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/**
* @author Samuel Mokrani
*
* @section LICENSE
*
* Copyright (c) 2011 mbed
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*
* @section DESCRIPTION
*    Types Abstraction. Minimalist JSON serializer and parser (inspired by picojson). Is used by MbedJSONRpc.
*
*/

#ifndef _Mbed_RPC_VALUE_H_
#define _Mbed_RPC_VALUE_H_

#define NB_TOKEN 20
/*!< Number maximum of MbedJSONValue in an array or an object */

#include <string>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

/** MbedJSONValue class
 *
 * Example:
 *    - creation of an MbedJSONValue of type TypeObject containing two others MbedJSONValue: 
 *         -one array of one string and one integer identified by "my_array"
 *         -a boolean identified by "my_boolean"
 *    - serialization in JSON format of this object
 * @code
 * #include "mbed.h"
 * #include "MbedJSONValue.h"
 * #include <string>
 *
 * int main() {          
 *
 *   MbedJSONValue demo;
 *   std::string s;
 *
 *   //fill the object
 *   demo["my_array"][0] = "demo_string";
 *   demo["my_array"][1] = 10;
 *   demo["my_boolean"] = false;
 *
 *   //serialize it into a JSON string
 *   s = demo.serialize();
 *   printf("json: %s\r\n", s.c_str());
 * }
 *  
 * @endcode
 *
 * Example:
 *     - creation of an MbedJSONValue from a JSON string
 *     - extraction of different values from this existing MbedJSONValue
 * @code
 * #include "mbed.h"
 * #include "MbedJSONValue.h"
 * #include <string>
 *
 * int main() {     
 *    MbedJSONValue demo;
 *
 *   const  char * json = "{\"my_array\": [\"demo_string\", 10], \"my_boolean\": true}";
 *
 *   //parse the previous string and fill the object demo
 *   parse(demo, json);
 *
 *   std::string my_str;
 *   int my_int;
 *   bool my_bool;
 *
 *   my_str = demo["my_array"][0].get<std::string>();
 *   my_int = demo["my_array"][1].get<int>();
 *   my_bool = demo["my_boolean"].get<bool>();
 *   
 *    printf("my_str: %s\r\n", my_str.c_str());
 *    printf("my_int: %d\r\n", my_int);
 *    printf("my_bool: %s\r\n", my_bool ? "true" : "false");
 * }
 * @endcode
 */
class MbedJSONValue {
public:

    /**
    * \enum Type
    * \brief All types which can be used
    */
    enum Type {
        TypeNull,     /*!< Null type */
        TypeBoolean,  /*!< Boolean */
        TypeInt,      /*!< Integer */
        TypeDouble,   /*!< Double */
        TypeString,   /*!< String */
        TypeArray,    /*!< Array (contains MbedJSONValue) */
        TypeObject    /*!< Object (contains MbedJSONValue identified by a name)*/
    };

    /**
    * MbedJSONValue constructor of type TypeNull
    */
    MbedJSONValue() : _type(TypeNull), index_array(0), index_token(0) {}
    
    /**
    * MbedJSONValue constructor of type TypeBoolean
    *
    * @param value the object created will be initialized with this boolean
    */
    MbedJSONValue(bool value) : _type(TypeBoolean), index_array(0), index_token(0) {
        _value.asBool = value;
    }
    
    /**
    * MbedJSONValue constructor of type TypeInt
    *
    * @param value the object created will be initialized with this integer
    */
    MbedJSONValue(int value)  : _type(TypeInt), index_array(0), index_token(0) {
        _value.asInt = value;
    }
    
    /**
    * MbedJSONValue constructor of type TypeDouble
    *
    * @param value the object created will be initialized with this double
    */
    MbedJSONValue(double value)  : _type(TypeDouble), index_array(0), index_token(0) {
        _value.asDouble = value;
    }

