Zeran Gu
/
STM32F103C8T6_mpc4725_dac
Important changes to repositories hosted on mbed.com
Mbed hosted mercurial repositories are deprecated and are due to be permanently deleted in July 2026.
To keep a copy of this software download the repository Zip archive or clone locally using Mercurial.
It is also possible to export all your personal repositories from the account settings page.
Dependencies: mbed-STM32F103C8T6 mbed
Fork of
Wii_IRCam_Test
by 
Michael Shimniok
Embed:
(wiki syntax)
Show/hide line numbers
MPU9250.h
00001 #ifndef MPU9250_H 00002 #define MPU9250_H 00003 00004 #include "mbed.h" 00005 #include "math.h" 00006 00007 // See also MPU-9250 Register Map and Descriptions, Revision 4.0, RM-MPU-9250A-00, Rev. 1.4, 9/9/2013 for registers not listed in 00008 // above document; the MPU9250 and MPU9150 are virtually identical but the latter has a different register map 00009 // 00010 //Magnetometer Registers 00011 #define AK8963_ADDRESS 0x0C<<1 00012 #define WHO_AM_I_AK8963 0x00 // should return 0x48 00013 #define INFO 0x01 00014 #define AK8963_ST1 0x02 // data ready status bit 0 00015 #define AK8963_XOUT_L 0x03 // data 00016 #define AK8963_XOUT_H 0x04 00017 #define AK8963_YOUT_L 0x05 00018 #define AK8963_YOUT_H 0x06 00019 #define AK8963_ZOUT_L 0x07 00020 #define AK8963_ZOUT_H 0x08 00021 #define AK8963_ST2 0x09 // Data overflow bit 3 and data read error status bit 2 00022 #define AK8963_CNTL 0x0A // Power down (0000), single-measurement (0001), self-test (1000) and Fuse ROM (1111) modes on bits 3:0 00023 #define AK8963_ASTC 0x0C // Self test control 00024 #define AK8963_I2CDIS 0x0F // I2C disable 00025 #define AK8963_ASAX 0x10 // Fuse ROM x-axis sensitivity adjustment value 00026 #define AK8963_ASAY 0x11 // Fuse ROM y-axis sensitivity adjustment value 00027 #define AK8963_ASAZ 0x12 // Fuse ROM z-axis sensitivity adjustment value 00028 00029 #define SELF_TEST_X_GYRO 0x00 00030 #define SELF_TEST_Y_GYRO 0x01 00031 #define SELF_TEST_Z_GYRO 0x02 00032 00033 /*#define X_FINE_GAIN 0x03 // [7:0] fine gain 00034 #define Y_FINE_GAIN 0x04 00035 #define Z_FINE_GAIN 0x05 00036 #define XA_OFFSET_H 0x06 // User-defined trim values for accelerometer 00037 #define XA_OFFSET_L_TC 0x07 00038 #define YA_OFFSET_H 0x08 00039 #define YA_OFFSET_L_TC 0x09 00040 #define ZA_OFFSET_H 0x0A 00041 #define ZA_OFFSET_L_TC 0x0B */ 00042 00043 #define SELF_TEST_X_ACCEL 0x0D 00044 #define SELF_TEST_Y_ACCEL 0x0E 00045 #define SELF_TEST_Z_ACCEL 0x0F 00046 00047 #define SELF_TEST_A 0x10 00048 00049 #define XG_OFFSET_H 0x13 // User-defined trim values for gyroscope 00050 #define XG_OFFSET_L 0x14 00051 #define YG_OFFSET_H 0x15 00052 #define YG_OFFSET_L 0x16 00053 #define ZG_OFFSET_H 0x17 00054 #define ZG_OFFSET_L 0x18 00055 #define SMPLRT_DIV 0x19 00056 #define CONFIG 0x1A 00057 #define GYRO_CONFIG 0x1B 00058 #define ACCEL_CONFIG 0x1C 00059 #define ACCEL_CONFIG2 0x1D 00060 #define LP_ACCEL_ODR 0x1E 00061 #define WOM_THR 0x1F 00062 00063 #define MOT_DUR 0x20 // Duration counter threshold for motion interrupt generation, 1 kHz rate, LSB = 1 ms 00064 #define ZMOT_THR 0x21 // Zero-motion detection threshold bits [7:0] 00065 #define ZRMOT_DUR 0x22 // Duration counter threshold for zero motion interrupt generation, 16 Hz rate, LSB = 64 ms 00066 00067 #define FIFO_EN 0x23 00068 #define I2C_MST_CTRL 0x24 00069 #define I2C_SLV0_ADDR 0x25 00070 #define I2C_SLV0_REG 0x26 00071 #define I2C_SLV0_CTRL 0x27 00072 #define I2C_SLV1_ADDR 0x28 00073 #define I2C_SLV1_REG 0x29 00074 #define I2C_SLV1_CTRL 0x2A 00075 #define I2C_SLV2_ADDR 0x2B 00076 #define I2C_SLV2_REG 0x2C 00077 #define I2C_SLV2_CTRL 0x2D 00078 #define I2C_SLV3_ADDR 0x2E 00079 #define I2C_SLV3_REG 0x2F 00080 #define I2C_SLV3_CTRL 0x30 00081 #define I2C_SLV4_ADDR 0x31 00082 #define I2C_SLV4_REG 0x32 00083 #define I2C_SLV4_DO 0x33 00084 #define I2C_SLV4_CTRL 0x34 00085 #define I2C_SLV4_DI 0x35 00086 #define I2C_MST_STATUS 0x36 00087 #define INT_PIN_CFG 0x37 00088 #define INT_ENABLE 0x38 00089 #define DMP_INT_STATUS 0x39 // Check DMP interrupt 00090 #define INT_STATUS 0x3A 00091 #define ACCEL_XOUT_H 0x3B 00092 #define ACCEL_XOUT_L 0x3C 00093 #define ACCEL_YOUT_H 0x3D 00094 #define ACCEL_YOUT_L 0x3E 00095 #define ACCEL_ZOUT_H 0x3F 00096 #define ACCEL_ZOUT_L 0x40 00097 #define TEMP_OUT_H 0x41 00098 #define TEMP_OUT_L 0x42 00099 #define GYRO_XOUT_H 0x43 00100 #define GYRO_XOUT_L 0x44 00101 #define GYRO_YOUT_H 0x45 00102 #define GYRO_YOUT_L 0x46 00103 #define GYRO_ZOUT_H 0x47 00104 #define GYRO_ZOUT_L 0x48 00105 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_00 0x49 00106 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_01 0x4A 00107 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_02 0x4B 00108 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_03 0x4C 00109 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_04 0x4D 00110 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_05 0x4E 00111 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_06 0x4F 00112 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_07 0x50 00113 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_08 0x51 00114 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_09 0x52 00115 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_10 0x53 00116 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_11 0x54 00117 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_12 0x55 00118 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_13 0x56 00119 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_14 0x57 00120 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_15 0x58 00121 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_16 0x59 00122 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_17 0x5A 00123 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_18 