Revision 10:ae5f62a1e40e, committed 2019-05-08

Comitter:

wuweilong

Date:

Wed May 08 20:08:17 2019 +0000

Parent:

9:32e85f1fcd15

Commit message:

version1

Changed in this revision

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/Gamepad/Gamepad.cpp	Wed May 08 20:08:17 2019 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+#include "Gamepad.h"
+
+#include "mbed.h"
+
+//////////// constructor/destructor ////////////
+Gamepad::Gamepad()
+    :
+    _led1(new PwmOut(PTA1)),
+    _led2(new PwmOut(PTA2)),
+    _led3(new PwmOut(PTC2)),
+    _led4(new PwmOut(PTC3)),
+    _led5(new PwmOut(PTC4)),
+    _led6(new PwmOut(PTD3)),
+
+    _button_A(new InterruptIn(PTB9)),
+    _button_B(new InterruptIn(PTD0)),
+    _button_X(new InterruptIn(PTC17)),
+    _button_Y(new InterruptIn(PTC12)),
+    _button_L(new InterruptIn(PTB18)),
+    _button_R(new InterruptIn(PTB3)),
+    _button_back(new InterruptIn(PTB19)),
+    _button_start(new InterruptIn(PTC5)),
+    _button_joystick(new InterruptIn(PTC16)),
+
+    _vert(new AnalogIn(PTB10)),
+    _horiz(new AnalogIn(PTB11)),
+
+    _buzzer(new PwmOut(PTC10)),
+    _pot(new AnalogIn(PTB2)),
+
+    _timeout(new Timeout()),
+
+    _event_state(0),
+
+    _x0(0),
+    _y0(0)
+{}
+
+Gamepad::~Gamepad()
+{
+    delete _led1,_led2,_led3,_led4,_led5,_led6;
+    delete _button_A,_button_B,_button_joystick,_vert,_horiz;
+    delete _button_X,_button_Y,_button_back,_button_start;
+    delete _button_L,_button_R, _buzzer, _pot, _timeout;
+}
+
+///////////////// public methods /////////////////
+
+void Gamepad::init()
+{
+    leds_off();
+    init_buttons();
+
+    // read centred values of joystick
+    _x0 = _horiz->read();
+    _y0 = _vert->read();
+
+    // clear all flags
+    _event_state = 0;
+}
+
+void Gamepad::leds_off()
+{
+    leds(0.0);
+}
+
+void Gamepad::leds_on()
+{
+    leds(1.0);
+}
+
+void Gamepad::leds(float val) const
+{
+    if (val < 0.0f) {
+        val = 0.0f;
+    }
+    if (val > 1.0f) {
+        val = 1.0f;
+    }
+
+    // leds are active-low, so subtract from 1.0
+    // 0.0 corresponds to fully-off, 1.0 to fully-on
+    val = 1.0f - val;
+
+    _led1->write(val);
+    _led2->write(val);
+    _led3->write(val);
+    _led4->write(val);
+    _led5->write(val);
+    _led6->write(val);
+}
+
+void Gamepad::led(int n,float val) const
+{
+    // ensure they are within vlaid range
+    if (val < 0.0f) {
+        val = 0.0f;
+    }
+    if (val > 1.0f) {
+        val = 1.0f;
+    }
+    
+    switch (n) {
+        
+        // check for valid LED number and set value
+
+        case 1:
+            _led1->write(1.0f-val);   // active-low so subtract from 1
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            _led2->write(1.0f-val);   // active-low so subtract from 1
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            _led3->write(1.0f-val);   // active-low so subtract from 1
+            break;
+        case 4:
+            _led4->write(1.0f-val);   // active-low so subtract from 1
+            break;
+        case 5:
+            _led5->write(1.0f-val);   // active-low so subtract from 1
+            break;
+        case 6:
+            _led6->write(1.0f-val);   // active-low so subtract from 1
+            break;
+
+    }
+}
+
+float Gamepad::read_pot() const
+{
+    return _pot->read();
+}
+
+void Gamepad::tone(float frequency, float duration)
+{
+    _buzzer->period(1.0f/frequency);
+    _buzzer->write(0.5);  // 50% duty cycle - square wave
+    _timeout->attach(callback(this, &Gamepad::tone_off), duration );
+}
+
+bool Gamepad::check_event(GamepadEvent const id)
+{
+    // Check whether event flag is set
+    if (_event_state[id]) {
+        _event_state.reset(id);  // clear flag
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+// this method gets the magnitude of the joystick movement
