant == SX1272MB1DCS) {
+        return RF_PACONFIG_PASELECT_PABOOST;
+    } else {
+        return RF_PACONFIG_PASELECT_RFO;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get RSSI from the module
+ */
+int16_t SX1272_LoRaRadio::get_rssi(radio_modems_t modem)
+{
+    int16_t rssi = 0;
+
+    switch( modem )
+    {
+    case MODEM_FSK:
+        rssi = -(read_register(REG_RSSIVALUE) >> 1 );
+        break;
+    case MODEM_LORA:
+        rssi = RSSI_OFFSET + read_register(REG_LR_RSSIVALUE);
+        break;
+    default:
+        rssi = -1;
+        break;
+    }
+    return rssi;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets the transmit power for the module
+ */
+#if defined ( TARGET_MOTE_L152RC )
+static const uint8_t pa_boost_table[20] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15};
+static const uint8_t RFO_table[11] = {1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9};
+#endif
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::set_rf_tx_power(int8_t power)
+{
+    uint8_t pa_config = 0;
+    uint8_t pa_dac = 0;
+
+    pa_config = read_register(REG_PACONFIG);
+    pa_dac = read_register(REG_PADAC);
+
+#if defined ( TARGET_MOTE_L152RC )
+    if(power > 19) {
+        pa_config = (pa_config & RF_PACONFIG_PASELECT_MASK) | RF_PACONFIG_PASELECT_RFO;
+        pa_config = (pa_config & RFLR_PACONFIG_OUTPUTPOWER_MASK) | RFO_table[power - 20];
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pa_config = (pa_config & RF_PACONFIG_PASELECT_MASK) | RF_PACONFIG_PASELECT_PABOOST;
+        pa_config = (pa_config & RFLR_PACONFIG_OUTPUTPOWER_MASK) | pa_boost_table[power];
+    }
+#else
+    pa_config = (pa_config & RF_PACONFIG_PASELECT_MASK) | get_pa_conf_reg();
+
+    if ((pa_config & RF_PACONFIG_PASELECT_PABOOST)
+            == RF_PACONFIG_PASELECT_PABOOST) {
+        if (power > 17) {
+            pa_dac = (pa_dac & RF_PADAC_20DBM_MASK) | RF_PADAC_20DBM_ON;
+        } else {
+            pa_dac = (pa_dac & RF_PADAC_20DBM_MASK) | RF_PADAC_20DBM_OFF;
+        }
+        if ((pa_dac & RF_PADAC_20DBM_ON) == RF_PADAC_20DBM_ON) {
+            if (power < 5) {
+                power = 5;
+            }
+            if (power > 20) {
+                power = 20;
+            }
+            pa_config = (pa_config & RFLR_PACONFIG_OUTPUTPOWER_MASK)
+                    | (uint8_t) ((uint16_t) (power - 5) & 0x0F);
+        } else {
+            if (power < 2) {
+                power = 2;
+            }
+            if (power > 17) {
+                power = 17;
+            }
+            pa_config = (pa_config & RFLR_PACONFIG_OUTPUTPOWER_MASK)
+                    | (uint8_t) ((uint16_t) (power - 2) & 0x0F);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (power < -1) {
+            power = -1;
+        }
+        if (power > 14) {
+            power = 14;
+        }
+        pa_config = (pa_config & RFLR_PACONFIG_OUTPUTPOWER_MASK)
+                | (uint8_t) ((uint16_t) (power + 1) & 0x0F);
+    }
+#endif
+    write_to_register(REG_PACONFIG, pa_config);
+    write_to_register(REG_PADAC, pa_dac);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets the radio registers to defaults
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::setup_registers()
+{
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(radio_reg_init) / sizeof(radio_registers_t); i++) {
+        set_modem(radio_reg_init[i].modem);
+        write_to_register(radio_reg_init[i].addr, radio_reg_init[i].value);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the radio module variant
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::set_sx1272_variant_type()
+{
+    if (_rf_ctrls.ant_switch != NC){
+        _ant_switch.input();
+        wait_ms(1);
+        if (_ant_switch == 1) {
+            radio_variant = SX1272MB1DCS;
+        } else {
+            radio_variant = SX1272MB2XAS;
+        }
+        _ant_switch.output();
+        wait_ms(1);
+    } else {
+        radio_variant = MBED_CONF_SX1272_LORA_DRIVER_RADIO_VARIANT;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets up radio latch position according to the
+ * radio mode
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::set_antenna_switch(uint8_t mode)
+{
+    // here we got to do ifdef for changing controls
+    // as some pins might be NC
+    switch (mode) {
+        case RFLR_OPMODE_TRANSMITTER:
+            if (_rf_ctrls.rf_switch_ctl1 != NC
+                && _rf_ctrls.rf_switch_ctl2 != NC) {
+                // module is in transmit mode and RF latch switches
+                // are connected. Check if power amplifier boost is
+                // setup or not
+                if ((read_register(REG_PACONFIG) & RF_PACONFIG_PASELECT_PABOOST)
+                                       == RF_PACONFIG_PASELECT_PABOOST) {
+                    _rf_switch_ctl1 = 1;
+                    _rf_switch_ctl2 = 0;
+                } else {
+                    // power amplifier not selected
+                    _rf_switch_ctl1 = 0;
+                    _rf_switch_ctl2 = 1;
+                }
+            } else if (_rf_ctrls.txctl != NC && _rf_ctrls.rxctl != NC) {
+                // module is in transmit mode and tx/rx submodule control
+                // pins are connected
+                _txctl = 1;
+                _rxctl = 0;
+            } else if (_rf_ctrls.ant_switch != NC){
+                _ant_switch = 1;
+            } else {
+                // None of the control pins are connected.