0x5B 00124 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_19 0x5C 00125 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_20 0x5D 00126 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_21 0x5E 00127 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_22 0x5F 00128 #define EXT_SENS_DATA_23 0x60 00129 #define MOT_DETECT_STATUS 0x61 00130 #define I2C_SLV0_DO 0x63 00131 #define I2C_SLV1_DO 0x64 00132 #define I2C_SLV2_DO 0x65 00133 #define I2C_SLV3_DO 0x66 00134 #define I2C_MST_DELAY_CTRL 0x67 00135 #define SIGNAL_PATH_RESET 0x68 00136 #define MOT_DETECT_CTRL 0x69 00137 #define USER_CTRL 0x6A // Bit 7 enable DMP, bit 3 reset DMP 00138 #define PWR_MGMT_1 0x6B // Device defaults to the SLEEP mode 00139 #define PWR_MGMT_2 0x6C 00140 #define DMP_BANK 0x6D // Activates a specific bank in the DMP 00141 #define DMP_RW_PNT 0x6E // Set read/write pointer to a specific start address in specified DMP bank 00142 #define DMP_REG 0x6F // Register in DMP from which to read or to which to write 00143 #define DMP_REG_1 0x70 00144 #define DMP_REG_2 0x71 00145 #define FIFO_COUNTH 0x72 00146 #define FIFO_COUNTL 0x73 00147 #define FIFO_R_W 0x74 00148 #define WHO_AM_I_MPU9250 0x75 // Should return 0x71 00149 #define XA_OFFSET_H 0x77 00150 #define XA_OFFSET_L 0x78 00151 #define YA_OFFSET_H 0x7A 00152 #define YA_OFFSET_L 0x7B 00153 #define ZA_OFFSET_H 0x7D 00154 #define ZA_OFFSET_L 0x7E 00155 00156 // Using the MSENSR-9250 breakout board, ADO is set to 0 00157 // Seven-bit device address is 110100 for ADO = 0 and 110101 for ADO = 1 00158 //mbed uses the eight-bit device address, so shift seven-bit addresses left by one! 00159 #define ADO 0 00160 #if ADO 00161 #define MPU9250_ADDRESS 0x69<<1 // Device address when ADO = 1 00162 #else 00163 #define MPU9250_ADDRESS 0x68<<1 // Device address when ADO = 0 00164 #endif 00165 00166 // Set initial input parameters 00167 enum Ascale { 00168 AFS_2G = 0, 00169 AFS_4G, 00170 AFS_8G, 00171 AFS_16G 00172 }; 00173 00174 enum Gscale { 00175 GFS_250DPS = 0, 00176 GFS_500DPS, 00177 GFS_1000DPS, 00178 GFS_2000DPS 00179 }; 00180 00181 enum Mscale { 00182 MFS_14BITS = 0, // 0.6 mG per LSB 00183 MFS_16BITS // 0.15 mG per LSB 00184 }; 00185 00186 uint8_t Ascale = AFS_2G; // AFS_2G, AFS_4G, AFS_8G, AFS_16G 00187 uint8_t Gscale = GFS_250DPS; // GFS_250DPS, GFS_500DPS, GFS_1000DPS, GFS_2000DPS 00188 uint8_t Mscale = MFS_16BITS; // MFS_14BITS or MFS_16BITS, 14-bit or 16-bit magnetometer resolution 00189 uint8_t Mmode = 0x06; // Either 8 Hz 0x02) or 100 Hz (0x06) magnetometer data ODR 00190 float aRes, gRes, mRes; // scale resolutions per LSB for the sensors 00191 00192 //Set up I2C, (SDA,SCL) 00193 I2C i2c(PB_9, PB_8); 00194 00195 DigitalOut myled(LED1); 00196 00197 // Pin definitions 00198 int intPin = 12; // These can be changed, 2 and 3 are the Arduinos ext int pins 00199 00200 int16_t accelCount[3]; // Stores the 16-bit signed accelerometer sensor output 00201 int16_t gyroCount[3]; // Stores the 16-bit signed gyro sensor output 00202 int16_t magCount[3]; // Stores the 16-bit signed magnetometer sensor output 00203 float magCalibration[3] = {0, 0, 0}, magbias[3] = {0, 0, 0}; // Factory mag calibration and mag bias 00204 float gyroBias[3] = {0, 0, 0}, accelBias[3] = {0, 0, 0}; // Bias corrections for gyro and accelerometer 00205 float ax, ay, az, gx, gy, gz, mx, my, mz; // variables to hold latest sensor data values 00206 int16_t tempCount; // Stores the real internal chip temperature in degrees Celsius 00207 float temperature; 00208 float SelfTest[6]; 00209 00210 int delt_t = 0; // used to control display output rate 00211 int count = 0; // used to control display output rate 00212 00213 // parameters for 6 DoF sensor fusion calculations 00214 float PI = 3.14159265358979323846f; 00215 float GyroMeasError = PI * (60.0f / 180.0f); // gyroscope measurement error in rads/s (start at 60 deg/s), then reduce after ~10 s to 3 00216 float beta = sqrt(3.0f / 4.0f) * GyroMeasError; // compute beta 00217 float GyroMeasDrift = PI * (1.0f / 180.0f); // gyroscope measurement drift in rad/s/s (start at 0.0 deg/s/s) 00218 float zeta = sqrt(3.0f / 4.0f) * GyroMeasDrift; // compute zeta, the other free parameter in the Madgwick scheme usually set to a small or zero value 00219 #define Kp 2.0f * 5.0f // these are the free parameters in the Mahony filter and fusion scheme, Kp for proportional feedback, Ki for integral 00220 #define Ki 0.0f 00221 00222 float pitch, yaw, roll; 00223 float deltat = 0.0f; // integration interval for both filter schemes 00224 int lastUpdate = 0, firstUpdate = 0, Now = 0; // used to calculate integration interval // used to calculate integration interval 00225 float q[4] = {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}; // vector to hold quaternion 00226 float eInt[3] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}; // vector to hold integral error for Mahony method 00227 00228 class MPU9250 00229 { 00230 00231 protected: 00232 00233 public: 00234 //=================================================================================================================== 00235 //====== Set of useful function to access acceleratio, gyroscope, and temperature data 00236 //=================================================================================================================== 00237 00238 void writeByte(uint8_t address, uint8_t subAddress, uint8_t data) { 00239 char data_write[2]; 00240 data_write[0] = subAddress; 00241 data_write[1] = data; 00242 i2c.write(address, data_write, 2, 0); 00243 } 00244 00245 char readByte(uint8_t address, uint8_t subAddress) { 00246 char data[1]; // `data` will store the register data 00247 char data_write[1]; 00248 data_write[0] = subAddress; 00249 