    /**
    * MbedJSONValue constructor of type TypeString
    *
    * @param value the object created will be initialized with this string
    */
    MbedJSONValue(std::string const& value) : _type(TypeString), index_array(0), index_token(0) {
        _value.asString = new std::string(value);
    }

    /**
    * MbedJSONValue constructor of type TypeString
    *
    * @param value the object created will be initialized with this string
    */
    MbedJSONValue(const char* value)  : _type(TypeString), index_array(0), index_token(0) {
        _value.asString = new std::string(value);
    }

    /**
    * Copy constructor
    *
    * @param rhs object which will be copied
    */
    MbedJSONValue(MbedJSONValue const& rhs) : _type(TypeNull) {  *this = rhs;  }

    /**
    * Destructor
    */
    ~MbedJSONValue() {  clean();  }

    /**
    * = Operator overloading for an MbedJSONValue from an MbedJSONValue
    *
    * @param rhs object
    * @return a reference on the MbedJSONValue affected
    */
    MbedJSONValue& operator=(MbedJSONValue const & rhs);
    
    /**
    * = Operator overloading for an MbedJSONValue from an int
    *
    * @param rhs integer
    * @return a reference on the MbedJSONValue affected
    */
    MbedJSONValue& operator=(int const& rhs) { return operator=(MbedJSONValue(rhs));  }
    
    /**
    * = Operator overloading for an MbedJSONValue from a boolean
    *
    * @param rhs boolean
    * @return a reference on the MbedJSONValue affected
    */
    MbedJSONValue& operator=(bool const& rhs) { return operator=(MbedJSONValue(rhs));  }
    
    /**
    * = Operator overloading for an MbedJSONValue from a double
    *
    * @param rhs double
    * @return a reference on the MbedJSONValue affected
    */
    MbedJSONValue& operator=(double const& rhs) {  return operator=(MbedJSONValue(rhs));  }
    
    /**
    * = Operator overloading for an MbedJSONValue from a string
    *
    * @param rhs string
    * @return a reference on the MbedJSONValue affected
    */
    MbedJSONValue& operator=(const char* rhs) {  return operator=(MbedJSONValue(std::string(rhs))); }
    
    
    /**
    * [] Operator overloading for an MbedJSONValue.
    * Each TypeObject object can contain an array of NB_TOKEN MbedJSONValue. 
    * This operator is useful to create an array or to retrieve an MbedJSONValue of an existing array.
    *
    * @param i index of the array
    * @return a reference on the MbedJSONValue created or retrieved
    */
    MbedJSONValue& operator[](int i);
    
    /**
    * [] Operator overloading for an MbedJSONValue.
    * Each TypeObject MbedJSONValue can contain NB_TOKEN MbedJSONValue IDENTIFIED BY A NAME 
    * This operator is useful to create a TypeObject MbedJSONValue or to retrieve an MbedJSONValue of an existing TypeObject.
    *
    *
    * @param str identifier of the sub MbedJSONValue
    * @return a reference on the MbedJSONValue created or retrieved
    */
    MbedJSONValue& operator[](std::string str);

    /**
    * Retrieve the value of an MbedJSONValue object.
    *
    * Let's suppose that we have an MbedJSONValue of type TypeString.
    * To retrieve this string, you have to do:
    *   my_obj.get<std::string>();
    *
    * @return A contant reference on the value of the object
    */
    template <typename T> const T& get() const;
    
    /**
    * Retrieve the value of an MbedJSONValue object.
    *
    * Let's suppose that we have an MbedJSONValue of type TypeInt.
    * To retrieve this integer, you have to do:
    *   my_obj.get<int>();
    *
    * @return A reference on the value of the object
    */
    template <typename T> T& get();


    /**
    * Return the type of the MbedJSONValue object
    *
    * @return type of the MbedJSONValue object
    */
    Type const &getType() const {
        return _type;
    }

    /**
    * Return the size of an MbedJSONValue object (works for TypeString, TypeArray or TypeObject) 
    *
    * @return size
    */
    int size() const;