+            }
+            break;
+        case RFLR_OPMODE_RECEIVER:
+        case RFLR_OPMODE_RECEIVER_SINGLE:
+        case RFLR_OPMODE_CAD:
+            if (_rf_ctrls.rf_switch_ctl1 != NC
+                && _rf_ctrls.rf_switch_ctl2 != NC) {
+                // radio is in reception or CAD mode and RF latch switches
+                // are connected
+                _rf_switch_ctl1 = 1;
+                _rf_switch_ctl2 = 1;
+            } else if (_rf_ctrls.txctl != NC && _rf_ctrls.rxctl != NC) {
+                _txctl = 0;
+                _rxctl = 1;
+            } else if (_rf_ctrls.ant_switch != NC) {
+                _ant_switch = 0;
+            } else {
+                // None of the control pins are connected.
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            // Enforce default case  when any connected control pin is kept low.
+            if (_rf_ctrls.rf_switch_ctl1 != NC
+                && _rf_ctrls.rf_switch_ctl2 != NC) {
+                // radio is in reception or CAD mode and RF latch switches
+                // are connected
+                _rf_switch_ctl1 = 0;
+                _rf_switch_ctl2 = 0;
+            } else if (_rf_ctrls.txctl != NC && _rf_ctrls.rxctl != NC) {
+                _txctl = 0;
+                _rxctl = 0;
+            } else if (_rf_ctrls.ant_switch != NC) {
+                _ant_switch = 0;
+            } else {
+                // None of the control pins are connected.
+            }
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets up frequency for SPI module
+ * Reference DataSheet: 4.3 SPI Interface
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::setup_spi()
+{
+    // SPI bus frequency
+    uint32_t spi_freq = SPI_FREQUENCY;
+
+    // Hold chip-select high
+    _chip_select = 1;
+    _spi.format(8, 0);
+
+#if defined (TARGET_KL25Z)
+    //bus-clock frequency is halved -> double the SPI frequency to compensate
+    _spi.frequency(spi_freq * 2);
+#else
+    // otherwise use default SPI frequency which is 8 MHz
+    _spi.frequency(spi_freq);
+#endif
+    // 100 us wait to settle down
+    wait(0.1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Attaches ISRs to interrupt pins
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::setup_interrupts()
+{
+    _dio0_ctl.rise(callback(this, &SX1272_LoRaRadio::dio0_irq_isr));
+    
+    if (_dio1_pin != NC) {
+        _dio1_ctl.rise(callback(this, &SX1272_LoRaRadio::dio1_irq_isr));
+    }
+    
+    _dio2_ctl.rise(callback(this, &SX1272_LoRaRadio::dio2_irq_isr));
+    _dio3_ctl.rise(callback(this, &SX1272_LoRaRadio::dio3_irq_isr));
+    
+    if (_dio4_pin != NC) {
+        _dio4_ctl.rise(callback(this, &SX1272_LoRaRadio::dio4_irq_isr));
+    }
+    if (_dio5_pin != NC) {
+        _dio5_ctl.rise(callback(this, &SX1272_LoRaRadio::dio5_irq_isr));
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sets the module in low power mode by disconnecting
+ * TX and RX submodules, turning off power amplifier etc.