i2c.write(address, data_write, 1, 1); // no stop 00250 i2c.read(address, data, 1, 0); 00251 return data[0]; 00252 } 00253 00254 void readBytes(uint8_t address, uint8_t subAddress, uint8_t count, uint8_t * dest) { 00255 char data[14]; 00256 char data_write[1]; 00257 data_write[0] = subAddress; 00258 i2c.write(address, data_write, 1, 1); // no stop 00259 i2c.read(address, data, count, 0); 00260 for(int ii = 0; ii < count; ii++) { 00261 dest[ii] = data[ii]; 00262 } 00263 } 00264 00265 00266 void getMres() { 00267 switch (Mscale) { 00268 // Possible magnetometer scales (and their register bit settings) are: 00269 // 14 bit resolution (0) and 16 bit resolution (1) 00270 case MFS_14BITS: 00271 mRes = 10.0*4219.0/8190.0; // Proper scale to return milliGauss 00272 break; 00273 case MFS_16BITS: 00274 mRes = 10.0*4219.0/32760.0; // Proper scale to return milliGauss 00275 break; 00276 } 00277 } 00278 00279 00280 void getGres() { 00281 switch (Gscale) { 00282 // Possible gyro scales (and their register bit settings) are: 00283 // 250 DPS (00), 500 DPS (01), 1000 DPS (10), and 2000 DPS (11). 00284 // Here's a bit of an algorith to calculate DPS/(ADC tick) based on that 2-bit value: 00285 case GFS_250DPS: 00286 gRes = 250.0/32768.0; 00287 break; 00288 case GFS_500DPS: 00289 gRes = 500.0/32768.0; 00290 break; 00291 case GFS_1000DPS: 00292 gRes = 1000.0/32768.0; 00293 break; 00294 case GFS_2000DPS: 00295 gRes = 2000.0/32768.0; 00296 break; 00297 } 00298 } 00299 00300 00301 void getAres() { 00302 switch (Ascale) { 00303 // Possible accelerometer scales (and their register bit settings) are: 00304 // 2 Gs (00), 4 Gs (01), 8 Gs (10), and 16 Gs (11). 00305 // Here's a bit of an algorith to calculate DPS/(ADC tick) based on that 2-bit value: 00306 case AFS_2G: 00307 aRes = 2.0/32768.0; 00308 break; 00309 case AFS_4G: 00310 aRes = 4.0/32768.0; 00311 break; 00312 case AFS_8G: 00313 aRes = 8.0/32768.0; 00314 break; 00315 case AFS_16G: 00316 aRes = 16.0/32768.0; 00317 break; 00318 } 00319 } 00320 00321 00322 void readAccelData(int16_t * destination) { 00323 uint8_t rawData[6]; // x/y/z accel register data stored here 00324 readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_XOUT_H, 6, &rawData[0]); // Read the six raw data registers into data array 00325 destination[0] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[0] << 8) | rawData[1]) ; // Turn the MSB and LSB into a signed 16-bit value 00326 destination[1] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[2] << 8) | rawData[3]) ; 00327 destination[2] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[4] << 8) | rawData[5]) ; 00328 } 00329 00330 void readGyroData(int16_t * destination) { 00331 uint8_t rawData[6]; // x/y/z gyro register data stored here 00332 readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_XOUT_H, 6, &rawData[0]); // Read the six raw data registers sequentially into data array 00333 destination[0] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[0] << 8) | rawData[1]) ; // Turn the MSB and LSB into a signed 16-bit value 00334 destination[1] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[2] << 8) | rawData[3]) ; 00335 destination[2] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[4] << 8) | rawData[5]) ; 00336 } 00337 00338 void readMagData(int16_t * destination) { 00339 uint8_t rawData[7]; // x/y/z gyro register data, ST2 register stored here, must read ST2 at end of data acquisition 00340 if(readByte(AK8963_ADDRESS, AK8963_ST1) & 0x01) { // wait for magnetometer data ready bit to be set 00341 readBytes(AK8963_ADDRESS, AK8963_XOUT_L, 7, &rawData[0]); // Read the six raw data and ST2 registers sequentially into data array 00342 uint8_t c = rawData[6]; // End data read by reading ST2 register 00343 if(!(c & 0x08)) { // Check if magnetic sensor overflow set, if not then report data 00344 destination[0] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[1] << 8) | rawData[0]); // Turn the MSB and LSB into a signed 16-bit value 00345 destination[1] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[3] << 8) | rawData[2]) ; // Data stored as little Endian 00346 destination[2] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[5] << 8) | rawData[4]) ; 00347 } 00348 } 00349 } 00350 00351 int16_t readTempData() { 00352 uint8_t rawData[2]; // x/y/z gyro register data stored here 00353 readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, TEMP_OUT_H, 2, &rawData[0]); // Read the two raw data registers sequentially into data array 00354 return (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[0]) << 8 | rawData[1]) ; // Turn the MSB and LSB into a 16-bit value 00355 } 00356 00357 00358 void resetMPU9250() { 00359 // reset device 00360 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, PWR_MGMT_1, 0x80); // Write a one to bit 7 reset bit; toggle reset device 00361 wait(0.1); 00362 } 00363 00364 void initAK8963(float * destination) { 00365 // First extract the factory calibration for each magnetometer axis 00366 uint8_t rawData[3]; // x/y/z gyro calibration data stored here 00367 writeByte(AK8963_ADDRESS, AK8963_CNTL, 0x00); // Power down magnetometer 00368 wait(0.01); 00369 (AK8963_ADDRESS, AK8963_CNTL, 0x0F); // Enter Fuse ROM access mode 00370 wait(0.01); 00371 readBytes(AK8963_ADDRESS, AK8963_ASAX, 3, &rawData[0]); // Read the x-, y-, and z-axis calibration values 00372 destination[0] = (float)(rawData[0] - 128)/256.0f + 1.0f; // Return x-axis sensitivity adjustment values, etc. 00373 destination[1] = (float)(rawData[1] - 128)/256.0f + 1.0f; 00374 destination[2] = (float)(rawData[2] - 128)/256.0f + 1.0f; 00375 writeByte(AK8963_ADDRESS, AK8963_CNTL, 0x00); // Power down magnetometer 00376 wait(0.01); 00377 // Configure the magnetometer for continuous read and highest