+float Gamepad::get_mag()
+{
+    Polar p = get_polar();
+    return p.mag;
+}
+
+// this method gets the angle of joystick movement (0 to 360, 0 North)
+float Gamepad::get_angle()
+{
+    Polar p = get_polar();
+    return p.angle;
+}
+
+Direction Gamepad::get_direction()
+{
+    float angle = get_angle();  // 0 to 360, -1 for centred
+
+    Direction d;
+    // partition 360 into segments and check which segment the angle is in
+    if (angle < 0.0f) {
+        d = CENTRE;   // check for -1.0 angle
+    } else if (angle < 22.5f) {  // then keep going in 45 degree increments
+        d = N;
+    } else if (angle < 67.5f) {
+        d = NE;
+    } else if (angle < 112.5f) {
+        d = E;
+    } else if (angle < 157.5f) {
+        d = SE;
+    } else if (angle < 202.5f) {
+        d = S;
+    } else if (angle < 247.5f) {
+        d = SW;
+    } else if (angle < 292.5f) {
+        d = W;
+    } else if (angle < 337.5f) {
+        d = NW;
+    } else {
+        d = N;
+    }
+
+    return d;
+}
+
+///////////////////// private methods ////////////////////////
+
+void Gamepad::tone_off()
+{
+    // called after timeout
+    _buzzer->write(0.0);
+}
+
+void Gamepad::init_buttons()
+{
+    // turn on pull-downs as other side of button is connected to 3V3
+    // button is 0 when not pressed and 1 when pressed
+    _button_A->mode(PullDown);
+    _button_B->mode(PullDown);
+    _button_X->mode(PullDown);
+    _button_Y->mode(PullDown);
+    _button_back->mode(PullDown);
+    _button_start->mode(PullDown);
+    _button_L->mode(PullDown);
+    _button_R->mode(PullDown);
+    _button_joystick->mode(PullDown);
+    // therefore setup rising edge interrupts
+    _button_A->rise(callback(this,&Gamepad::a_isr));
+    _button_B->rise(callback(this,&Gamepad::b_isr));
+    _button_X->rise(callback(this,&Gamepad::x_isr));
+    _button_Y->rise(callback(this,&Gamepad::y_isr));
+    _button_L->rise(callback(this,&Gamepad::l_isr));
+    _button_R->rise(callback(this,&Gamepad::r_isr));
+    _button_start->rise(callback(this,&Gamepad::start_isr));
+    _button_back->rise(callback(this,&Gamepad::back_isr));
+    _button_joystick->rise(callback(this,&Gamepad::joy_isr));
+}
+
+// button interrupts ISRs
+// Each of these simply sets the appropriate event bit in the _event_state
+// variable
+void Gamepad::a_isr()
+{
+    _event_state.set(A_PRESSED);
+}
+void Gamepad::b_isr()
+{
+    _event_state.set(B_PRESSED);
+}
+void Gamepad::x_isr()
+{
+    _event_state.set(X_PRESSED);
+}
+void Gamepad::y_isr()
+{
+    _event_state.set(Y_PRESSED);
+}
+void Gamepad::l_isr()
+{
+    _event_state.set(L_PRESSED);
+}
+void Gamepad::r_isr()
+{
+    _event_state.set(R_PRESSED);
+}
+void Gamepad::back_isr()
+{
+    _event_state.set(BACK_PRESSED);
+}
+void Gamepad::start_isr()
+{
+    _event_state.set(START_PRESSED);
+}
+void Gamepad::joy_isr()
+{
+    _event_state.set(JOY_PRESSED);
+}
+
+// get raw joystick coordinate in range -1 to 1
+// Direction (x,y)
+// North     (0,1)
+// East      (1,0)
+// South     (0,-1)
+// West      (-1,0)
+Vector2D Gamepad::get_coord()
+{
+    // read() returns value in range 0.0 to 1.0 so is scaled and centre value
+    // substracted to get values in the range -1.0 to 1.0
+    float x = 2.0f*( _horiz->read() - _x0 );
+    float y = 2.0f*( _vert->read()  - _y0 );
+
+    // Note: the x value here is inverted to ensure the positive x is to the
+    // right. This is simply due to how the potentiometer on the joystick
+    // I was using was connected up. It could have been corrected in hardware
+    // by swapping the power supply pins. Instead it is done in software so may
+    // need to be changed depending on your wiring setup
+
+    Vector2D coord = {-x,y};
+    return coord;
+}
+
+// This maps the raw x,y coord onto a circular grid.