    /**
    * Check for the existence in a TypeObject object of member identified by name
    *
    * @param name Identifier
    * @return true if the object is of type TypeObject AND contains a member named "name", false otherwise
    */
    bool hasMember(char * name);

    /**
    * Convert an MbedJSONValue in a JSON frame
    *
    * @return JSON string
    */
    std::string serialize();

protected:

    // object type
    Type _type;
    
    //indexes of TypeObject and TypeArray
    int index_array;
    int index_token;

    //an object can contain NB_TOKEN tokens. Each token have a name
    MbedJSONValue * token[NB_TOKEN];
    std::string * token_name[NB_TOKEN];

    //an object can contain an array of NB_TOKEN elements
    MbedJSONValue * array[NB_TOKEN];

    // Clean up
    void clean();

    union {
        bool          asBool;
        int           asInt;
        double        asDouble;
        std::string*  asString;
    } _value;


    MbedJSONValue& operator[](int i) const { return *(array[i]); }
    MbedJSONValue& operator[](std::string k) const;
    
    std::string to_str();
    void serialize(std::back_insert_iterator<std::string> os);

};


#define GET(ctype, var)                          \
  template <> inline const ctype& MbedJSONValue::get<ctype>() const { \
    return var;                              \
  }                                  \
  template <> inline ctype& MbedJSONValue::get<ctype>() {          \
    return var;                              \
  }
GET(bool, _value.asBool)
GET(double, _value.asDouble)
GET(int, _value.asInt)
GET(std::string, *_value.asString)
#undef GET


//Input class for JSON parser
class input {
protected:
    const char * cur_;
    const char * end_;
    int last_ch_;
    bool ungot_;
    int line_;
public:
    input(const char * first, const char * last) : cur_(first), end_(last), last_ch_(-1), ungot_(false), line_(1) {};

    int getc() {
        if (ungot_) {
            ungot_ = false;
            return last_ch_;
        }
        if (cur_ == end_) {
            last_ch_ = -1;
            return -1;
        }
        if (last_ch_ == '\n') {
            line_++;
        }
        last_ch_ = *cur_++ & 0xff;
        return last_ch_;
    }

    void ungetc() {
        if (last_ch_ != -1) {
            ungot_ = true;
        }
    }

    const char * cur() const {
        return cur_;
    }
    int line() const {
        return line_;
    }
    void skip_ws() {
        while (1) {
            int ch = getc();
            if (! (ch == ' ' || ch == '\t' || ch == '\n' || ch == '\r')) {
                ungetc();
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    int expect(int expect) {
        skip_ws();
        if (getc() != expect) {
            ungetc();
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
    bool match(const std::string& pattern) {
        for (std::string::const_iterator pi(pattern.begin());
                pi != pattern.end();
                ++pi) {
            if (getc() != *pi) {
                ungetc();
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
};



inline const char * parse(MbedJSONValue& out, const char * first, const char * last, std::string* err);

/**
* JSON string parser and creation of an MbedJSONValue
*
* @param out reference of an MbedJSONValue which will be filled according to the JSON string
* @param str JSON string
* @return A non empty string if there is a parsing error
*
*/

inline std::string parse(MbedJSONValue& out, const char * str);
inline bool _parse(MbedJSONValue& out, input& in);
inline bool _parse_number(MbedJSONValue& out, input& in);
inline bool _parse_string(MbedJSONValue& out, input& in);
inline bool _parse_array(MbedJSONValue& out, input& in);
inline bool _parse_object(MbedJSONValue& out, input& in);