+ */
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::set_low_power_mode(bool status)
+{
+    if (radio_is_active != status) {
+        radio_is_active = status;
+
+        if (status == false) {
+            if (_rf_ctrls.rf_switch_ctl1 != NC) {
+                _rf_switch_ctl1 = 0;
+            }
+            if (_rf_ctrls.rf_switch_ctl2 != NC) {
+                _rf_switch_ctl2 = 0;
+            }
+
+            if (_rf_ctrls.pwr_amp_ctl != NC) {
+                _pwr_amp_ctl = 0;
+            }
+
+            if (_rf_ctrls.txctl != NC) {
+                _txctl = 0;
+            }
+
+            if (_rf_ctrls.rxctl != NC) {
+                _rxctl = 0;
+            }
+
+            if (_rf_ctrls.ant_switch != NC) {
+                _ant_switch = 0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            default_antenna_switch_ctrls();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Interrupt service routines (ISRs) - set signals to the irq_thread         *
+ ****************************************************************************/
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::dio0_irq_isr()
+{
+#ifdef MBED_CONF_RTOS_PRESENT
+   irq_thread.flags_set(SIG_DIO0);
+#else
+   handle_dio0_irq();
+#endif
+}
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::dio1_irq_isr()
+{
+#ifdef MBED_CONF_RTOS_PRESENT
+    irq_thread.flags_set(SIG_DIO1);
+#else
+    handle_dio1_irq();
+#endif
+}
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::dio2_irq_isr()
+{
+#ifdef MBED_CONF_RTOS_PRESENT
+    irq_thread.flags_set(SIG_DIO2);
+#else
+    handle_dio2_irq();
+#endif
+}
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::dio3_irq_isr()
+{
+#ifdef MBED_CONF_RTOS_PRESENT
+    irq_thread.flags_set(SIG_DIO3);
+#else
+    handle_dio3_irq();
+#endif
+}
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::dio4_irq_isr()
+{
+#ifdef MBED_CONF_RTOS_PRESENT
+    irq_thread.flags_set(SIG_DIO4);
+#else
+    handle_dio4_irq();
+#endif
+}
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::dio5_irq_isr()
+{
+#ifdef MBED_CONF_RTOS_PRESENT
+    irq_thread.flags_set(SIG_DIO5);
+#else
+    handle_dio5_irq();
+#endif
+}
+
+// This is not a hardware interrupt
+// we invoke it ourselves based upon
+// our timers
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::timeout_irq_isr()
+{
+#ifdef MBED_CONF_RTOS_PRESENT
+    irq_thread.flags_set(SIG_TIMOUT);
+#else
+    handle_timeout_irq();
+#endif
+}
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::rxsync_irq_isr()
+{
+#ifdef MBED_CONF_RTOS_PRESENT
+    irq_thread.flags_set(SIG_RXSYNC);
+#else
+    handle_rxsync_irq();
+#endif
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************
+ * Interrupt Handlers                                                         *
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::handle_dio0_irq()
+{
+    volatile uint8_t irqFlags = 0;
+    
+    push_trace(SX1272_dio0_irq);
+
+    switch (_rf_settings.state) {
+        case RF_RX_RUNNING:
+            switch (_rf_settings.modem) {
+                case MODEM_FSK:
+                    if (_rf_settings.fsk.crc_on == true) {
+                        irqFlags = read_register(REG_IRQFLAGS2);
+                        if ((irqFlags & RF_IRQFLAGS2_CRCOK)
+                                != RF_IRQFLAGS2_CRCOK) {
+                            // Clear Irqs
+                            write_to_register(REG_IRQFLAGS1, RF_IRQFLAGS1_RSSI |
+                                              RF_IRQFLAGS1_PREAMBLEDETECT |
+                                              RF_IRQFLAGS1_SYNCADDRESSMATCH);
+                            write_to_register(REG_IRQFLAGS2, RF_IRQFLAGS2_FIFOOVERRUN);
+
+
+                            if (_rf_settings.fsk.rx_continuous == false) {
+                                _rf_settings.state = RF_IDLE;
+                            } else {
+                                // Continuous mode restart Rx chain
+                                write_to_register(REG_RXCONFIG,
+                                                  read_register(REG_RXCONFIG) |
+                                                  RF_RXCONFIG_RESTARTRXWITHOUTPLLLOCK);
+                            }
+
+                            if ((_radio_events != NULL)
+                                    && (_radio_events->rx_error)) {
+                                _radio_events->rx_error();
+                            }
+                            _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.preamble_detected = 0;
+                            _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.sync_word_detected = 0;
+                            _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes = 0;
+                            _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size = 0;
+                            // break from here, a CRC error happened, RX_ERROR
+                            // was notified. No need to go any further
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // This block was moved from dio2_handler.