+// See:  http://mathproofs.blogspot.co.uk/2005/07/mapping-square-to-circle.html
+Vector2D Gamepad::get_mapped_coord()
+{
+    Vector2D coord = get_coord();
+
+    // do the transformation
+    float x = coord.x*sqrt(1.0f-pow(coord.y,2.0f)/2.0f);
+    float y = coord.y*sqrt(1.0f-pow(coord.x,2.0f)/2.0f);
+
+    Vector2D mapped_coord = {x,y};
+    return mapped_coord;
+}
+
+// this function converts the mapped coordinates into polar form
+Polar Gamepad::get_polar()
+{
+    // get the mapped coordinate
+    Vector2D coord = get_mapped_coord();
+
+    // at this point, 0 degrees (i.e. x-axis) will be defined to the East.
+    // We want 0 degrees to correspond to North and increase clockwise to 359
+    // like a compass heading, so we need to swap the axis and invert y
+    float x = coord.y;
+    float y = coord.x;
+
+    float mag = sqrt(x*x+y*y);  // pythagoras
+    float angle = RAD2DEG*atan2(y,x);
+    // angle will be in range -180 to 180, so add 360 to negative angles to
+    // move to 0 to 360 range
+    if (angle < 0.0f) {
+        angle+=360.0f;
+    }
+
+    // the noise on the ADC causes the values of x and y to fluctuate slightly
+    // around the centred values. This causes the random angle values to get
+    // calculated when the joystick is centred and untouched. This is also when
+    // the magnitude is very small, so we can check for a small magnitude and then
+    // set the angle to -1. This will inform us when the angle is invalid and the
+    // joystick is centred
+
+    if (mag < TOL) {
+        mag = 0.0f;
+        angle = -1.0f;
+    }
+
+    Polar p = {mag,angle};
+    return p;
+}
\ No newline at end of file

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/Gamepad/Gamepad.h	Wed May 08 20:08:17 2019 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+#ifndef GAMEPAD_H
+#define GAMEPAD_H
+
+#include <bitset>
+
+// Forward declaration of the classes that we use from the mbed library
+// This avoids the need for us to include the huge mbed.h header inside our
+// own library API
+namespace mbed
+{
+class AnalogIn;
+class InterruptIn;
+class PwmOut;
+class Timeout;
+}
+
+#define TOL 0.1f
+#define RAD2DEG 57.2957795131f
+
+/** Enum for direction */
+enum Direction {
+    CENTRE,  /**< joystick centred */
+    N,       /**< pushed North (0)*/
+    NE,      /**< pushed North-East (45) */
+    E,       /**< pushed East (90) */
+    SE,      /**< pushed South-East (135) */
+    S,       /**< pushed South (180) */
+    SW,      /**< pushed South-West (225) */
+    W,       /**< pushed West (270) */
+    NW       /**< pushed North-West (315) */
+};
+
+/** Vector 2D struct */
+struct Vector2D {
+    float x; /**< float for x value */
+    float y; /**< float for y value */
+};
+
+/** Polar coordinate struct */
+struct Polar {
+    float mag;  /**< float for magnitude */
+    float angle; /**< float for angle (in degrees) */
+};
+
+/** Gamepad Class
+@brief Library for interfacing with ELEC2645 Gamepad PCB, University of Leeds
+@author Dr Craig A. Evans
+@author Dr Alex Valanvanis
+@date Febraury 2017
+*/
+class Gamepad
+{
+    public:
+    /** Gamepad events 
+ * @brief List of events that can be registered on the gamepad
+ */
+enum GamepadEvent {
+    A_PRESSED,     ///< Button A has been pressed
+    B_PRESSED,     ///< Button B has been pressed
+    X_PRESSED,     ///< Button X has been pressed
+    Y_PRESSED,     ///< Button Y has been pressed
+    L_PRESSED,     ///< Button L has been pressed
+    R_PRESSED,     ///< Button R has been pressed
+    BACK_PRESSED,  ///< Button "Back" has been pressed
+    START_PRESSED, ///< Button "Start" has been pressed
+    JOY_PRESSED,   ///< Joystick button has been pressed
+    N_EVENTS       ///< A dummy flag that marks the end of the list
+};
+private:
+    mbed::PwmOut *_led1;
+    mbed::PwmOut *_led2;
+    mbed::PwmOut *_led3;
+    mbed::PwmOut *_led4;
+    mbed::PwmOut *_led5;
+    mbed::PwmOut *_led6;
+
+    mbed::InterruptIn *_button_A;
+    mbed::InterruptIn *_button_B;