resolution 00378 // set Mscale bit 4 to 1 (0) to enable 16 (14) bit resolution in CNTL register, 00379 // and enable continuous mode data acquisition Mmode (bits [3:0]), 0010 for 8 Hz and 0110 for 100 Hz sample rates 00380 writeByte(AK8963_ADDRESS, AK8963_CNTL, Mscale << 4 | Mmode); // Set magnetometer data resolution and sample ODR 00381 wait(0.01); 00382 } 00383 00384 00385 void initMPU9250() { 00386 // Initialize MPU9250 device 00387 // wake up device 00388 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, PWR_MGMT_1, 0x00); // Clear sleep mode bit (6), enable all sensors 00389 wait(0.1); // Delay 100 ms for PLL to get established on x-axis gyro; should check for PLL ready interrupt 00390 00391 // get stable time source 00392 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, PWR_MGMT_1, 0x01); // Set clock source to be PLL with x-axis gyroscope reference, bits 2:0 = 001 00393 00394 // Configure Gyro and Accelerometer 00395 // Disable FSYNC and set accelerometer and gyro bandwidth to 44 and 42 Hz, respectively; 00396 // DLPF_CFG = bits 2:0 = 010; this sets the sample rate at 1 kHz for both 00397 // Maximum delay is 4.9 ms which is just over a 200 Hz maximum rate 00398 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, CONFIG, 0x03); 00399 00400 // Set sample rate = gyroscope output rate/(1 + SMPLRT_DIV) 00401 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SMPLRT_DIV, 0x04); // Use a 200 Hz rate; the same rate set in CONFIG above 00402 00403 // Set gyroscope full scale range 00404 // Range selects FS_SEL and AFS_SEL are 0 - 3, so 2-bit values are left-shifted into positions 4:3 00405 uint8_t c = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG); 00406 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG, c & ~0xE0); // Clear self-test bits [7:5] 00407 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG, c & ~0x18); // Clear AFS bits [4:3] 00408 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG, c | Gscale << 3); // Set full scale range for the gyro 00409 00410 // Set accelerometer configuration 00411 c = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG); 00412 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG, c & ~0xE0); // Clear self-test bits [7:5] 00413 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG, c & ~0x18); // Clear AFS bits [4:3] 00414 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG, c | Ascale << 3); // Set full scale range for the accelerometer 00415 00416 // Set accelerometer sample rate configuration 00417 // It is possible to get a 4 kHz sample rate from the accelerometer by choosing 1 for 00418 // accel_fchoice_b bit [3]; in this case the bandwidth is 1.13 kHz 00419 c = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG2); 00420 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG2, c & ~0x0F); // Clear accel_fchoice_b (bit 3) and A_DLPFG (bits [2:0]) 00421 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG2, c | 0x03); // Set accelerometer rate to 1 kHz and bandwidth to 41 Hz 00422 00423 // The accelerometer, gyro, and thermometer are set to 1 kHz sample rates, 00424 // but all these rates are further reduced by a factor of 5 to 200 Hz because of the SMPLRT_DIV setting 00425 00426 // Configure Interrupts and Bypass Enable 00427 // Set interrupt pin active high, push-pull, and clear on read of INT_STATUS, enable I2C_BYPASS_EN so additional chips 00428 // can join the I2C bus and all can be controlled by the Arduino as master 00429 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, INT_PIN_CFG, 0x22); 00430 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, INT_ENABLE, 0x01); // Enable data ready (bit 0) interrupt 00431 } 00432 00433 // Function which accumulates gyro and accelerometer data after device initialization. It calculates the average 00434 // of the at-rest readings and then loads the resulting offsets into accelerometer and gyro bias registers. 00435 void calibrateMPU9250(float * dest1, float * dest2) { 00436 uint8_t data[12]; // data array to hold accelerometer and gyro x, y, z, data 00437 uint16_t ii, packet_count, fifo_count; 00438 int32_t gyro_bias[3] = {0, 0, 0}, accel_bias[3] = {0, 0, 0}; 00439 00440 // reset device, reset all registers, clear gyro and accelerometer bias registers 00441 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, PWR_MGMT_1, 0x80); // Write a one to bit 7 reset bit; toggle reset device 00442 wait(0.1); 00443 00444 // get stable time source 00445 // Set clock source to be PLL with x-axis gyroscope reference, bits 2:0 = 001 00446 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, PWR_MGMT_1, 0x01); 00447 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, PWR_MGMT_2, 0x00); 00448 wait(0.2); 00449 00450 // Configure device for bias calculation 00451 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, INT_ENABLE, 0x00); // Disable all interrupts 00452 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, FIFO_EN, 0x00); // Disable FIFO 00453 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, PWR_MGMT_1, 0x00); // Turn on internal clock source 00454 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, I2C_MST_CTRL, 0x00); // Disable I2C master 00455 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, USER_CTRL, 0x00); // Disable FIFO and I2C master modes 00456 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, USER_CTRL, 0x0C); // Reset FIFO and DMP 00457 wait(0.015); 00458 00459 // Configure MPU9250 gyro and accelerometer for bias calculation 00460 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, CONFIG, 0x01); // Set low-pass filter to 188 Hz 00461 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SMPLRT_DIV, 0x00); // Set sample rate to 1 kHz 00462 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG, 