+                    // We can have a snapshot of RSSI here as at this point it
+                    // should be more smoothed out.
+                    _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.rssi_value = -(read_register(REG_RSSIVALUE) >> 1);
+                    _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.afc_value = (int32_t)(float)(((uint16_t)read_register(REG_AFCMSB) << 8) |
+                                                                                   (uint16_t)read_register(REG_AFCLSB)) *
+                                                                                   (float)FREQ_STEP;
+                    _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.rx_gain = (read_register(REG_LNA) >> 5) & 0x07;
+
+                    // Read received packet size
+                    if ((_rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size == 0)
+                            && (_rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes == 0)) {
+                        if (_rf_settings.fsk.fix_len == false) {
+                            read_fifo((uint8_t*) &_rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size, 1);
+                        } else {
+                            _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size = read_register(REG_PAYLOADLENGTH);
+                        }
+                        read_fifo(_data_buffer + _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes,
+                                _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size - _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes);
+                        _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes +=
+                                (_rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size - _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes);
+                    } else {
+                        read_fifo(_data_buffer + _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes,
+                                _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size - _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes);
+                        _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes +=
+                                (_rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size - _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes);
+                    }
+
+                    if (_rf_settings.fsk.rx_continuous == false) {
+                        _rf_settings.state = RF_IDLE;
+                    } else {
+                        // Continuous mode restart Rx chain
+                        write_to_register(REG_RXCONFIG, read_register(REG_RXCONFIG)
+                                        | RF_RXCONFIG_RESTARTRXWITHOUTPLLLOCK);
+                    }
+
+                    if ((_radio_events != NULL) && (_radio_events->rx_done)) {
+                        _radio_events->rx_done(
+                                _data_buffer,
+                                _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size,
+                                _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.rssi_value, 0);
+                    }
+                    _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.preamble_detected = 0;
+                    _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.sync_word_detected = 0;
+                    _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes = 0;
+                    _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size = 0;
+                    break;
+                case MODEM_LORA: {
+                    int8_t snr = 0;
+
+                    // Clear Irq
+                    write_to_register(REG_LR_IRQFLAGS, RFLR_IRQFLAGS_RXDONE);
+
+                    irqFlags = read_register(REG_LR_IRQFLAGS);
+                    if ((irqFlags & RFLR_IRQFLAGS_PAYLOADCRCERROR_MASK)
+                            == RFLR_IRQFLAGS_PAYLOADCRCERROR) {
+                        // Clear Irq
+                        write_to_register(REG_LR_IRQFLAGS,
+                                          RFLR_IRQFLAGS_PAYLOADCRCERROR);
+
+                        if (_rf_settings.lora.rx_continuous == false) {
+                            _rf_settings.state = RF_IDLE;
+                        }
+
+                        if ((_radio_events != NULL)
+                                && (_radio_events->rx_error)) {
+                            _radio_events->rx_error();
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    _rf_settings.lora_packet_handler.snr_value = read_register(REG_LR_PKTSNRVALUE);
+                    if (_rf_settings.lora_packet_handler.snr_value & 0x80) // The SNR sign bit is 1
+                            {
+                        // Invert and divide by 4
+                        snr = ((~_rf_settings.lora_packet_handler.snr_value + 1) & 0xFF) >> 2;
+                        snr = -snr;
+                    } else {
+                        // Divide by 4
+                        snr =(_rf_settings.lora_packet_handler.snr_value & 0xFF) >> 2;
+                    }
+
+                    int16_t rssi = read_register(REG_LR_PKTRSSIVALUE);
+                    if (snr < 0) {
+                        _rf_settings.lora_packet_handler.rssi_value =
+                                RSSI_OFFSET + rssi + (rssi >> 4) + snr;
+                    } else {
+                        _rf_settings.lora_packet_handler.rssi_value =
+                                RSSI_OFFSET + rssi + (rssi >> 4);
+                    }
+
+                    _rf_settings.lora_packet_handler.size = read_register(REG_LR_RXNBBYTES);
+                    read_fifo(_data_buffer, _rf_settings.lora_packet_handler.size);
+
+                    if (_rf_settings.lora.rx_continuous == false) {