+    mbed::InterruptIn *_button_X;
+    mbed::InterruptIn *_button_Y;
+    mbed::InterruptIn *_button_L;
+    mbed::InterruptIn *_button_R;
+    mbed::InterruptIn *_button_back;
+    mbed::InterruptIn *_button_start;
+    mbed::InterruptIn *_button_joystick;
+
+    mbed::AnalogIn *_vert;
+    mbed::AnalogIn *_horiz;
+
+    mbed::PwmOut   *_buzzer;
+    mbed::AnalogIn *_pot;
+
+    mbed::Timeout *_timeout;
+
+    std::bitset<N_EVENTS> _event_state; ///< A binary list of buttons that has been pressed
+
+    // centred x,y values
+    float _x0;
+    float _y0;
+
+public:
+
+    /** Constructor */
+    Gamepad();
+
+    /** Destructor */
+    ~Gamepad();
+
+    /** Initialise all peripherals and configure interrupts */
+    void init();
+
+    /** Turn all LEDs on */
+    void leds_on();
+
+    /** Turn all LEDs off */
+    void leds_off();
+
+    /** Set all LEDs to duty-cycle
+    *@param value in range 0.0 to 1.0
+    */
+    void leds(float val) const;
+
+    /** Set LED to duty-cycle
+    *@param led number (0 to 5)
+    *@param value in range 0.0 to 1.0
+    */
+    void led(int n,float val) const;
+
+    /** Read potentiometer
+    *@returns potentiometer value in range 0.0 to 1.0
+    */
+    float read_pot() const;
+
+    /** Play tone on piezo
+    * @param frequency in Hz
+    * @param duration of tone in seconds
+    */
+    void tone(float frequency, float duration);
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check whether an event flag has been set and clear it
+     * @param id[in] The ID of the event to test
+     * @return true if the event occurred
+     */
+    bool check_event(GamepadEvent const id);
+
+    /** Get magnitude of joystick movement
+    * @returns value in range 0.0 to 1.0
+    */
+
+    float get_mag();
+
+    /** Get angle of joystick movement
+    * @returns value in range 0.0 to 359.9. 0.0 corresponds to N, 180.0 to S. -1.0 is central
+    */
+    float get_angle();
+
+    /** Gets joystick direction
+    * @returns an enum: CENTRE, N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW,
+    */
+    Direction get_direction();    // N,NE,E,SE etc.
+
+    /** Gets raw cartesian co-ordinates of joystick
+    * @returns a struct with x,y members, each in the range 0.0 to 1.0
+    */
+    Vector2D get_coord();         // cartesian co-ordinates x,y
+
+    /** Gets cartesian coordinates mapped to circular grid
+    * @returns a struct with x,y members, each in the range 0.0 to 1.0
+    */
+    Vector2D get_mapped_coord();  // x,y mapped to circle
+
+    /** Gets polar coordinates of the joystick
+    * @returns a struct contains mag and angle
+    */
+    Polar get_polar();            // mag and angle in struct form
+
+private:
+    void init_buttons();
+    void tone_off();
+
+    void a_isr();
+    void b_isr();
+    void x_isr();
+    void y_isr();
+    void l_isr();
+    void r_isr();
+    void back_isr();
+    void start_isr();
+    void joy_isr();
+};
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/N5110/N5110.cpp	Wed May 08 20:08:17 2019 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+#include "mbed.h"
+#include "N5110.h"
+
+// overloaded constructor includes power pin - LCD Vcc connected to GPIO pin
+// this constructor works fine with LPC1768 - enough current sourced from GPIO
+// to power LCD. Doesn't work well with K64F.
+N5110::N5110(PinName const pwrPin,
+             PinName const scePin,
+             PinName const rstPin,
+             PinName const dcPin,
+             PinName const mosiPin,
+             PinName const sclkPin,
+             PinName const ledPin)
+    :
+    _spi(new SPI(mosiPin,NC,sclkPin)), // create new SPI instance and initialise
+    _led(new PwmOut(ledPin)),
+    _pwr(new DigitalOut(pwrPin)),
+    _sce(new DigitalOut(scePin)),
+    _rst(new DigitalOut(rstPin)),
+    _dc(new DigitalOut(dcPin))
+{}
+
+// overloaded constructor does not include power pin - LCD Vcc must be tied to +3V3
+// Best to use this with K64F as the GPIO hasn't sufficient output current to reliably
+// drive the LCD.