0x00); // Set gyro full-scale to 250 degrees per second, maximum sensitivity 00463 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG, 0x00); // Set accelerometer full-scale to 2 g, maximum sensitivity 00464 00465 uint16_t gyrosensitivity = 131; // = 131 LSB/degrees/sec 00466 uint16_t accelsensitivity = 16384; // = 16384 LSB/g 00467 00468 // Configure FIFO to capture accelerometer and gyro data for bias calculation 00469 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, USER_CTRL, 0x40); // Enable FIFO 00470 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, FIFO_EN, 0x78); // Enable gyro and accelerometer sensors for FIFO (max size 512 bytes in MPU-9250) 00471 wait(0.04); // accumulate 40 samples in 80 milliseconds = 480 bytes 00472 00473 // At end of sample accumulation, turn off FIFO sensor read 00474 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, FIFO_EN, 0x00); // Disable gyro and accelerometer sensors for FIFO 00475 readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, FIFO_COUNTH, 2, &data[0]); // read FIFO sample count 00476 fifo_count = ((uint16_t)data[0] << 8) | data[1]; 00477 packet_count = fifo_count/12;// How many sets of full gyro and accelerometer data for averaging 00478 00479 for (ii = 0; ii < packet_count; ii++) { 00480 int16_t accel_temp[3] = {0, 0, 0}, gyro_temp[3] = {0, 0, 0}; 00481 readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, FIFO_R_W, 12, &data[0]); // read data for averaging 00482 accel_temp[0] = (int16_t) (((int16_t)data[0] << 8) | data[1] ) ; // Form signed 16-bit integer for each sample in FIFO 00483 accel_temp[1] = (int16_t) (((int16_t)data[2] << 8) | data[3] ) ; 00484 accel_temp[2] = (int16_t) (((int16_t)data[4] << 8) | data[5] ) ; 00485 gyro_temp[0] = (int16_t) (((int16_t)data[6] << 8) | data[7] ) ; 00486 gyro_temp[1] = (int16_t) (((int16_t)data[8] << 8) | data[9] ) ; 00487 gyro_temp[2] = (int16_t) (((int16_t)data[10] << 8) | data[11]) ; 00488 00489 accel_bias[0] += (int32_t) accel_temp[0]; // Sum individual signed 16-bit biases to get accumulated signed 32-bit biases 00490 accel_bias[1] += (int32_t) accel_temp[1]; 00491 accel_bias[2] += (int32_t) accel_temp[2]; 00492 gyro_bias[0] += (int32_t) gyro_temp[0]; 00493 gyro_bias[1] += (int32_t) gyro_temp[1]; 00494 gyro_bias[2] += (int32_t) gyro_temp[2]; 00495 00496 } 00497 accel_bias[0] /= (int32_t) packet_count; // Normalize sums to get average count biases 00498 accel_bias[1] /= (int32_t) packet_count; 00499 accel_bias[2] /= (int32_t) packet_count; 00500 gyro_bias[0] /= (int32_t) packet_count; 00501 gyro_bias[1] /= (int32_t) packet_count; 00502 gyro_bias[2] /= (int32_t) packet_count; 00503 00504 if(accel_bias[2] > 0L) { 00505 accel_bias[2] -= (int32_t) accelsensitivity; // Remove gravity from the z-axis accelerometer bias calculation 00506 } else { 00507 accel_bias[2] += (int32_t) accelsensitivity; 00508 } 00509 00510 // Construct the gyro biases for push to the hardware gyro bias registers, which are reset to zero upon device startup 00511 data[0] = (-gyro_bias[0]/4 >> 8) & 0xFF; // Divide by 4 to get 32.9 LSB per deg/s to conform to expected bias input format 00512 data[1] = (-gyro_bias[0]/4) & 0xFF; // Biases are additive, so change sign on calculated average gyro biases 00513 data[2] = (-gyro_bias[1]/4 >> 8) & 0xFF; 00514 data[3] = (-gyro_bias[1]/4) & 0xFF; 00515 data[4] = (-gyro_bias[2]/4 >> 8) & 0xFF; 00516 data[5] = (-gyro_bias[2]/4) & 0xFF; 00517 00518 /// Push gyro biases to hardware registers 00519 /* writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, XG_OFFSET_H, data[0]); 00520 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, XG_OFFSET_L, data[1]); 00521 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, YG_OFFSET_H, data[2]); 00522 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, YG_OFFSET_L, data[3]); 00523 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ZG_OFFSET_H, data[4]); 00524 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ZG_OFFSET_L, data[5]); 00525 */ 00526 dest1[0] = (float) gyro_bias[0]/(float) gyrosensitivity; // construct gyro bias in deg/s for later manual subtraction 00527 dest1[1] = (float) gyro_bias[1]/(float) gyrosensitivity; 00528 dest1[2] = (float) gyro_bias[2]/(float) gyrosensitivity; 00529 00530 // Construct the accelerometer biases for push to the hardware accelerometer bias registers. These registers contain 00531 // factory trim values which must be added to the calculated accelerometer biases; on boot up these registers will hold 00532 // non-zero values. In addition, bit 0 of the lower byte must be preserved since it is used for temperature 00533 // compensation calculations. Accelerometer bias registers expect bias input as 2048 LSB per g, so that 00534 // the accelerometer biases calculated above must be divided by 8. 00535 00536 int32_t accel_bias_reg[3] = {0, 0, 0}; // A place to hold the factory accelerometer trim biases 00537 readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, XA_OFFSET_H, 2, &data[0]); // Read factory accelerometer trim values 00538 accel_bias_reg[0] = (int16_t) ((int16_t)data[0] << 8) | data[1]; 00539 readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, YA_OFFSET_H, 2, &data[0]); 00540 accel_bias_reg[1] = (int16_t) ((int16_t)data[0] << 8) | data[1]; 00541 readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ZA_OFFSET_H, 2, &data[0]); 00542 accel_bias_reg[2] = (int16_t) ((int16_t)data[0] << 8) | data[1]; 00543 00544 uint32_t mask = 1uL; // Define mask for temperature compensation bit 0 of lower byte of accelerometer bias registers 00545 uint8_t mask_bit[3] = {0, 0, 0}; // Define array to hold mask bit for each accelerometer bias axis 00546 00547 for(ii = 0; ii < 3; ii++) { 00548 