PES4
/
PES4
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Dependencies: mbed
IMU/MPU9250.h@3:5b211a56c6fb, 2020-03-26 (annotated)
- Committer:
- demayer
- Date:
- Thu Mar 26 13:18:52 2020 +0000
- Revision:
- 3:5b211a56c6fb
- Child:
- 7:7f022bda3f34
Einbau IMU-Library
Who changed what in which revision?
| User | Revision | Line number | New contents of line |
|---|---|---|---|
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 1 | #ifndef MPU9250_H |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 2 | #define MPU9250_H |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 3 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 4 | #include "mbed.h" |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 5 | #include "math.h" |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 6 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 7 | // See also MPU-9250 Register Map and Descriptions, Revision 4.0, RM-MPU-9250A-00, Rev. 1.4, 9/9/2013 for registers not listed in |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 8 | // above document; the MPU9250 and MPU9150 are virtually identical but the latter has a different register map |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 9 | // |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 10 | //Magnetometer Registers |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 11 | #define AK8963_ADDRESS 0x0C<<1 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 12 | #define WHO_AM_I_AK8963 0x00 // should return 0x48 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 13 | #define INFO 0x01 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 14 | #define AK8963_ST1 0x02 // data ready status bit 0 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 15 | #define AK8963_XOUT_L 0x03 // data |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 16 | #define AK8963_XOUT_H 0x04 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 17 | #define AK8963_YOUT_L 0x05 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 18 | #define AK8963_YOUT_H 0x06 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 19 | #define AK8963_ZOUT_L 0x07 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 20 | #define AK8963_ZOUT_H 0x08 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 21 | #define AK8963_ST2 0x09 // Data overflow bit 3 and data read error status bit 2 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 22 | #define AK8963_CNTL 0x0A // Power down (0000), single-measurement (0001), self-test (1000) and Fuse ROM (1111) modes on bits 3:0 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 23 | #define AK8963_ASTC 0x0C // Self test control |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 24 | #define AK8963_I2CDIS 0x0F // I2C disable |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 25 | #define AK8963_ASAX 0x10 // Fuse ROM x-axis sensitivity adjustment value |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 26 | #define AK8963_ASAY 0x11 // Fuse ROM y-axis sensitivity adjustment value |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 27 | #define AK8963_ASAZ 0x12 // Fuse ROM z-axis sensitivity adjustment value |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 28 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 29 | #define SELF_TEST_X_GYRO 0x00 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 30 | #define SELF_TEST_Y_GYRO 0x01 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 31 | #define SELF_TEST_Z_GYRO 0x02 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 32 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 33 | /*#define X_FINE_GAIN 0x03 // [7:0] fine gain |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 34 | #define Y_FINE_GAIN 0x04 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 35 | #define Z_FINE_GAIN 0x05 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 36 | #define XA_OFFSET_H 0x06 // User-defined trim values for accelerometer |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 37 | #define XA_OFFSET_L_TC 0x07 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 38 | #define YA_OFFSET_H 0x08 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 39 | #define YA_OFFSET_L_TC 0x09 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 40 | #define ZA_OFFSET_H 0x0A |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 41 | #define ZA_OFFSET_L_TC 0x0B */ |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 42 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 43 | #define SELF_TEST_X_ACCEL 0x0D |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 44 | #define SELF_TEST_Y_ACCEL 0x0E |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 45 | #define SELF_TEST_Z_ACCEL 0x0F |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 46 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 47 | #define SELF_TEST_A 0x10 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 48 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 49 | #define XG_OFFSET_H 0x13 // User-defined trim values for gyroscope |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 50 | #define XG_OFFSET_L 0x14 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 51 | #define YG_OFFSET_H 0x15 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 52 | #define YG_OFFSET_L 0x16 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 53 | #define ZG_OFFSET_H 0x17 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 54 | #define ZG_OFFSET_L 0x18 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 55 | #define SMPLRT_DIV 0x19 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 56 | #define CONFIG 0x1A |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 57 | #define GYRO_CONFIG 0x1B |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 58 | #define ACCEL_CONFIG 0x1C |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 59 | #define ACCEL_CONFIG2 0x1D |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 60 | #define LP_ACCEL_ODR 0x1E |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 61 | #define WOM_THR 0x1F |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 62 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 63 | #define MOT_DUR 0x20 // Duration counter threshold for motion interrupt generation, 1 kHz rate, LSB = 1 ms |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 64 | #define ZMOT_THR 0x21 // Zero-motion detection threshold bits [7:0] |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 65 | #define ZRMOT_DUR 0x22 // Duration counter threshold for zero motion interrupt generation, 16 Hz rate, LSB = 64 ms |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 66 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 67 | #define FIFO_EN 0x23 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 68 | #define I2C_MST_CTRL 0x24 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 69 | #define I2C_SLV0_ADDR 0x25 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 70 | #define I2C_SLV0_REG 0x26 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 71 | #define I2C_SLV0_CTRL 0x27 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 72 | #define I2C_SLV1_ADDR 0x28 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 73 | #define I2C_SLV1_REG 0x29 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 74 | #define I2C_SLV1_CTRL 0x2A |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 75 | #define I2C_SLV2_ADDR 0x2B |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 76 | #define I2C_SLV2_REG 0x2C |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 77 | #define I2C_SLV2_CTRL 0x2D |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 78 | #define I2C_SLV3_ADDR 0x2E |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 79 | #define I2C_SLV3_REG 0x2F |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 80 | #define I2C_SLV3_CTRL 0x30 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 81 | #define I2C_SLV4_ADDR 0x31 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 82 | #define I2C_SLV4_REG 0x32 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 83 | #define I2C_SLV4_DO 0x33 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 84 | #define I2C_SLV4_CTRL 0x34 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 85 | #define I2C_SLV4_DI 0x35 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 86 | #define I2C_MST_STATUS 0x36 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 87 | #define INT_PIN_CFG 0x37 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 88 | #define INT_ENABLE 0x38 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 89 | #define DMP_INT_STATUS 0x39 // Check DMP interrupt |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 90 | #define INT_STATUS 0x3A |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 91 | #define ACCEL_XOUT_H 0x3B |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 92 | #define ACCEL_XOUT_L 0x3C |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 93 | #define ACCEL_YOUT_H 0x3D |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 94 | #define ACCEL_YOUT_L 0x3E |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 95 | #define ACCEL_ZOUT_H 0x3F |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 96 | #define ACCEL_ZOUT_L 0x40 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 97 | #define TEMP_OUT_H 0x41 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 98 | #define TEMP_OUT_L 0x42 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 99 | #define GYRO_XOUT_H 0x43 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 100 | #define GYRO_XOUT_L 0x44 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 101 | #define GYRO_YOUT_H 0x45 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 102 | #define GYRO_YOUT_L 0x46 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 103 | #define GYRO_ZOUT_H 0x47 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 104 | #define GYRO_ZOUT_L 0x48 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 105 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_00 0x49 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 106 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_01 0x4A |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 107 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_02 0x4B |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 108 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_03 0x4C |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 109 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_04 0x4D |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 110 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_05 0x4E |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 111 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_06 0x4F |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 112 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_07 0x50 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 113 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_08 0x51 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 114 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_09 0x52 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 115 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_10 0x53 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 116 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_11 0x54 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 117 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_12 0x55 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 