+                        _rf_settings.state = RF_IDLE;
+                    }
+
+                    if ((_radio_events != NULL)
+                            && (_radio_events->rx_done)) {
+                        _radio_events->rx_done(
+                                _data_buffer,
+                                _rf_settings.lora_packet_handler.size,
+                                _rf_settings.lora_packet_handler.rssi_value,
+                                _rf_settings.lora_packet_handler.snr_value);
+                    }
+                }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case RF_TX_RUNNING:
+            tx_timeout_timer.detach();
+            // TxDone interrupt
+            switch (_rf_settings.modem) {
+                case MODEM_LORA:
+                    // Clear Irq
+                    write_to_register( REG_LR_IRQFLAGS, RFLR_IRQFLAGS_TXDONE);
+                    // Intentional fall through
+                case MODEM_FSK:
+                default:
+                    _rf_settings.state = RF_IDLE;
+                    if ((_radio_events != NULL)
+                            && (_radio_events->tx_done)) {
+                        _radio_events->tx_done();
+                    }
+                    break;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::handle_dio1_irq()
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_dio1_irq);
+    
+    switch(_rf_settings.state )
+       {
+           case RF_RX_RUNNING:
+               switch(_rf_settings.modem ) {
+               case MODEM_FSK:
+                   // FifoLevel interrupt
+                   // Read received packet size
+                   if( ( _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size == 0 ) && ( _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes == 0 ) )
+                   {
+                       if( _rf_settings.fsk.fix_len == false )
+                       {
+                           read_fifo( ( uint8_t* )&_rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size, 1 );
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                           _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size = read_register(REG_PAYLOADLENGTH);
+                       }
+                   }
+
+                   if( ( _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size - _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes ) > _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.fifo_thresh )
+                   {
+                       read_fifo( ( _data_buffer + _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes ), _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.fifo_thresh );
+                       _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes += _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.fifo_thresh;
+                   }
+                   else
+                   {
+                       read_fifo( ( _data_buffer + _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes ), _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size - _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes );
+                       _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes += ( _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size - _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes );
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case MODEM_LORA:
+                   break;
+               default:
+                   break;
+               }
+               break;
+           case RF_TX_RUNNING:
+               switch( _rf_settings.modem )
+               {
+               case MODEM_FSK:
+                   // FifoLevel interrupt
+                   if( ( _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size - _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes ) > _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.chunk_size )
+                   {
+                       write_fifo(( _data_buffer + _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes ), _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.chunk_size );
+                       _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes += _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.chunk_size;
+                   }
+                   else
+                   {
+                       // Write the last chunk of data
+                       write_fifo( _data_buffer + _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes, _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size - _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes );
+                       _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes += _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size - _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes;
+                   }
+                   break;
+               case MODEM_LORA:
+                   break;
+               default:
+                   break;
+               }
+               break;
+           default:
+               break;
+       }
+}
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::handle_dio2_irq(void)
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_dio2_irq);
+    
+    switch(_rf_settings.state )
+    {
+        case RF_RX_RUNNING:
+            switch( _rf_settings.modem )
+            {
+            case MODEM_FSK:
+                _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.preamble_detected = 0;
+                _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.sync_word_detected = 0;
+                _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.nb_bytes = 0;
+                _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.size = 0;
+
+                // Clear Irqs
+                write_to_register(REG_IRQFLAGS1, RF_IRQFLAGS1_RSSI |