if(accel_bias_reg[ii] & mask) mask_bit[ii] = 0x01; // If temperature compensation bit is set, record that fact in mask_bit 00549 } 00550 00551 // Construct total accelerometer bias, including calculated average accelerometer bias from above 00552 accel_bias_reg[0] -= (accel_bias[0]/8); // Subtract calculated averaged accelerometer bias scaled to 2048 LSB/g (16 g full scale) 00553 accel_bias_reg[1] -= (accel_bias[1]/8); 00554 accel_bias_reg[2] -= (accel_bias[2]/8); 00555 00556 data[0] = (accel_bias_reg[0] >> 8) & 0xFF; 00557 data[1] = (accel_bias_reg[0]) & 0xFF; 00558 data[1] = data[1] | mask_bit[0]; // preserve temperature compensation bit when writing back to accelerometer bias registers 00559 data[2] = (accel_bias_reg[1] >> 8) & 0xFF; 00560 data[3] = (accel_bias_reg[1]) & 0xFF; 00561 data[3] = data[3] | mask_bit[1]; // preserve temperature compensation bit when writing back to accelerometer bias registers 00562 data[4] = (accel_bias_reg[2] >> 8) & 0xFF; 00563 data[5] = (accel_bias_reg[2]) & 0xFF; 00564 data[5] = data[5] | mask_bit[2]; // preserve temperature compensation bit when writing back to accelerometer bias registers 00565 00566 // Apparently this is not working for the acceleration biases in the MPU-9250 00567 // Are we handling the temperature correction bit properly? 00568 // Push accelerometer biases to hardware registers 00569 /* writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, XA_OFFSET_H, data[0]); 00570 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, XA_OFFSET_L, data[1]); 00571 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, YA_OFFSET_H, data[2]); 00572 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, YA_OFFSET_L, data[3]); 00573 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ZA_OFFSET_H, data[4]); 00574 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ZA_OFFSET_L, data[5]); 00575 */ 00576 // Output scaled accelerometer biases for manual subtraction in the main program 00577 dest2[0] = (float)accel_bias[0]/(float)accelsensitivity; 00578 dest2[1] = (float)accel_bias[1]/(float)accelsensitivity; 00579 dest2[2] = (float)accel_bias[2]/(float)accelsensitivity; 00580 } 00581 00582 00583 // Accelerometer and gyroscope self test; check calibration wrt factory settings 00584 void MPU9250SelfTest(float * destination) { // Should return percent deviation from factory trim values, +/- 14 or less deviation is a pass 00585 uint8_t rawData[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}; 00586 uint8_t selfTest[6]; 00587 int16_t gAvg[3], aAvg[3], aSTAvg[3], gSTAvg[3]; 00588 float factoryTrim[6]; 00589 uint8_t FS = 0; 00590 00591 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SMPLRT_DIV, 0x00); // Set gyro sample rate to 1 kHz 00592 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, CONFIG, 0x02); // Set gyro sample rate to 1 kHz and DLPF to 92 Hz 00593 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG, 1<<FS); // Set full scale range for the gyro to 250 dps 00594 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG2, 0x02); // Set accelerometer rate to 1 kHz and bandwidth to 92 Hz 00595 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG, 1<<FS); // Set full scale range for the accelerometer to 2 g 00596 00597 for( int ii = 0; ii < 200; ii++) { // get average current values of gyro and acclerometer 00598 00599 readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_XOUT_H, 6, &rawData[0]); // Read the six raw data registers into data array 00600 aAvg[0] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[0] << 8) | rawData[1]) ; // Turn the MSB and LSB into a signed 16-bit value 00601 aAvg[1] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[2] << 8) | rawData[3]) ; 00602 aAvg[2] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[4] << 8) | rawData[5]) ; 00603 00604 readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_XOUT_H, 6, &rawData[0]); // Read the six raw data registers sequentially into data array 00605 gAvg[0] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[0] << 8) | rawData[1]) ; // Turn the MSB and LSB into a signed 16-bit value 00606 gAvg[1] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[2] << 8) | rawData[3]) ; 00607 gAvg[2] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[4] << 8) | rawData[5]) ; 00608 } 00609 00610 for (int ii =0; ii < 3; ii++) { // Get average of 200 values and store as average current readings 00611 aAvg[ii] /= 200; 00612 gAvg[ii] /= 200; 00613 } 00614 00615 // Configure the accelerometer for self-test 00616 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG, 0xE0); // Enable self test on all three axes and set accelerometer range to +/- 2 g 00617 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG, 0xE0); // Enable self test on all three axes and set gyro range to +/- 250 degrees/s 00618 wait(0.025); // Delay a while to let the device stabilize 00619 00620 for( int ii = 0; ii < 200; ii++) { // get average self-test values of gyro and acclerometer 00621 00622 readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_XOUT_H, 6, &rawData[0]); // Read the six raw data registers into data array 00623 aSTAvg[0] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[0] << 8) | rawData[1]) ; // Turn the MSB and LSB into a signed 16-bit value 00624 aSTAvg[1] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[2] << 8) | rawData[3]) ; 00625 aSTAvg[2] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[4] << 8) | rawData[5]) ; 00626 00627 readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_XOUT_H, 6, &rawData[0]); // Read the six raw data registers sequentially into data array 00628 gSTAvg[0] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[0] << 8) | rawData[1]) ; // Turn the MSB and LSB into a signed 16-bit value 00629 