+N5110::N5110(PinName const scePin,
+             PinName const rstPin,
+             PinName const dcPin,
+             PinName const mosiPin,
+             PinName const sclkPin,
+             PinName const ledPin)
+    :
+    _spi(new SPI(mosiPin,NC,sclkPin)), // create new SPI instance and initialise
+    _led(new PwmOut(ledPin)),
+    _pwr(NULL), // pwr not needed so null it to be safe
+    _sce(new DigitalOut(scePin)),
+    _rst(new DigitalOut(rstPin)),
+    _dc(new DigitalOut(dcPin))
+{}
+
+N5110::~N5110()
+{
+    delete _spi;
+
+    if(_pwr) {
+        delete _pwr;
+    }
+
+    delete _led;
+    delete _sce;
+    delete _rst;
+    delete _dc;
+}
+
+// initialise function - powers up and sends the initialisation commands
+void N5110::init()
+{
+    turnOn();     // power up
+    reset();      // reset LCD - must be done within 100 ms
+
+    initSPI();
+    // function set - extended
+    sendCommand(0x20 | CMD_FS_ACTIVE_MODE | CMD_FS_HORIZONTAL_MODE | CMD_FS_EXTENDED_MODE);
+    // Don't completely understand these parameters - they seem to work as they are
+    // Consult the datasheet if you need to change them
+    sendCommand(CMD_VOP_7V38);    // operating voltage - these values are from Chris Yan's Library
+    sendCommand(CMD_TC_TEMP_2);   // temperature control
+    sendCommand(CMD_BI_MUX_48);   // changing this can sometimes improve the contrast on some displays
+
+    // function set - basic
+    sendCommand(0x20 | CMD_FS_ACTIVE_MODE | CMD_FS_HORIZONTAL_MODE | CMD_FS_BASIC_MODE);
+    normalMode();  // normal video mode by default
+    sendCommand(CMD_DC_NORMAL_MODE);  // black on white
+
+    clearRAM();      // RAM is undefined at power-up so clear
+    clear();   // clear buffer
+    setBrightness(0.5);
+}
+
+// sets normal video mode (black on white)
+void N5110::normalMode()
+{
+    sendCommand(CMD_DC_NORMAL_MODE);
+}
+
+// sets normal video mode (white on black)
+void N5110::inverseMode()
+{
+    sendCommand(CMD_DC_INVERT_VIDEO);
+}
+
+// function to power up the LCD and backlight - only works when using GPIO to power
+void N5110::turnOn()
+{
+    if (_pwr != NULL) {
+        _pwr->write(1);  // apply power
+    }
+}
+
+// function to power down LCD
+void N5110::turnOff()
+{
+    clear(); // clear buffer
+    refresh();
+    setBrightness(0.0);  // turn backlight off
+    clearRAM();   // clear RAM to ensure specified current consumption
+    // send command to ensure we are in basic mode
+    sendCommand(0x20 | CMD_FS_ACTIVE_MODE | CMD_FS_HORIZONTAL_MODE | CMD_FS_BASIC_MODE);
+    // clear the display
+    sendCommand(CMD_DC_CLEAR_DISPLAY);
+    // enter the extended mode and power down
+    sendCommand(0x20 | CMD_FS_POWER_DOWN_MODE | CMD_FS_HORIZONTAL_MODE | CMD_FS_EXTENDED_MODE);
+    // small delay and then turn off the power pin
+    wait_ms(10);
+
+    // if we are powering the LCD using the GPIO then make it low to turn off
+    if (_pwr != NULL) {
+        _pwr->write(0);  // turn off power
+    }
+
+}
+
+// function to change LED backlight brightness
+void N5110::setBrightness(float brightness)
+{
+    // check whether brightness is within range
+    if (brightness < 0.0f)
+        brightness = 0.0f;
+    if (brightness > 1.0f)
+        brightness = 1.0f;
+    // set PWM duty cycle
+    _led->write(brightness);
+}
+
+
+// pulse the active low reset line
+void N5110::reset()
+{
+    _rst->write(0);  // reset the LCD
+    _rst->write(1);
+}
+
+// function to initialise SPI peripheral
+void N5110::initSPI()
+{
+    _spi->format(8,1);    // 8 bits, Mode 1 - polarity 0, phase 1 - base value of clock is 0, data captured on falling edge/propagated on rising edge
+    _spi->frequency(4000000);  // maximum of screen is 4 MHz
+}
+
+// send a command to the display
+void N5110::sendCommand(unsigned char command)
+{
+    _dc->write(0);  // set DC low for command
+    _sce->write(0); // set CE low to begin frame
+    _spi->write(command);  // send command
+    _dc->write(1);  // turn back to data by default
+    _sce->write(1); // set CE high to end frame (expected for transmission of single byte)
+}
+
+// send data to the display at the current XY address
+// dc is set to 1 (i.e. data) after sending a command and so should
+// be the default mode.