+                                  RF_IRQFLAGS1_PREAMBLEDETECT |
+                                  RF_IRQFLAGS1_SYNCADDRESSMATCH |
+                                  RF_IRQFLAGS1_TIMEOUT);
+
+                write_to_register( REG_IRQFLAGS2, RF_IRQFLAGS2_FIFOOVERRUN);
+
+                if (_rf_settings.fsk.rx_continuous == true) {
+                    // Continuous mode restart Rx chain
+                    write_to_register( REG_RXCONFIG,
+                                      read_register(REG_RXCONFIG) |
+                                      RF_RXCONFIG_RESTARTRXWITHOUTPLLLOCK);
+                } else {
+                    _rf_settings.state = RF_IDLE;
+                }
+
+                if ((_radio_events != NULL)
+                        && (_radio_events->rx_timeout)) {
+                    _radio_events->rx_timeout();
+                }
+
+                break;
+            case MODEM_LORA:
+                if( _rf_settings.lora.freq_hop_on == true )
+                {
+                    // Clear Irq
+                    write_to_register( REG_LR_IRQFLAGS, RFLR_IRQFLAGS_FHSSCHANGEDCHANNEL );
+
+                    if( ( _radio_events != NULL ) && (_radio_events->fhss_change_channel ) )
+                    {
+                        _radio_events->fhss_change_channel((read_register( REG_LR_HOPCHANNEL ) & RFLR_HOPCHANNEL_CHANNEL_MASK ));
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case RF_TX_RUNNING:
+            switch( _rf_settings.modem )
+            {
+            case MODEM_FSK:
+                break;
+            case MODEM_LORA:
+                if( _rf_settings.lora.freq_hop_on == true )
+                {
+                    // Clear Irq
+                    write_to_register( REG_LR_IRQFLAGS, RFLR_IRQFLAGS_FHSSCHANGEDCHANNEL );
+
+                    if( (_radio_events != NULL ) && ( _radio_events->fhss_change_channel ) )
+                    {
+                        _radio_events->fhss_change_channel((read_register( REG_LR_HOPCHANNEL ) & RFLR_HOPCHANNEL_CHANNEL_MASK ));
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::handle_dio3_irq( void )
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_dio3_irq);
+    
+    switch( _rf_settings.modem )
+    {
+    case MODEM_FSK:
+        break;
+    case MODEM_LORA:
+        if( ( read_register( REG_LR_IRQFLAGS ) & RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDETECTED ) == RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDETECTED )
+        {
+            // Clear Irq
+            write_to_register( REG_LR_IRQFLAGS, RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDETECTED | RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDONE );
+            if( ( _radio_events != NULL ) && ( _radio_events->cad_done ) )
+            {
+                _radio_events->cad_done( true );
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Clear Irq
+            write_to_register( REG_LR_IRQFLAGS, RFLR_IRQFLAGS_CADDONE );
+            if( ( _radio_events != NULL ) && ( _radio_events->cad_done ) )
+            {
+                _radio_events->cad_done( false );
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::handle_dio4_irq(void)
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_dio4_irq);
+    
+    // is asserted when a preamble is detected (FSK modem only)
+    switch (_rf_settings.modem) {
+        case MODEM_FSK: {
+            if (_rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.preamble_detected == 0) {
+                _rf_settings.fsk_packet_handler.preamble_detected = 1;
+            }
+        }
+            break;
+        case MODEM_LORA:
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::handle_dio5_irq()
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_dio5_irq);
+    
+    switch( _rf_settings.modem )
+    {
+    case MODEM_FSK:
+        break;
+    case MODEM_LORA:
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::handle_timeout_irq()
+{
+    push_trace(SX1272_timeout_irq);
+    tx_timeout_timer.detach();
+
+    if (_rf_settings.state == RF_TX_RUNNING) {
+        // Tx timeout shouldn't happen.
+        // But it has been observed that when it happens it is a result of a
+        // corrupted SPI transfer
+        // The workaround is to put the radio in a known state.
+        // Thus, we re-initialize it.
+
+        // Initialize radio default values
+        set_operation_mode(RF_OPMODE_SLEEP);
+
+        setup_registers();
+
+        set_modem(MODEM_FSK);
+
+        // Restore previous network type setting.
+        set_public_network(_rf_settings.lora.public_network);
+
+        _rf_settings.state = RF_IDLE;
+
+        if ((_radio_events != NULL) && (_radio_events->tx_timeout)) {
+            _radio_events->tx_timeout();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::handle_rxsync_irq()
+{
+    rx_sync_timer.detach();
+    
+    if (_rf_settings.state == RF_RX_RUNNING)
+    {
+        if((read_register(REG_OPMODE) & 0x7) == RFLR_OPMODE_RECEIVER_SINGLE)
+        {
+            rx_sync_timer.attach_us(callback(this, &SX1272_LoRaRadio::rxsync_irq_isr), 1000);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            push_trace(SX1272_rxsymb_irq);
+            
+            // Sync time out
+            _rf_settings.state = RF_IDLE;
+            
+            if ((_radio_events != NULL) && (_radio_events->rx_timeout)) {
+                _radio_events->rx_timeout();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool SX1272_LoRaRadio::pop_trace(SX1272_Trace &trace)
+{
+    if (trace_buf.empty()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    trace_buf.pop(trace);
+    return true;
+}
+
+void SX1272_LoRaRadio::push_trace(uint32_t state)
+{
+    SX1272_Trace trace;
+    
+    trace.state = state;
+    trace.interval = trace_timer.read_us();
+    trace_timer.reset();
+    
+    trace_buf.push(trace);
+}