118 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_13 0x56 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 119 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_14 0x57 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 120 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_15 0x58 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 121 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_16 0x59 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 122 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_17 0x5A |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 123 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_18 0x5B |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 124 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_19 0x5C |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 125 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_20 0x5D |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 126 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_21 0x5E |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 127 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_22 0x5F |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 128 | #define EXT_SENS_DATA_23 0x60 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 129 | #define MOT_DETECT_STATUS 0x61 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 130 | #define I2C_SLV0_DO 0x63 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 131 | #define I2C_SLV1_DO 0x64 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 132 | #define I2C_SLV2_DO 0x65 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 133 | #define I2C_SLV3_DO 0x66 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 134 | #define I2C_MST_DELAY_CTRL 0x67 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 135 | #define SIGNAL_PATH_RESET 0x68 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 136 | #define MOT_DETECT_CTRL 0x69 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 137 | #define USER_CTRL 0x6A // Bit 7 enable DMP, bit 3 reset DMP |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 138 | #define PWR_MGMT_1 0x6B // Device defaults to the SLEEP mode |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 139 | #define PWR_MGMT_2 0x6C |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 140 | #define DMP_BANK 0x6D // Activates a specific bank in the DMP |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 141 | #define DMP_RW_PNT 0x6E // Set read/write pointer to a specific start address in specified DMP bank |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 142 | #define DMP_REG 0x6F // Register in DMP from which to read or to which to write |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 143 | #define DMP_REG_1 0x70 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 144 | #define DMP_REG_2 0x71 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 145 | #define FIFO_COUNTH 0x72 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 146 | #define FIFO_COUNTL 0x73 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 147 | #define FIFO_R_W 0x74 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 148 | #define WHO_AM_I_MPU9250 0x75 // Should return 0x71 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 149 | #define XA_OFFSET_H 0x77 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 150 | #define XA_OFFSET_L 0x78 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 151 | #define YA_OFFSET_H 0x7A |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 152 | #define YA_OFFSET_L 0x7B |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 153 | #define ZA_OFFSET_H 0x7D |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 154 | #define ZA_OFFSET_L 0x7E |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 155 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 156 | // Using the MSENSR-9250 breakout board, ADO is set to 0 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 157 | // Seven-bit device address is 110100 for ADO = 0 and 110101 for ADO = 1 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 158 | //mbed uses the eight-bit device address, so shift seven-bit addresses left by one! |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 159 | #define ADO 0 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 160 | #if ADO |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 161 | #define MPU9250_ADDRESS 0x69<<1 // Device address when ADO = 1 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 162 | #else |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 163 | #define MPU9250_ADDRESS 0x68<<1 // Device address when ADO = 0 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 164 | #endif |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 165 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 166 | // Set initial input parameters |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 167 | enum Ascale { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 168 | AFS_2G = 0, |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 169 | AFS_4G, |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 170 | AFS_8G, |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 171 | AFS_16G |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 172 | }; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 173 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 174 | enum Gscale { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 175 | GFS_250DPS = 0, |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 176 | GFS_500DPS, |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 177 | GFS_1000DPS, |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 178 | GFS_2000DPS |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 179 | }; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 180 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 181 | enum Mscale { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 182 | MFS_14BITS = 0, // 0.6 mG per LSB |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 183 | MFS_16BITS // 0.15 mG per LSB |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 184 | }; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 185 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 186 | uint8_t Ascale = AFS_2G; // AFS_2G, AFS_4G, AFS_8G, AFS_16G |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 187 | uint8_t Gscale = GFS_250DPS; // GFS_250DPS, GFS_500DPS, GFS_1000DPS, GFS_2000DPS |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 188 | uint8_t Mscale = MFS_16BITS; // MFS_14BITS or MFS_16BITS, 14-bit or 16-bit magnetometer resolution |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 189 | uint8_t Mmode = 0x06; // Either 8 Hz 0x02) or 100 Hz (0x06) magnetometer data ODR |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 190 | float aRes, gRes, mRes; // scale resolutions per LSB for the sensors |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 191 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 192 | //Set up I2C, (SDA,SCL) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 193 | I2C i2c(I2C_SDA, I2C_SCL); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 194 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 195 | DigitalOut myled(LED1); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 196 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 197 | // Pin definitions |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 198 | int intPin = 12; // These can be changed, 2 and 3 are the Arduinos ext int pins |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 199 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 200 | int16_t accelCount[3]; // Stores the 16-bit signed accelerometer sensor output |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 201 | int16_t gyroCount[3]; // Stores the 16-bit signed gyro sensor output |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 202 | int16_t magCount[3]; // Stores the 16-bit signed magnetometer sensor output |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 203 | float magCalibration[3] = {0, 0, 0}, magbias[3] = {0, 0, 0}; // Factory mag calibration and mag bias |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 204 | float gyroBias[3] = {0, 0, 0}, accelBias[3] = {0, 0, 0}; // Bias corrections for gyro and accelerometer |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 205 | float ax, ay, az, gx, gy, gz, mx, my, mz; // variables to hold latest sensor data values |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 206 | int16_t tempCount; // Stores the real internal chip temperature in degrees Celsius |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 207 | float temperature; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 208 | float SelfTest[6]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 209 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 210 | int delt_t = 0; // used to control display output rate |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 211 | int _count = 0; // used to control display output rate |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 212 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 213 | // parameters for 6 DoF sensor fusion calculations |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 214 | float PI = 3.14159265358979323846f; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 215 | float GyroMeasError = PI * (60.0f / 180.0f); // gyroscope measurement error in rads/s (start at 60 deg/s), then reduce after ~10 s to 3 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 216 | float beta = sqrt(3.0f / 4.0f) * GyroMeasError; // compute beta |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 217 | float GyroMeasDrift = PI * (1.0f / 180.0f); // gyroscope measurement drift in rad/s/s (start at 0.0 deg/s/s) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 218 | float zeta = sqrt(3.0f / 4.0f) * GyroMeasDrift; // compute zeta, the other free parameter in the Madgwick scheme usually set to a small or zero value |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 219 | #define Kp 2.0f * 5.0f // these are the free parameters in the Mahony filter and fusion scheme, Kp for proportional feedback, Ki for integral |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 220 | #define Ki 0.0f |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 221 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 222 | float pitch, yaw, roll; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 223 | float deltat = 0.0f; // integration interval for both filter schemes |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 224 | int lastUpdate = 0, firstUpdate = 0, Now = 0; // used to calculate integration interval // used to calculate integration interval |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 225 | float q[4] = {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}; // vector to hold quaternion |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 226 | float eInt[3] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}; // vector to hold integral error for Mahony method |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 227 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 228 | class MPU9250 { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 229 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 230 | protected: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 231 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 