gSTAvg[1] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[2] << 8) | rawData[3]) ; 00630 gSTAvg[2] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[4] << 8) | rawData[5]) ; 00631 } 00632 00633 for (int ii =0; ii < 3; ii++) { // Get average of 200 values and store as average self-test readings 00634 aSTAvg[ii] /= 200; 00635 gSTAvg[ii] /= 200; 00636 } 00637 00638 // Configure the gyro and accelerometer for normal operation 00639 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG, 0x00); 00640 writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG, 0x00); 00641 wait(0.025); // Delay a while to let the device stabilize 00642 00643 // Retrieve accelerometer and gyro factory Self-Test Code from USR_Reg 00644 selfTest[0] = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SELF_TEST_X_ACCEL); // X-axis accel self-test results 00645 selfTest[1] = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SELF_TEST_Y_ACCEL); // Y-axis accel self-test results 00646 selfTest[2] = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SELF_TEST_Z_ACCEL); // Z-axis accel self-test results 00647 selfTest[3] = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SELF_TEST_X_GYRO); // X-axis gyro self-test results 00648 selfTest[4] = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SELF_TEST_Y_GYRO); // Y-axis gyro self-test results 00649 selfTest[5] = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SELF_TEST_Z_GYRO); // Z-axis gyro self-test results 00650 00651 // Retrieve factory self-test value from self-test code reads 00652 factoryTrim[0] = (float)(2620/1<<FS)*(pow( 1.01 , ((float)selfTest[0] - 1.0) )); // FT[Xa] factory trim calculation 00653 factoryTrim[1] = (float)(2620/1<<FS)*(pow( 1.01 , ((float)selfTest[1] - 1.0) )); // FT[Ya] factory trim calculation 00654 factoryTrim[2] = (float)(2620/1<<FS)*(pow( 1.01 , ((float)selfTest[2] - 1.0) )); // FT[Za] factory trim calculation 00655 factoryTrim[3] = (float)(2620/1<<FS)*(pow( 1.01 , ((float)selfTest[3] - 1.0) )); // FT[Xg] factory trim calculation 00656 factoryTrim[4] = (float)(2620/1<<FS)*(pow( 1.01 , ((float)selfTest[4] - 1.0) )); // FT[Yg] factory trim calculation 00657 factoryTrim[5] = (float)(2620/1<<FS)*(pow( 1.01 , ((float)selfTest[5] - 1.0) )); // FT[Zg] factory trim calculation 00658 00659 // Report results as a ratio of (STR - FT)/FT; the change from Factory Trim of the Self-Test Response 00660 // To get percent, must multiply by 100 00661 for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { 00662 destination[i] = 100.0*((float)(aSTAvg[i] - aAvg[i]))/factoryTrim[i]; // Report percent differences 00663 destination[i+3] = 100.0*((float)(gSTAvg[i] - gAvg[i]))/factoryTrim[i+3]; // Report percent differences 00664 } 00665 00666 } 00667 00668 00669 00670 // Implementation of Sebastian Madgwick's "...efficient orientation filter for... inertial/magnetic sensor arrays" 00671 // (see http://www.x-io.co.uk/category/open-source/ for examples and more details) 00672 // which fuses acceleration, rotation rate, and magnetic moments to produce a quaternion-based estimate of absolute 00673 // device orientation -- which can be converted to yaw, pitch, and roll. Useful for stabilizing quadcopters, etc. 00674 // The performance of the orientation filter is at least as good as conventional Kalman-based filtering algorithms 00675 // but is much less computationally intensive---it can be performed on a 3.3 V Pro Mini operating at 8 MHz! 00676 void MadgwickQuaternionUpdate(float ax, float ay, float az, float gx, float gy, float gz, float mx, float my, float mz) { 00677 float q1 = q[0], q2 = q[1], q3 = q[2], q4 = q[3]; // short name local variable for readability 00678 float norm; 00679 float hx, hy, _2bx, _2bz; 00680 float s1, s2, s3, s4; 00681 float qDot1, qDot2, qDot3, qDot4; 00682 00683 // Auxiliary variables to avoid repeated arithmetic 00684 float _2q1mx; 00685 float _2q1my; 00686 float _2q1mz; 00687 float _2q2mx; 00688 float _4bx; 00689 float _4bz; 00690 float _2q1 = 2.0f * q1; 00691 float _2q2 = 2.0f * q2; 00692 float _2q3 = 2.0f * q3; 00693 float _2q4 = 2.0f * q4; 00694 float _2q1q3 = 2.0f * q1 * q3; 00695 float _2q3q4 = 2.0f * q3 * q4; 00696 float q1q1 = q1 * q1; 00697 float q1q2 = q1 * q2; 00698 float q1q3 = q1 * q3; 00699 float q1q4 = q1 * q4; 00700 float q2q2 = q2 * q2; 00701 float q2q3 = q2 * q3; 00702 float q2q4 = q2 * q4; 00703 float q3q3 = q3 * q3; 00704 float q3q4 = q3 * q4; 00705 float q4q4 = q4 * q4; 00706 00707 // Normalise accelerometer measurement 00708 norm = sqrt(ax * ax + ay * ay + az * az); 00709 if (norm == 0.0f) return; // handle NaN 00710 norm = 1.0f/norm; 00711 ax *= norm; 00712 ay *= norm; 00713 az *= norm; 00714 00715 // Normalise magnetometer measurement 00716 norm = sqrt(mx * mx + my * my + mz * mz); 00717 if (norm == 0.0f) return; // handle NaN 00718 norm = 1.0f/norm; 00719 mx *= norm; 00720 my *= norm; 00721 mz *= norm; 00722 00723 // Reference direction of Earth's magnetic field 00724 _2q1mx = 2.0f * q1 * mx; 00725 _2q1my = 2.0f * q1 * my; 00726 _2q1mz = 2.0f * q1 * mz; 00727 _2q2mx = 2.0f * q2 * mx; 00728 hx = mx * q1q1 - _2q1my * q4 + _2q1mz * q3 + mx * q2q2 + _2q2 * my * q3 + _2q2 * mz * q4 - mx * q3q3 - mx * q4q4; 00729 hy = _2q1mx * q4 + my * q1q1 - _2q1mz * q2 + _2q2mx * q3 - my * q2q2 + my * q3q3 + _2q3 * mz * q4 - my * q4q4; 00730 _2bx = sqrt(hx * hx + hy * hy); 00731 _2bz = -_2q1mx * q3 + _2q1my * q2 + mz * q1q1 + _2q2mx * q4 - mz * q2q2 + _2q3 * my * q4 - mz * q3q3 + mz * q4q4; 00732 _4bx = 2.0f * _2bx; 00733 _4bz = 2.0f * _2bz; 00734 00735 // Gradient decent algorithm corrective step 00736 s1 = -_2q3 * (2.0f * q2q4 - _2q1q3 - ax) + _2q2 * (2.0f * q1q2 + _2q3q4 - ay) - _2bz * q3 * (_2bx * (0.5f - q3q3 - q4q4) + _2bz * (q2q4 - q1q3) - mx) + (-_2bx * q4 + _2bz * q2) * (_2bx * (q2q3 - q1q4) + _2bz * (q1q2 + q3q4) - my) + _2bx * q3 * (_2bx * (q1q3 + q2q4) + _2bz * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3) - mz); 00737 s2 = _2q4 * (2.0f * q2q4 - _2q1q3 - ax) + _2q1 * (2.0f * q1q2 + _2q3q4 - ay) - 4.0f * q2 * (1.0f - 2.0f * q2q2 - 2.0f * q3q3 - az) + _2bz * q4 * (_2bx * (0.5f - q3q3 - q4q4) + _2bz * (q2q4 - q1q3) - mx) + (_2bx * q3 + _2bz * q1) * (_2bx * (q2q3 - q1q4) + _2bz * (q1q2 + q3q4) - my) + (_2bx * q4 - _4bz * q2) * (_2bx * (q1q3 + q2q4) + _2bz * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3) - mz); 00738 s3 = -_2q1 * (2.0f * q2q4 - _2q1q3 - ax) + _2q4 * (2.0f * q1q2 + _2q3q4 - ay) - 4.0f * q3 * (1.0f - 2.0f * q2q2 - 2.0f * q3q3 - az) + (-_4bx * q3 - _2bz * q1) * (_2bx * (0.5f - q3q3 - q4q4) + _2bz * (q2q4 - q1q3) - mx) + (_2bx * q2 + _2bz * q4) * (_2bx * (q2q3 - q1q4) + _2bz * (q1q2 + q3q4) - my) + (_2bx * q1 - _4bz * q3) * (_2bx * (q1q3 + q2q4) + _2bz * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3) - mz); 00739 s4 = _2q2 * (2.0f * q2q4 - _2q1q3 - ax) + _2q3 * (2.0f * q1q2 + _2q3q4 - ay) + (-_4bx * q4 + _2bz * q2) * (_2bx * (0.5f - q3q3 - q4q4) + _2bz * (q2q4 - q1q3) - mx) + (-_2bx * q1 + _2bz * q3) * (_2bx * (q2q3 - q1q4) + _2bz * (q1q2 + q3q4) - my) + _2bx * q2 * (_2bx * (q1q3 + q2q4) + _2bz * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3) - mz); 00740 norm = sqrt(s1 * s1 + s2 * s2 + s3 * s3 + s4 * s4); // normalise step magnitude 00741 norm = 1.0f/norm; 00742 s1 *= norm; 00743 s2 *= norm; 00744 s3 *= norm; 00745 s4 *= norm; 00746 00747 // Compute rate of change of quaternion 00748 qDot1 = 0.5f * (-q2 * gx - q3 * gy - q4 * gz) - beta * s1; 00749 qDot2 = 0.5f * (q1 * gx + q3 * gz - q4 * gy) - beta * s2; 00750 qDot3 = 0.5f * (q1 * gy - q2 * gz + q4 * gx) - beta * s3; 00751 qDot4 = 0.5f * (q1 * gz + q2 * gy - q3 * gx) - beta * s4; 00752 00753 // Integrate to yield quaternion 00754 q1 += qDot1 * deltat; 00755 q2 += qDot2 * deltat; 00756 q3 += qDot3 * deltat; 00757 q4 += qDot4 * deltat; 00758 norm = sqrt(q1 * q1 + q2 * q2 + q3 * q3 + q4 * q4); // normalise quaternion 00759 norm = 1.0f/norm; 00760 q[0] = q1 * norm; 00761 q[1] = q2 * norm; 00762 q[2] = q3 * norm; 00763 q[3] = q4 * norm; 00764 00765 } 00766 00767 00768 00769 // Similar to Madgwick scheme but uses proportional and integral filtering on the error between estimated reference vectors and 00770 // measured ones. 00771 void MahonyQuaternionUpdate(float ax, float ay, float az, float gx, float gy, float gz, float mx, float my, float mz) { 00772 float q1 = q[0], q2 = q[1], q3 = q[2], q4 = q[3]; // short name local variable for readability 00773 float norm; 00774 float hx, hy, bx, bz; 00775 float vx, vy, vz, wx, wy, wz; 00776 float ex, ey, ez; 00777 float pa, pb, pc; 00778 00779 // Auxiliary variables to avoid repeated arithmetic 00780 float q1q1 = q1 * q1; 00781 float q1q2 = q1 * q2; 00782 float q1q3 = q1 * q3; 00783 float q1q4 = q1 * q4; 00784 float q2q2 = q2 * q2; 00785 float q2q3 = q2 * q3; 00786 float q2q4 = q2 * q4; 00787 float q3q3 = q3 * q3; 00788 float q3q4 = q3 * q4; 00789 float q4q4 = q4 * q4; 00790 00791 // Normalise accelerometer measurement 00792 norm = sqrt(ax * ax + ay * ay + az * az); 00793 if (norm == 0.0f) return; // handle NaN 00794 norm = 1.0f / norm; // use reciprocal for division 00795 ax *= norm; 00796 ay *= norm; 00797 az *= norm; 00798 00799 // Normalise magnetometer measurement 00800 norm = sqrt(mx * mx + my * my + mz * mz); 00801 if (norm == 0.0f) return; // handle NaN 00802 norm = 1.0f / norm; // use reciprocal for division 00803 mx *= norm; 00804 my *= norm; 00805 mz *= norm; 00806 00807 // Reference direction of Earth's magnetic field 00808 hx = 2.0f * mx * (0.5f - q3q3 - q4q4) + 2.0f * my * (q2q3 - q1q4) + 2.0f * mz * (q2q4 + q1q3); 00809 hy = 2.0f * mx * (q2q3 + q1q4) + 2.0f * my * (0.5f - q2q2 - q4q4) + 2.0f * mz * (q3q4 - q1q2); 00810 bx = sqrt((hx * hx) + (hy * hy)); 00811 bz = 2.0f * mx * (q2q4 - q1q3) + 2.0f * my * (q3q4 + q1q2) + 2.0f * mz * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3); 00812 00813 // Estimated direction of gravity and magnetic field 00814 vx = 2.0f * (q2q4 - q1q3); 00815 vy = 2.0f * (q1q2 + q3q4); 00816 vz = q1q1 - q2q2 - q3q3 + q4q4; 00817 wx = 2.0f * bx * (0.5f - q3q3 - q4q4) + 2.0f * bz * (q2q4 - q1q3); 00818 wy = 2.0f * bx * (q2q3 - q1q4) + 2.0f * bz * (q1q2 + q3q4); 00819 wz = 2.0f * bx * (q1q3 + q2q4) + 2.0f * bz * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3); 00820 00821 // Error is cross product between estimated direction and measured direction of gravity 00822 ex = (ay * vz - az * vy) + (my * wz - mz * wy); 00823 ey = (az * vx - ax * vz) + (mz * wx - mx * wz); 00824 ez = (ax * vy - ay * vx) + (mx * wy - my * wx); 00825 if (Ki > 0.0f) { 00826 eInt[0] += ex; // accumulate integral error 00827 eInt[1] += ey; 00828 eInt[2] += ez; 00829 } else { 00830 eInt[0] = 0.0f; // prevent integral wind up 00831 eInt[1] = 0.0f; 00832 eInt[2] = 0.0f; 00833 } 00834 00835 // Apply feedback terms 00836 gx = gx + Kp * ex + Ki * eInt[0]; 00837 gy = gy + Kp * ey + Ki * eInt[1]; 00838 gz = gz + Kp * ez + Ki * eInt[2]; 00839 00840 // Integrate rate of change of quaternion 00841 pa = q2; 00842 pb = q3; 00843 pc = q4; 00844 q1 = q1 + (-q2 * gx - q3 * gy - q4 * gz) * (0.5f * deltat); 00845 q2 = pa + (q1 * gx + pb * gz - pc * gy) * (0.5f * deltat); 00846 q3 = pb + (q1 * gy - pa * gz + pc * gx) * (0.5f * deltat); 00847 q4 = pc + (q1 * gz + pa * gy - pb * gx) * (0.5f * deltat); 00848 00849 // Normalise quaternion 00850 norm = sqrt(q1 * q1 + q2 * q2 + q3 * q3 + q4 * q4); 00851 norm = 1.0f / norm; 00852 q[0] = q1 * norm; 00853 q[1] = q2 * norm; 00854 q[2] = q3 * norm; 00855 q[3] = q4 * norm; 00856 00857 } 00858 }; 00859 #endif
Generated on Thu Jul 14 2022 01:32:15 by
1.7.2