+void N5110::sendData(unsigned char data)
+{
+    _sce->write(0);   // set CE low to begin frame
+    _spi->write(data);
+    _sce->write(1);  // set CE high to end frame (expected for transmission of single byte)
+}
+
+// this function writes 0 to the 504 bytes to clear the RAM
+void N5110::clearRAM()
+{
+    _sce->write(0);  //set CE low to begin frame
+    for(int i = 0; i < WIDTH * HEIGHT; i++) { // 48 x 84 bits = 504 bytes
+        _spi->write(0x00);  // send 0's
+    }
+    _sce->write(1); // set CE high to end frame
+}
+
+// function to set the XY address in RAM for subsequenct data write
+void N5110::setXYAddress(unsigned int const x,
+                         unsigned int const y)
+{
+    if (x<WIDTH && y<HEIGHT) {  // check within range
+        sendCommand(0x80 | x);  // send addresses to display with relevant mask
+        sendCommand(0x40 | y);
+    }
+}
+
+// These functions are used to set, clear and get the value of pixels in the display
+// Pixels are addressed in the range of 0 to 47 (y) and 0 to 83 (x).  The refresh()
+// function must be called after set and clear in order to update the display
+void N5110::setPixel(unsigned int const x,
+                     unsigned int const y)
+{
+    if (x<WIDTH && y<HEIGHT) {  // check within range
+        // calculate bank and shift 1 to required position in the data byte
+        buffer[x][y/8] |= (1 << y%8);
+    }
+}
+
+void N5110::clearPixel(unsigned int const x,
+                       unsigned int const y)
+{
+    if (x<WIDTH && y<HEIGHT) {  // check within range
+        // calculate bank and shift 1 to required position (using bit clear)
+        buffer[x][y/8] &= ~(1 << y%8);
+    }
+}
+
+int N5110::getPixel(unsigned int const x,
+                    unsigned int const y) const
+{
+    if (x<WIDTH && y<HEIGHT) {  // check within range
+        // return relevant bank and mask required bit
+
+        int pixel = (int) buffer[x][y/8] & (1 << y%8);
+
+        if (pixel)
+            return 1;
+        else
+            return 0;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+
+}
+
+// function to refresh the display
+void N5110::refresh()
+{
+    setXYAddress(0,0);  // important to set address back to 0,0 before refreshing display
+    // address auto increments after printing string, so buffer[0][0] will not coincide
+    // with top-left pixel after priting string
+
+    _sce->write(0);  //set CE low to begin frame
+
+    for(int j = 0; j < BANKS; j++) {  // be careful to use correct order (j,i) for horizontal addressing
+        for(int i = 0; i < WIDTH; i++) {
+            _spi->write(buffer[i][j]);  // send buffer
+        }
+    }
+    _sce->write(1); // set CE high to end frame
+
+}
+
+// fills the buffer with random bytes.  Can be used to test the display.