232 | public: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 233 | //=================================================================================================================== |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 234 | //====== Set of useful function to access acceleratio, gyroscope, and temperature data |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 235 | //=================================================================================================================== |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 236 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 237 | void writeByte(uint8_t address, uint8_t subAddress, uint8_t data) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 238 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 239 | char data_write[2]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 240 | data_write[0] = subAddress; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 241 | data_write[1] = data; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 242 | i2c.write(address, data_write, 2, 0); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 243 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 244 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 245 | char readByte(uint8_t address, uint8_t subAddress) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 246 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 247 | char data[1]; // `data` will store the register data |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 248 | char data_write[1]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 249 | data_write[0] = subAddress; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 250 | i2c.write(address, data_write, 1, 1); // no stop |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 251 | i2c.read(address, data, 1, 0); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 252 | return data[0]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 253 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 254 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 255 | void readBytes(uint8_t address, uint8_t subAddress, uint8_t count, uint8_t * dest) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 256 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 257 | char data[14]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 258 | char data_write[1]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 259 | data_write[0] = subAddress; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 260 | i2c.write(address, data_write, 1, 1); // no stop |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 261 | i2c.read(address, data, count, 0); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 262 | for(int ii = 0; ii < count; ii++) { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 263 | dest[ii] = data[ii]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 264 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 265 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 266 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 267 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 268 | void getMres() { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 269 | switch (Mscale) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 270 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 271 | // Possible magnetometer scales (and their register bit settings) are: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 272 | // 14 bit resolution (0) and 16 bit resolution (1) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 273 | case MFS_14BITS: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 274 | mRes = 10.0*4219.0/8190.0; // Proper scale to return milliGauss |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 275 | break; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 276 | case MFS_16BITS: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 277 | mRes = 10.0*4219.0/32760.0; // Proper scale to return milliGauss |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 278 | break; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 279 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 280 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 281 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 282 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 283 | void getGres() { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 284 | switch (Gscale) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 285 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 286 | // Possible gyro scales (and their register bit settings) are: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 287 | // 250 DPS (00), 500 DPS (01), 1000 DPS (10), and 2000 DPS (11). |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 288 | // Here's a bit of an algorith to calculate DPS/(ADC tick) based on that 2-bit value: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 289 | case GFS_250DPS: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 290 | gRes = 250.0/32768.0; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 291 | break; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 292 | case GFS_500DPS: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 293 | gRes = 500.0/32768.0; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 294 | break; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 295 | case GFS_1000DPS: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 296 | gRes = 1000.0/32768.0; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 297 | break; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 298 | case GFS_2000DPS: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 299 | gRes = 2000.0/32768.0; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 300 | break; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 301 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 302 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 303 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 304 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 305 | void getAres() { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 306 | switch (Ascale) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 307 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 308 | // Possible accelerometer scales (and their register bit settings) are: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 309 | // 2 Gs (00), 4 Gs (01), 8 Gs (10), and 16 Gs (11). |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 310 | // Here's a bit of an algorith to calculate DPS/(ADC tick) based on that 2-bit value: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 311 | case AFS_2G: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 312 | aRes = 2.0/32768.0; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 313 | break; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 314 | case AFS_4G: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 315 | aRes = 4.0/32768.0; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 316 | break; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 317 | case AFS_8G: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 318 | aRes = 8.0/32768.0; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 319 | break; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 320 | case AFS_16G: |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 321 | aRes = 16.0/32768.0; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 322 | break; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 323 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 324 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 325 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 326 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 327 | void readAccelData(int16_t * destination) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 328 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 329 | uint8_t rawData[6]; // x/y/z accel register data stored here |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 330 | readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_XOUT_H, 6, &rawData[0]); // Read the six raw data registers into data array |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 331 | destination[0] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[0] << 8) | rawData[1]) ; // Turn the MSB and LSB into a signed 16-bit value |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 332 | destination[1] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[2] << 8) | rawData[3]) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 333 | destination[2] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[4] << 8) | rawData[5]) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 334 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 335 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 336 | void readGyroData(int16_t * destination) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 337 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 338 | uint8_t rawData[6]; // x/y/z gyro register data stored here |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 339 | readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_XOUT_H, 6, &rawData[0]); // Read the six raw data registers sequentially into data array |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 340 | destination[0] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[0] << 8) | rawData[1]) ; // Turn the MSB and LSB into a signed 16-bit value |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 341 | destination[1] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[2] << 8) | rawData[3]) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 342 | destination[2] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[4] << 8) | rawData[5]) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 343 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 344 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 345 | void readMagData(int16_t * destination) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 346 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 347 | uint8_t rawData[7]; // x/y/z gyro register data, ST2 register stored here, must read ST2 at end of data acquisition |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 348 | if(readByte(AK8963_ADDRESS, AK8963_ST1) & 0x01) { // wait for magnetometer data ready bit to be set |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 349 | readBytes(AK8963_ADDRESS, AK8963_XOUT_L, 7, &rawData[0]); // Read the six raw data and ST2 registers sequentially into data array |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 350 | uint8_t c = rawData[6]; // End data read by reading ST2 register |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 351 | if(!