inline bool _parse_string(MbedJSONValue& out, input& in) {
#ifdef DEBUG
    //printf("string detected\r\n");
#endif
    out = MbedJSONValue(std::string(""));
    std::string& s = out.get<std::string>();
    while (1) {
        int ch = in.getc();
        if (ch < ' ') {
            in.ungetc();
            return false;
        } else if (ch == '"') {
            return true;
        } else if (ch == '\\') {
            if ((ch = in.getc()) == -1) {
                return false;
            }
            switch (ch) {
#define MAP(sym, val) case sym: s.push_back(val); break
                    MAP('"', '\"');
                    MAP('\\', '\\');
                    MAP('/', '/');
                    MAP('b', '\b');
                    MAP('f', '\f');
                    MAP('n', '\n');
                    MAP('r', '\r');
                    MAP('t', '\t');
#undef MAP
                default:
                    return false;
            }
        } else {
            s.push_back(ch);
        }
    }
}

inline bool _parse_array(MbedJSONValue& out, input& in) {
#ifdef DEBUG
    //printf("array detected\r\n");
#endif
    int i = 0;
    if (in.expect(']')) {
        return true;
    }
    do {
        if (! _parse(out[i], in)) {
            return false;
        }
        i++;
    } while (in.expect(','));
    return in.expect(']');
}

inline bool _parse_object(MbedJSONValue& out, input& in) {
#ifdef DEBUG
    //printf("object detected\r\n");
#endif
    if (in.expect('}')) {
        return true;
    }
    do {
        MbedJSONValue key, val;
        if (in.expect('"') && _parse_string(key, in) && in.expect(':') && _parse(val, in)) {
            out[key.get<std::string>().c_str()] = val;
#ifdef DEBUG
            //printf("key: %s \r\n", key.get<std::string>().c_str());
#endif
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    } while (in.expect(','));
    return in.expect('}');
}

inline bool _parse_number(MbedJSONValue& out, input& in) {
#ifdef DEBUG
    //printf("number detected\r\n");
#endif
    std::string num_str;
    while (1) {
        int ch = in.getc();
        if (('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') || ch == '+' || ch == '-' || ch == '.'
                || ch == 'e' || ch == 'E') {
            num_str.push_back(ch);
        } else {
            in.ungetc();
            break;
        }
    }
    char* endp;
    if (strchr(num_str.c_str(), '.') != NULL || strchr(num_str.c_str(), 'e') != NULL || strchr(num_str.c_str(), '+') != NULL)
        out = MbedJSONValue(strtod(num_str.c_str(), &endp));
    else
        out = MbedJSONValue((int)strtod(num_str.c_str(), &endp));
    return endp == num_str.c_str() + num_str.size();
}

inline bool _parse(MbedJSONValue& out, input& in) {
    in.skip_ws();
    int ch = in.getc();
    switch (ch) {
#define IS(ch, text, val) case ch: \
      if (in.match(text)) { \
    out = val; \
    return true; \
      } else { \
    return false; \
      }
            IS('n', "ull", MbedJSONValue());
            IS('f', "alse", MbedJSONValue(false));
            IS('t', "rue", MbedJSONValue(true));
#undef IS
        case '"':
            return _parse_string(out, in);
        case '[':
            return _parse_array(out, in);
        case '{':
            return _parse_object(out, in);
        default:
            if (('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') || ch == '-') {
                in.ungetc();
                return _parse_number(out, in);
            }
            break;
    }
    in.ungetc();
    return false;
}

inline std::string parse(MbedJSONValue& out, const char * pos) {
    const char * last = pos + strlen(pos);
    std::string err;
    pos = parse(out, pos, last, &err);
    return err;
}

inline const char * parse(MbedJSONValue& out, const char * first, const char * last, std::string* err) {
    input in = input(first, last);
    if (! _parse(out, in) && err != NULL) {
        char buf[64];
        sprintf(buf, "syntax error at line %d near: ", in.line());
        *err = buf;
        while (1) {
            int ch = in.getc();
            if (ch == -1 || ch == '\n') {
                break;
            } else if (ch >= ' ') {
                err->push_back(ch);
            }
        }
    }
    return in.cur();
}

#endif // _MbedMbedJSONValue_H_