+// The rand() function isn't seeded so it probably creates the same pattern everytime
+void N5110::randomiseBuffer()
+{
+    int i,j;
+    for(j = 0; j < BANKS; j++) {  // be careful to use correct order (j,i) for horizontal addressing
+        for(i = 0; i < WIDTH; i++) {
+            buffer[i][j] = rand()%256;  // generate random byte
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+// function to print 5x7 font
+void N5110::printChar(char const          c,
+                      unsigned int const  x,
+                      unsigned int const  y)
+{
+    if (y<BANKS) {  // check if printing in range of y banks
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 5 ; i++ ) {
+            int pixel_x = x+i;
+            if (pixel_x > WIDTH-1)  // ensure pixel isn't outside the buffer size (0 - 83)
+                break;
+            buffer[pixel_x][y] = font5x7[(c - 32)*5 + i];
+            // array is offset by 32 relative to ASCII, each character is 5 pixels wide
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+// function to print string at specified position
+void N5110::printString(const char         *str,
+                        unsigned int const  x,
+                        unsigned int const  y)
+{
+    if (y<BANKS) {  // check if printing in range of y banks
+
+        int n = 0 ; // counter for number of characters in string
+        // loop through string and print character
+        while(*str) {
+
+            // writes the character bitmap data to the buffer, so that
+            // text and pixels can be displayed at the same time
+            for (int i = 0; i < 5 ; i++ ) {
+                int pixel_x = x+i+n*6;
+                if (pixel_x > WIDTH-1) // ensure pixel isn't outside the buffer size (0 - 83)
+                    break;
+                buffer[pixel_x][y] = font5x7[(*str - 32)*5 + i];
+            }
+            str++;  // go to next character in string
+            n++;    // increment index
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// function to clear the screen buffer
+void N5110::clear()
+{
+    memset(buffer,0,sizeof(buffer));
+}
+
+// function to plot array on display
+void N5110::plotArray(float const array[])
+{
+    for (int i=0; i<WIDTH; i++) {  // loop through array
+        // elements are normalised from 0.0 to 1.0, so multiply
+        // by 47 to convert to pixel range, and subtract from 47
+        // since top-left is 0,0 in the display geometry
+        setPixel(i,47 - int(array[i]*47.0f));
+    }
+
+}
+
+// function to draw circle
+void N5110:: drawCircle(unsigned int const x0,
+                        unsigned int const y0,
+                        unsigned int const radius,
+                        FillType const     fill)
+{
+    // from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midpoint_circle_algorithm
+    int x = radius;
+    int y = 0;
+    int radiusError = 1-x;
+
+    while(x >= y) {
+
+        // if transparent, just draw outline
+        if (fill == FILL_TRANSPARENT) {
+            setPixel( x + x0,  y + y0);
+            setPixel(-x + x0,  y + y0);
+            setPixel( y + x0,  x + y0);
+            setPixel(-y + x0,  x + y0);
+            setPixel(-y + x0, -x + y0);
+            setPixel( y + x0, -x + y0);
+            setPixel( x + x0, -y + y0);
+            setPixel(-x + x0, -y + y0);
+        } else {  // drawing filled circle, so draw lines between points at same y value
+
+            int type = (fill==FILL_BLACK) ? 1:0;  // black or white fill
+
+            drawLine(x+x0,y+y0,-x+x0,y+y0,type);
+            drawLine(y+x0,x+y0,-y+x0,x+y0,type);
+            drawLine(y+x0,-x+y0,-y+x0,-x+y0,type);
+            drawLine(x+x0,-y+y0,-x+x0,-y+y0,type);
+        }
+
+        y++;
+        if (radiusError<0) {
+            radiusError += 2 * y + 1;
+        } else {
+            x--;
+            radiusError += 2 * (y - x) + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+void N5110::drawLine(unsigned int const x0,
+                     unsigned int const y0,
+                     unsigned int const x1,
+                     unsigned int const y1,
+                     unsigned int const type)
+{
+    int y_range = y1-y0;  // calc range of y and x
+    int x_range = x1-x0;
+    int start,stop,step;
+
+    // if dotted line, set step to 2, else step is 1
+    step = (type==2) ? 2:1;
+
+    // make sure we loop over the largest range to get the most pixels on the display
+    // for instance, if drawing a vertical line (x_range = 0), we need to loop down the y pixels