(c & 0x08)) { // Check if magnetic sensor overflow set, if not then report data |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 352 | destination[0] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[1] << 8) | rawData[0]); // Turn the MSB and LSB into a signed 16-bit value |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 353 | destination[1] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[3] << 8) | rawData[2]) ; // Data stored as little Endian |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 354 | destination[2] = (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[5] << 8) | rawData[4]) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 355 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 356 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 357 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 358 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 359 | int16_t readTempData() |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 360 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 361 | uint8_t rawData[2]; // x/y/z gyro register data stored here |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 362 | readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, TEMP_OUT_H, 2, &rawData[0]); // Read the two raw data registers sequentially into data array |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 363 | return (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[0]) << 8 | rawData[1]) ; // Turn the MSB and LSB into a 16-bit value |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 364 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 365 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 366 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 367 | void resetMPU9250() { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 368 | // reset device |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 369 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, PWR_MGMT_1, 0x80); // Write a one to bit 7 reset bit; toggle reset device |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 370 | wait(0.1); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 371 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 372 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 373 | void initAK8963(float * destination) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 374 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 375 | // First extract the factory calibration for each magnetometer axis |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 376 | uint8_t rawData[3]; // x/y/z gyro calibration data stored here |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 377 | writeByte(AK8963_ADDRESS, AK8963_CNTL, 0x00); // Power down magnetometer |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 378 | wait(0.01); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 379 | writeByte(AK8963_ADDRESS, AK8963_CNTL, 0x0F); // Enter Fuse ROM access mode |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 380 | wait(0.01); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 381 | readBytes(AK8963_ADDRESS, AK8963_ASAX, 3, &rawData[0]); // Read the x-, y-, and z-axis calibration values |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 382 | destination[0] = (float)(rawData[0] - 128)/256.0f + 1.0f; // Return x-axis sensitivity adjustment values, etc. |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 383 | destination[1] = (float)(rawData[1] - 128)/256.0f + 1.0f; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 384 | destination[2] = (float)(rawData[2] - 128)/256.0f + 1.0f; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 385 | writeByte(AK8963_ADDRESS, AK8963_CNTL, 0x00); // Power down magnetometer |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 386 | wait(0.01); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 387 | // Configure the magnetometer for continuous read and highest resolution |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 388 | // set Mscale bit 4 to 1 (0) to enable 16 (14) bit resolution in CNTL register, |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 389 | // and enable continuous mode data acquisition Mmode (bits [3:0]), 0010 for 8 Hz and 0110 for 100 Hz sample rates |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 390 | writeByte(AK8963_ADDRESS, AK8963_CNTL, Mscale << 4 | Mmode); // Set magnetometer data resolution and sample ODR |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 391 | wait(0.01); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 392 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 393 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 394 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 395 | void initMPU9250() |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 396 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 397 | // Initialize MPU9250 device |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 398 | // wake up device |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 399 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, PWR_MGMT_1, 0x00); // Clear sleep mode bit (6), enable all sensors |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 400 | wait(0.1); // Delay 100 ms for PLL to get established on x-axis gyro; should check for PLL ready interrupt |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 401 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 402 | // get stable time source |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 403 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, PWR_MGMT_1, 0x01); // Set clock source to be PLL with x-axis gyroscope reference, bits 2:0 = 001 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 404 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 405 | // Configure Gyro and Accelerometer |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 406 | // Disable FSYNC and set accelerometer and gyro bandwidth to 44 and 42 Hz, respectively; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 407 | // DLPF_CFG = bits 2:0 = 010; this sets the sample rate at 1 kHz for both |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 408 | // Maximum delay is 4.9 ms which is just over a 200 Hz maximum rate |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 409 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, CONFIG, 0x03); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 410 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 411 | // Set sample rate = gyroscope output rate/(1 + SMPLRT_DIV) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 412 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SMPLRT_DIV, 0x04); // Use a 200 Hz rate; the same rate set in CONFIG above |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 413 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 414 | // Set gyroscope full scale range |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 415 | // Range selects FS_SEL and AFS_SEL are 0 - 3, so 2-bit values are left-shifted into positions 4:3 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 416 | uint8_t c = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 417 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG, c & ~0xE0); // Clear self-test bits [7:5] |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 418 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG, c & ~0x18); // Clear AFS bits [4:3] |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 419 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG, c | Gscale << 3); // Set full scale range for the gyro |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 420 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 421 | // Set accelerometer configuration |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 422 | c = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 423 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG, c & ~0xE0); // Clear self-test bits [7:5] |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 424 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG, c & ~0x18); // Clear AFS bits [4:3] |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 425 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG, c | Ascale << 3); // Set full scale range for the accelerometer |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 426 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 427 | // Set accelerometer sample rate configuration |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 428 | // It is possible to get a 4 kHz sample rate from the accelerometer by choosing 1 for |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 429 | // accel_fchoice_b bit [3]; in this case the bandwidth is 1.13 kHz |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 430 | c = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG2); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 431 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG2, c & ~0x0F); // Clear accel_fchoice_b (bit 3) and A_DLPFG (bits [2:0]) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 432 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG2, c | 0x03); // Set accelerometer rate to 1 kHz and bandwidth to 41 Hz |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 433 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 434 | // The accelerometer, gyro, and thermometer are set to 1 kHz sample rates, |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 435 | // but all these rates are further reduced by a factor of 5 to 200 Hz because of the SMPLRT_DIV setting |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 436 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 437 | // Configure Interrupts and Bypass Enable |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 438 | // Set interrupt pin active high, push-pull, and clear on read of INT_STATUS, enable I2C_BYPASS_EN so additional chips |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 439 | // can join the I2C bus and all can be controlled by the Arduino as master |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 440 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, INT_PIN_CFG, 0x22); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 441 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, INT_ENABLE, 0x01); // Enable data ready (bit 0) interrupt |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 442 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 443 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 444 | // Function which accumulates gyro and accelerometer data after device initialization. It calculates the average |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 445 | // of the at-rest readings and then loads the resulting offsets into accelerometer and gyro bias registers. |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 446 | void calibrateMPU9250(float * dest1, float * dest2) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 447 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 448 | uint8_t data[12]; // data array to hold accelerometer and gyro x, y, z, data |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 449 | uint16_t ii, packet_count, fifo_count; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 450 | int32_t gyro_bias[3] = {0, 0, 0}, accel_bias[3] = {0, 0, 0}; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 451 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 452 | // reset device, reset all registers, clear gyro and accelerometer bias registers |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 453 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, PWR_MGMT_1, 0x80); // Write a one to bit 7 reset bit; toggle reset device |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 454 | wait(0.1); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 455 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 456 | // get stable time source |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 457 | // Set clock source to be PLL with x-axis gyroscope reference, bits 2:0 = 001 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 458 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, PWR_MGMT_1, 0x01); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 459 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, PWR_MGMT_2, 0x00); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 460 | wait(0.2); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 461 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 462 | // Configure device for bias calculation |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 463 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, INT_ENABLE, 0x00); // Disable all interrupts |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 464 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, FIFO_EN, 0x00); // Disable FIFO |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 465 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, PWR_MGMT_1, 0x00); // Turn on internal clock source |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 466 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, I2C_MST_CTRL, 0x00); // Disable I2C master |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 467 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, USER_CTRL, 0x00); // Disable FIFO and I2C master modes |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 468 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, USER_CTRL, 0x0C); // Reset FIFO and DMP |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 469 | wait(0.015); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 470 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 471 | // Configure MPU9250 gyro and accelerometer for bias calculation |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 472 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, CONFIG, 0x01); // Set low-pass filter to 188 Hz |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 473 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SMPLRT_DIV, 0x00); // Set sample rate to 1 kHz |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 474 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG, 0x00); // Set gyro full-scale to 250 degrees per second, maximum sensitivity |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 475 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG, 0x00); // Set accelerometer full-scale to 2 g, maximum sensitivity |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 476 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 477 | uint16_t gyrosensitivity = 131; // = 131 LSB/degrees/sec |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 478 | uint16_t accelsensitivity = 16384; // = 16384 LSB/g |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 479 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 480 | // Configure FIFO to capture accelerometer and gyro data for bias calculation |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 481 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, USER_CTRL, 0x40); // Enable FIFO |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 482 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, FIFO_EN, 0x78); // Enable gyro and accelerometer sensors for FIFO (max size 512 bytes in MPU-9250) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 483 | wait(0.04); // accumulate 40 samples in 80 milliseconds = 480 bytes |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 484 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 485 | // At end of sample accumulation, turn off FIFO sensor read |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 486 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, FIFO_EN, 0x00); // Disable gyro and accelerometer sensors for FIFO |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 487 | readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, FIFO_COUNTH, 2, &data[0]); // read FIFO sample count |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 488 | fifo_count = ((uint16_t)data[0] << 8) | data[1]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 489 | packet_count = fifo_count/12;// How many sets of full gyro and accelerometer data for averaging |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 490 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 491 | for (ii = 0; ii < packet_count; ii++) { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 492 | int16_t accel_temp[3] = {0, 0, 0}, gyro_temp[3] = {0, 0, 0}; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 493 | readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, FIFO_R_W, 12, &data[0]); // read data for averaging |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 494 | accel_temp[0] = (int16_t) (((int16_t)data[0] << 8) | data[1] ) ; // Form signed 16-bit integer for each sample in FIFO |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 495 | accel_temp[1] = (int16_t) (((int16_t)data[2] << 8) | data[3] ) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 496 | accel_temp[2] = (int16_t) (((int16_t)data[4] << 8) | data[5] ) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 497 | gyro_temp[0] = (int16_t) (((int16_t)data[6] << 8) | data[7] ) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 498 | gyro_temp[1] = (int16_t) (((int16_t)data[8] << 8) | data[9] ) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 499 | gyro_temp[2] = (int16_t) (((int16_t)data[10] << 8) | data[11]) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 500 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 501 | accel_bias[0] += (int32_t) accel_temp[0]; // Sum individual signed 16-bit biases to get accumulated signed 32-bit biases |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 502 | accel_bias[1] += (int32_t) accel_temp[1]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 503 | accel_bias[2] += (int32_t) accel_temp[2]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 504 | gyro_bias[0] += (int32_t) gyro_temp[0]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 505 | gyro_bias[1] += (int32_t) gyro_temp[1]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 506 | gyro_bias[2] += (int32_t) gyro_temp[2]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 507 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 508 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 509 | accel_bias[0] /= (int32_t) packet_count; // Normalize sums to get average count biases |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 510 | accel_bias[1] /= (int32_t) packet_count; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 511 | accel_bias[2] /= (int32_t) packet_count; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 512 | gyro_bias[0] /= (int32_t) packet_count; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 513 | gyro_bias[1] /= (int32_t) packet_count; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 514 | gyro_bias[2] /= (int32_t) packet_count; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 515 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 516 | if(accel_bias[2] > 0L) {accel_bias[2] -= (int32_t) accelsensitivity;} // Remove gravity from the z-axis accelerometer bias calculation |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 517 | else {accel_bias[2] += (int32_t) accelsensitivity;} |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 518 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 519 | // Construct the gyro biases for push to the hardware gyro bias registers, which are reset to zero upon device startup |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 520 | data[0] = (-gyro_bias[0]/4 >> 8) & 0xFF; // Divide by 4 to get 32.9 LSB per deg/s to conform to expected bias input format |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 521 | data[1] = (-gyro_bias[0]/4) & 0xFF; // Biases are additive, so change sign on calculated average gyro biases |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 522 | data[2] = (-gyro_bias[1]/4 >> 8) & 0xFF; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 523 | data[3] = (-gyro_bias[1]/4) & 0xFF; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 524 | data[4] = (-gyro_bias[2]/4 >> 8) & 0xFF; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 525 | data[5] = (-gyro_bias[2]/4) & 0xFF; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 526 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 527 | /// Push gyro biases to hardware registers |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 528 | /* writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, XG_OFFSET_H, data[0]); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 529 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, XG_OFFSET_L, data[1]); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 530 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, YG_OFFSET_H, data[2]); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 531 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, YG_OFFSET_L, data[3]); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 532 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ZG_OFFSET_H, data[4]); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 533 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ZG_OFFSET_L, data[5]); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 534 | */ |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 535 | dest1[0] = (float) gyro_bias[0]/(float) gyrosensitivity; // construct gyro bias in deg/s for later manual subtraction |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 536 | dest1[1] = (float) gyro_bias[1]/(float) gyrosensitivity; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 537 | dest1[2] = (float) gyro_bias[2]/(float) gyrosensitivity; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 538 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 539 | // Construct the accelerometer biases for push to the hardware accelerometer bias registers. These registers contain |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 540 | // factory trim values which must be added to the calculated accelerometer biases; on boot up these registers will hold |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 541 | // non-zero values. In addition, bit 0 of the lower byte must be preserved since it is used for temperature |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 542 | // compensation calculations. Accelerometer bias registers expect bias input as 2048 LSB per g, so that |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 543 | // the accelerometer biases calculated above must be divided by 8. |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 544 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 545 | int32_t accel_bias_reg[3] = {0, 0, 0}; // A place to hold the factory accelerometer trim biases |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 546 | readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, XA_OFFSET_H, 2, &data[0]); // Read factory accelerometer trim values |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 547 | accel_bias_reg[0] = (int16_t) ((int16_t)data[0] << 8) | data[1]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 548 | readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, YA_OFFSET_H, 2, &data[0]); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 549 | accel_bias_reg[1] = (int16_t) ((int16_t)data[0] << 8) | data[1]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 550 | readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ZA_OFFSET_H, 2, &data[0]); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 551 | accel_bias_reg[2] = (int16_t) ((int16_t)data[0] << 8) | data[1]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 552 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 553 | uint32_t mask = 1uL; // Define mask for temperature compensation bit 0 of lower byte of accelerometer bias registers |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 554 | uint8_t mask_bit[3] = {0, 0, 0}; // Define array to hold mask bit for each accelerometer bias axis |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 555 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 556 | for(ii = 0; ii < 3; ii++) { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 557 | if(accel_bias_reg[ii] & mask) mask_bit[ii] = 0x01; // If temperature compensation bit is set, record that fact in mask_bit |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 558 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 559 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 560 | // Construct total accelerometer bias, including calculated average accelerometer bias from above |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 561 | accel_bias_reg[0] -= (accel_bias[0]/8); // Subtract calculated averaged accelerometer bias scaled to 2048 LSB/g (16 g full scale) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 562 | accel_bias_reg[1] -= (accel_bias[1]/8); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 563 | accel_bias_reg[2] -= (accel_bias[2]/8); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 564 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 565 | data[0] = (accel_bias_reg[0] >> 8) & 0xFF; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 566 | data[1] = (accel_bias_reg[0]) & 0xFF; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 567 | data[1] = data[1] | mask_bit[0]; // preserve temperature compensation bit when writing back to accelerometer bias registers |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 568 | data[2] = (accel_bias_reg[1] >> 8) & 0xFF; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 569 | data[3] = (accel_bias_reg[1]) & 0xFF; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 570 | data[3] = data[3] | mask_bit[1]; // preserve temperature compensation bit when writing back to accelerometer bias registers |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 571 | data[4] = (accel_bias_reg[2] >> 8) & 0xFF; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 572 | data[5] = (accel_bias_reg[2]) & 0xFF; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 573 | data[5] = data[5] | mask_bit[2]; // preserve temperature compensation bit when writing back to accelerometer bias registers |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 574 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 575 | // Apparently this is not working for the acceleration biases in the MPU-9250 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 576 | // Are we handling the temperature correction bit properly? |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 577 | // Push accelerometer biases to hardware registers |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 578 | /* writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, XA_OFFSET_H, data[0]); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 579 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, XA_OFFSET_L, data[1]); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 580 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, YA_OFFSET_H, data[2]); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 581 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, YA_OFFSET_L, data[3]); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 582 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ZA_OFFSET_H, data[4]); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 583 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ZA_OFFSET_L, data[5]); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 584 | */ |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 585 | // Output scaled accelerometer biases for manual subtraction in the main program |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 586 | dest2[0] = (float)accel_bias[0]/(float)accelsensitivity; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 587 | dest2[1] = (float)accel_bias[1]/(float)accelsensitivity; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 588 | dest2[2] = (float)accel_bias[2]/(float)accelsensitivity; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 589 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 590 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 591 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 592 | // Accelerometer and gyroscope self test; check calibration wrt factory settings |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 593 | void MPU9250SelfTest(float * destination) // Should return percent deviation from factory trim values, +/- 14 or less deviation is a pass |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 594 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 595 | uint8_t rawData[6] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 596 | uint8_t selfTest[6]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 597 | int16_t gAvg[3], aAvg[3], aSTAvg[3], gSTAvg[3]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 598 | float factoryTrim[6]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 599 | uint8_t FS = 0; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 600 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 601 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SMPLRT_DIV, 0x00); // Set gyro sample rate to 1 kHz |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 602 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, CONFIG, 0x02); // Set gyro sample rate to 1 kHz and DLPF to 92 Hz |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 603 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG, 1<<FS); // Set full scale range for the gyro to 250 dps |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 604 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG2, 0x02); // Set accelerometer rate to 1 kHz and bandwidth to 92 Hz |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 605 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG, 1<<FS); // Set full scale range for the accelerometer to 2 g |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 606 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 607 | for( int ii = 0; ii < 200; ii++) { // get average current values of gyro and acclerometer |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 608 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 609 | readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_XOUT_H, 6, &rawData[0]); // Read the six raw data registers into data array |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 610 | aAvg[0] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[0] << 8) | rawData[1]) ; // Turn the MSB and LSB into a signed 16-bit value |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 611 | aAvg[1] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[2] << 8) | rawData[3]) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 612 | aAvg[2] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[4] << 8) | rawData[5]) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 613 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 614 | readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_XOUT_H, 6, &rawData[0]); // Read the six raw data registers sequentially into data array |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 615 | gAvg[0] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[0] << 8) | rawData[1]) ; // Turn the MSB and LSB into a signed 16-bit value |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 616 | gAvg[1] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[2] << 8) | rawData[3]) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 617 | gAvg[2] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[4] << 8) | rawData[5]) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 618 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 619 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 620 | for (int ii =0; ii < 3; ii++) { // Get average of 200 values and store as average current readings |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 621 | aAvg[ii] /= 200; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 622 | gAvg[ii] /= 200; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 623 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 624 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 625 | // Configure the accelerometer for self-test |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 626 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG, 0xE0); // Enable self test on all three axes and set accelerometer range to +/- 2 g |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 627 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG, 0xE0); // Enable self test on all three axes and set gyro range to +/- 250 degrees/s |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 628 | wait(0.025); // Delay a while to let the device stabilize |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 629 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 630 | for( int ii = 0; ii < 200; ii++) { // get average self-test values of gyro and acclerometer |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 631 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 632 | readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_XOUT_H, 6, &rawData[0]); // Read the six raw data registers into data array |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 633 | aSTAvg[0] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[0] << 8) | rawData[1]) ; // Turn the MSB and LSB into a signed 16-bit value |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 634 | aSTAvg[1] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[2] << 8) | rawData[3]) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 635 | aSTAvg[2] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[4] << 8) | rawData[5]) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 636 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 637 | readBytes(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_XOUT_H, 6, &rawData[0]); // Read the six raw data registers sequentially into data array |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 638 | gSTAvg[0] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[0] << 8) | rawData[1]) ; // Turn the MSB and LSB into a signed 16-bit value |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 639 | gSTAvg[1] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[2] << 8) | rawData[3]) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 640 | gSTAvg[2] += (int16_t)(((int16_t)rawData[4] << 8) | rawData[5]) ; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 641 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 642 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 643 | for (int ii =0; ii < 3; ii++) { // Get average of 200 values and store as average self-test readings |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 644 | aSTAvg[ii] /= 200; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 645 | gSTAvg[ii] /= 200; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 646 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 647 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 648 | // Configure the gyro and accelerometer for normal operation |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 649 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, ACCEL_CONFIG, 0x00); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 650 | writeByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, GYRO_CONFIG, 0x00); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 651 | wait(0.025); // Delay a while to let the device stabilize |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 652 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 653 | // Retrieve accelerometer and gyro factory Self-Test Code from USR_Reg |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 654 | selfTest[0] = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SELF_TEST_X_ACCEL); // X-axis accel self-test results |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 655 | selfTest[1] = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SELF_TEST_Y_ACCEL); // Y-axis accel self-test results |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 656 | selfTest[2] = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SELF_TEST_Z_ACCEL); // Z-axis accel self-test results |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 657 | selfTest[3] = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SELF_TEST_X_GYRO); // X-axis gyro self-test results |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 658 | selfTest[4] = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SELF_TEST_Y_GYRO); // Y-axis gyro self-test results |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 659 | selfTest[5] = readByte(MPU9250_ADDRESS, SELF_TEST_Z_GYRO); // Z-axis gyro self-test results |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 660 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 661 | // Retrieve factory self-test value from self-test code reads |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 662 | factoryTrim[0] = (float)(2620/1<<FS)*(pow( 1.01 , ((float)selfTest[0] - 1.0) )); // FT[Xa] factory trim calculation |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 663 | factoryTrim[1] = (float)(2620/1<<FS)*(pow( 1.01 , ((float)selfTest[1] - 1.0) )); // FT[Ya] factory trim calculation |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 664 | factoryTrim[2] = (float)(2620/1<<FS)*(pow( 1.01 , ((float)selfTest[2] - 1.0) )); // FT[Za] factory trim calculation |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 665 | factoryTrim[3] = (float)(2620/1<<FS)*(pow( 1.01 , ((float)selfTest[3] - 1.0) )); // FT[Xg] factory trim calculation |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 666 | factoryTrim[4] = (float)(2620/1<<FS)*(pow( 1.01 , ((float)selfTest[4] - 1.0) )); // FT[Yg] factory trim calculation |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 667 | factoryTrim[5] = (float)(2620/1<<FS)*(pow( 1.01 , ((float)selfTest[5] - 1.0) )); // FT[Zg] factory trim calculation |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 668 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 669 | // Report results as a ratio of (STR - FT)/FT; the change from Factory Trim of the Self-Test Response |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 670 | // To get percent, must multiply by 100 |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 671 | for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 672 | destination[i] = 100.0*((float)(aSTAvg[i] - aAvg[i]))/factoryTrim[i]; // Report percent differences |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 673 | destination[i+3] = 100.0*((float)(gSTAvg[i] - gAvg[i]))/factoryTrim[i+3]; // Report percent differences |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 674 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 675 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 676 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 677 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 678 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 679 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 680 | // Implementation of Sebastian Madgwick's "...efficient orientation filter for... inertial/magnetic sensor arrays" |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 681 | // (see http://www.x-io.co.uk/category/open-source/ for examples and more details) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 682 | // which fuses acceleration, rotation rate, and magnetic moments to produce a quaternion-based estimate of absolute |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 683 | // device orientation -- which can be converted to yaw, pitch, and roll. Useful for stabilizing quadcopters, etc. |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 684 | // The performance of the orientation filter is at least as good as conventional Kalman-based filtering algorithms |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 685 | // but is much less computationally intensive---it can be performed on a 3.3 V Pro Mini operating at 8 MHz! |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 686 | void MadgwickQuaternionUpdate(float ax, float ay, float az, float gx, float gy, float gz, float mx, float my, float mz) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 687 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 688 | float q1 = q[0], q2 = q[1], q3 = q[2], q4 = q[3]; // short name local variable for readability |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 689 | float norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 690 | float hx, hy, _2bx, _2bz; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 691 | float s1, s2, s3, s4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 692 | float qDot1, qDot2, qDot3, qDot4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 693 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 694 | // Auxiliary variables to avoid repeated arithmetic |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 695 | float _2q1mx; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 696 | float _2q1my; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 697 | float _2q1mz; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 698 | float _2q2mx; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 699 | float _4bx; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 700 | float _4bz; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 701 | float _2q1 = 2.0f * q1; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 702 | float _2q2 = 2.0f * q2; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 703 | float _2q3 = 2.0f * q3; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 704 | float _2q4 = 2.0f * q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 705 | float _2q1q3 = 2.0f * q1 * q3; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 706 | float _2q3q4 = 2.0f * q3 * q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 707 | float q1q1 = q1 * q1; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 708 | float q1q2 = q1 * q2; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 709 | float q1q3 = q1 * q3; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 710 | float q1q4 = q1 * q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 711 | float q2q2 = q2 * q2; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 712 | float q2q3 = q2 * q3; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 713 | float q2q4 = q2 * q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 714 | float q3q3 = q3 * q3; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 715 | float q3q4 = q3 * q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 716 | float q4q4 = q4 * q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 717 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 718 | // Normalise accelerometer measurement |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 719 | norm = sqrt(ax * ax + ay * ay + az * az); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 720 | if (norm == 0.0f) return; // handle NaN |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 721 | norm = 1.0f/norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 722 | ax *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 723 | ay *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 724 | az *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 725 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 726 | // Normalise magnetometer measurement |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 727 | norm = sqrt(mx * mx + my * my + mz * mz); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 728 | if (norm == 0.0f) return; // handle NaN |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 729 | norm = 1.0f/norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 730 | mx *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 731 | my *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 732 | mz *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 733 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 734 | // Reference direction of Earth's magnetic field |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 735 | _2q1mx = 2.0f * q1 * mx; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 736 | _2q1my = 2.0f * q1 * my; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 737 | _2q1mz = 2.0f * q1 * mz; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 738 | _2q2mx = 2.0f * q2 * mx; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 739 | hx = mx * q1q1 - _2q1my * q4 + _2q1mz * q3 + mx * q2q2 + _2q2 * my * q3 + _2q2 * mz * q4 - mx * q3q3 - mx * q4q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 740 | hy = _2q1mx * q4 + my * q1q1 - _2q1mz * q2 + _2q2mx * q3 - my * q2q2 + my * q3q3 + _2q3 * mz * q4 - my * q4q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 741 | _2bx = sqrt(hx * hx + hy * hy); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 742 | _2bz = -_2q1mx * q3 + _2q1my * q2 + mz * q1q1 + _2q2mx * q4 - mz * q2q2 + _2q3 * my * q4 - mz * q3q3 + mz * q4q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 743 | _4bx = 2.0f * _2bx; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 744 | _4bz = 2.0f * _2bz; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 745 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 746 | // Gradient decent algorithm corrective step |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 747 | s1 = -_2q3 * (2.0f * q2q4 - _2q1q3 - ax) + _2q2 * (2.0f * q1q2 + _2q3q4 - ay) - _2bz * q3 * (_2bx * (0.5f - q3q3 - q4q4) + _2bz * (q2q4 - q1q3) - mx) + (-_2bx * q4 + _2bz * q2) * (_2bx * (q2q3 - q1q4) + _2bz * (q1q2 + q3q4) - my) + _2bx * q3 * (_2bx * (q1q3 + q2q4) + _2bz * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3) - mz); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 748 | s2 = _2q4 * (2.0f * q2q4 - _2q1q3 - ax) + _2q1 * (2.0f * q1q2 + _2q3q4 - ay) - 4.0f * q2 * (1.0f - 2.0f * q2q2 - 2.0f * q3q3 - az) + _2bz * q4 * (_2bx * (0.5f - q3q3 - q4q4) + _2bz * (q2q4 - q1q3) - mx) + (_2bx * q3 + _2bz * q1) * (_2bx * (q2q3 - q1q4) + _2bz * (q1q2 + q3q4) - my) + (_2bx * q4 - _4bz * q2) * (_2bx * (q1q3 + q2q4) + _2bz * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3) - mz); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 749 | s3 = -_2q1 * (2.0f * q2q4 - _2q1q3 - ax) + _2q4 * (2.0f * q1q2 + _2q3q4 - ay) - 4.0f * q3 * (1.0f - 2.0f * q2q2 - 2.0f * q3q3 - az) + (-_4bx * q3 - _2bz * q1) * (_2bx * (0.5f - q3q3 - q4q4) + _2bz * (q2q4 - q1q3) - mx) + (_2bx * q2 + _2bz * q4) * (_2bx * (q2q3 - q1q4) + _2bz * (q1q2 + q3q4) - my) + (_2bx * q1 - _4bz * q3) * (_2bx * (q1q3 + q2q4) + _2bz * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3) - mz); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 750 | s4 = _2q2 * (2.0f * q2q4 - _2q1q3 - ax) + _2q3 * (2.0f * q1q2 + _2q3q4 - ay) + (-_4bx * q4 + _2bz * q2) * (_2bx * (0.5f - q3q3 - q4q4) + _2bz * (q2q4 - q1q3) - mx) + (-_2bx * q1 + _2bz * q3) * (_2bx * (q2q3 - q1q4) + _2bz * (q1q2 + q3q4) - my) + _2bx * q2 * (_2bx * (q1q3 + q2q4) + _2bz * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3) - mz); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 751 | norm = sqrt(s1 * s1 + s2 * s2 + s3 * s3 + s4 * s4); // normalise step magnitude |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 752 | norm = 1.0f/norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 753 | s1 *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 754 | s2 *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 755 | s3 *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 756 | s4 *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 757 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 758 | // Compute rate of change of quaternion |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 759 | qDot1 = 0.5f * (-q2 * gx - q3 * gy - q4 * gz) - beta * s1; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 760 | qDot2 = 0.5f * (q1 * gx + q3 * gz - q4 * gy) - beta * s2; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 761 | qDot3 = 0.5f * (q1 * gy - q2 * gz + q4 * gx) - beta * s3; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 762 | qDot4 = 0.5f * (q1 * gz + q2 * gy - q3 * gx) - beta * s4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 763 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 764 | // Integrate to yield quaternion |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 765 | q1 += qDot1 * deltat; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 766 | q2 += qDot2 * deltat; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 767 | q3 += qDot3 * deltat; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 768 | q4 += qDot4 * deltat; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 769 | norm = sqrt(q1 * q1 + q2 * q2 + q3 * q3 + q4 * q4); // normalise quaternion |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 770 | norm = 1.0f/norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 771 | q[0] = q1 * norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 772 | q[1] = q2 * norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 773 | q[2] = q3 * norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 774 | q[3] = q4 * norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 775 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 776 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 777 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 778 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 779 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 780 | // Similar to Madgwick scheme but uses proportional and integral filtering on the error between estimated reference vectors and |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 781 | // measured ones. |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 782 | void MahonyQuaternionUpdate(float ax, float ay, float az, float gx, float gy, float gz, float mx, float my, float mz) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 783 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 784 | float q1 = q[0], q2 = q[1], q3 = q[2], q4 = q[3]; // short name local variable for readability |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 785 | float norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 786 | float hx, hy, bx, bz; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 787 | float vx, vy, vz, wx, wy, wz; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 788 | float ex, ey, ez; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 789 | float pa, pb, pc; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 790 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 791 | // Auxiliary variables to avoid repeated arithmetic |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 792 | float q1q1 = q1 * q1; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 793 | float q1q2 = q1 * q2; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 794 | float q1q3 = q1 * q3; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 795 | float q1q4 = q1 * q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 796 | float q2q2 = q2 * q2; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 797 | float q2q3 = q2 * q3; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 798 | float q2q4 = q2 * q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 799 | float q3q3 = q3 * q3; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 800 | float q3q4 = q3 * q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 801 | float q4q4 = q4 * q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 802 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 803 | // Normalise accelerometer measurement |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 804 | norm = sqrt(ax * ax + ay * ay + az * az); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 805 | if (norm == 0.0f) return; // handle NaN |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 806 | norm = 1.0f / norm; // use reciprocal for division |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 807 | ax *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 808 | ay *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 809 | az *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 810 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 811 | // Normalise magnetometer measurement |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 812 | norm = sqrt(mx * mx + my * my + mz * mz); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 813 | if (norm == 0.0f) return; // handle NaN |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 814 | norm = 1.0f / norm; // use reciprocal for division |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 815 | mx *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 816 | my *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 817 | mz *= norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 818 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 819 | // Reference direction of Earth's magnetic field |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 820 | hx = 2.0f * mx * (0.5f - q3q3 - q4q4) + 2.0f * my * (q2q3 - q1q4) + 2.0f * mz * (q2q4 + q1q3); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 821 | hy = 2.0f * mx * (q2q3 + q1q4) + 2.0f * my * (0.5f - q2q2 - q4q4) + 2.0f * mz * (q3q4 - q1q2); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 822 | bx = sqrt((hx * hx) + (hy * hy)); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 823 | bz = 2.0f * mx * (q2q4 - q1q3) + 2.0f * my * (q3q4 + q1q2) + 2.0f * mz * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 824 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 825 | // Estimated direction of gravity and magnetic field |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 826 | vx = 2.0f * (q2q4 - q1q3); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 827 | vy = 2.0f * (q1q2 + q3q4); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 828 | vz = q1q1 - q2q2 - q3q3 + q4q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 829 | wx = 2.0f * bx * (0.5f - q3q3 - q4q4) + 2.0f * bz * (q2q4 - q1q3); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 830 | wy = 2.0f * bx * (q2q3 - q1q4) + 2.0f * bz * (q1q2 + q3q4); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 831 | wz = 2.0f * bx * (q1q3 + q2q4) + 2.0f * bz * (0.5f - q2q2 - q3q3); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 832 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 833 | // Error is cross product between estimated direction and measured direction of gravity |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 834 | ex = (ay * vz - az * vy) + (my * wz - mz * wy); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 835 | ey = (az * vx - ax * vz) + (mz * wx - mx * wz); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 836 | ez = (ax * vy - ay * vx) + (mx * wy - my * wx); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 837 | if (Ki > 0.0f) |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 838 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 839 | eInt[0] += ex; // accumulate integral error |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 840 | eInt[1] += ey; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 841 | eInt[2] += ez; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 842 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 843 | else |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 844 | { |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 845 | eInt[0] = 0.0f; // prevent integral wind up |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 846 | eInt[1] = 0.0f; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 847 | eInt[2] = 0.0f; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 848 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 849 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 850 | // Apply feedback terms |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 851 | gx = gx + Kp * ex + Ki * eInt[0]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 852 | gy = gy + Kp * ey + Ki * eInt[1]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 853 | gz = gz + Kp * ez + Ki * eInt[2]; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 854 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 855 | // Integrate rate of change of quaternion |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 856 | pa = q2; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 857 | pb = q3; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 858 | pc = q4; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 859 | q1 = q1 + (-q2 * gx - q3 * gy - q4 * gz) * (0.5f * deltat); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 860 | q2 = pa + (q1 * gx + pb * gz - pc * gy) * (0.5f * deltat); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 861 | q3 = pb + (q1 * gy - pa * gz + pc * gx) * (0.5f * deltat); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 862 | q4 = pc + (q1 * gz + pa * gy - pb * gx) * (0.5f * deltat); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 863 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 864 | // Normalise quaternion |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 865 | norm = sqrt(q1 * q1 + q2 * q2 + q3 * q3 + q4 * q4); |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 866 | norm = 1.0f / norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 867 | q[0] = q1 * norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 868 | q[1] = q2 * norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 869 | q[2] = q3 * norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 870 | q[3] = q4 * norm; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 871 | |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 872 | } |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 873 | }; |
| demayer | 3:5b211a56c6fb | 874 | #endif |