+    // or else we'll only end up with 1 pixel in the x column
+    if ( abs(x_range) > abs(y_range) ) {
+
+        // ensure we loop from smallest to largest or else for-loop won't run as expected
+        start = x1>x0 ? x0:x1;
+        stop =  x1>x0 ? x1:x0;
+
+        // loop between x pixels
+        for (int x = start; x<= stop ; x+=step) {
+            // do linear interpolation
+            int y = y0 + (y1-y0)*(x-x0)/(x1-x0);
+
+            if (type == 0)   // if 'white' line, turn off pixel
+                clearPixel(x,y);
+            else
+                setPixel(x,y);  // else if 'black' or 'dotted' turn on pixel
+        }
+    } else {
+
+        // ensure we loop from smallest to largest or else for-loop won't run as expected
+        start = y1>y0 ? y0:y1;
+        stop =  y1>y0 ? y1:y0;
+
+        for (int y = start; y<= stop ; y+=step) {
+            // do linear interpolation
+            int x = x0 + (x1-x0)*(y-y0)/(y1-y0);
+
+            if (type == 0)   // if 'white' line, turn off pixel
+                clearPixel(x,y);
+            else
+                setPixel(x,y);  // else if 'black' or 'dotted' turn on pixel
+
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+void N5110::drawRect(unsigned int const x0,
+                     unsigned int const y0,
+                     unsigned int const width,
+                     unsigned int const height,
+                     FillType const     fill)
+{
+    if (fill == FILL_TRANSPARENT) { // transparent, just outline
+        drawLine(x0,y0,x0+(width-1),y0,1);  // top
+        drawLine(x0,y0+(height-1),x0+(width-1),y0+(height-1),1);  // bottom
+        drawLine(x0,y0,x0,y0+(height-1),1);  // left
+        drawLine(x0+(width-1),y0,x0+(width-1),y0+(height-1),1);  // right
+    } else { // filled rectangle
+        int type = (fill==FILL_BLACK) ? 1:0;  // black or white fill
+        for (int y = y0; y<y0+height; y++) {  // loop through rows of rectangle
+            drawLine(x0,y,x0+(width-1),y,type);  // draw line across screen
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/N5110/N5110.h	Wed May 08 20:08:17 2019 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,502 @@
+#ifndef N5110_H
+#define N5110_H
+
+#include "mbed.h"
+
+// Command Bytes - taken from Chris Yan's library
+// More information can be found in the display datasheet
+// H = 0 - Basic instructions
+#define CMD_DC_CLEAR_DISPLAY   0x08
+#define CMD_DC_NORMAL_MODE     0x0C
+#define CMD_DC_FILL_DISPLAY    0x09
+#define CMD_DC_INVERT_VIDEO    0x0D
+#define CMD_FS_HORIZONTAL_MODE 0x00
+#define CMD_FS_VERTICAL_MODE   0x02
+#define CMD_FS_BASIC_MODE      0x00
+#define CMD_FS_EXTENDED_MODE   0x01
+#define CMD_FS_ACTIVE_MODE     0x00
+#define CMD_FS_POWER_DOWN_MODE 0x04
+// H = 1 - Extended instructions
+#define CMD_TC_TEMP_0          0x04
+#define CMD_TC_TEMP_1          0x05
+#define CMD_TC_TEMP_2          0x06
+#define CMD_TC_TEMP_3          0x07
+#define CMD_BI_MUX_24          0x15
+#define CMD_BI_MUX_48          0x13
+#define CMD_BI_MUX_100         0x10
+#define CMD_VOP_6V06           0xB2
+#define CMD_VOP_7V38           0xC8
+
+// number of pixels on display
+#define WIDTH 84
+#define HEIGHT 48
+#define BANKS 6
+
+/// Fill types for 2D shapes
+enum FillType {
+    FILL_TRANSPARENT, ///< Transparent with outline
+    FILL_BLACK,       ///< Filled black
+    FILL_WHITE,       ///< Filled white (no outline)
+};
+
+/** N5110 Class
+@brief Library for interfacing with Nokia 5110 LCD display (https://www.sparkfun.com/products/10168) using the hardware SPI on the mbed.
+@brief The display is powered from a GPIO pin meaning it can be controlled via software.  The LED backlight is also software-controllable (via PWM pin).
+@brief Can print characters and strings to the display using the included 5x7 font.
+@brief The library also implements a screen buffer so that individual pixels on the display (84 x 48) can be set, cleared and read.
+@brief The library can print primitive shapes (lines, circles, rectangles)
+@brief Acknowledgements to Chris Yan's Nokia_5110 Library.
+
+@brief Revision 1.3
+
+@author Craig A. Evans
+@date   7th February 2017
+
+@code
+
+#include "mbed.h"
+#include "N5110.h"
+
+//    VCC,SCE,RST,D/C,MOSI,SCLK,LED
+//N5110 lcd(p7,p8,p9,p10,p11,p13,p21);  // LPC1768 - pwr from GPIO
+N5110 lcd(PTC9,PTC0,PTC7,PTD2,PTD1,PTC11);  // K64F - pwr from 3V3
+
+int main()
+{
+    // first need to initialise display
+    lcd.init();
+
+    while(1) {
+
+        // these are default settings so not strictly needed
+        lcd.normalMode();      // normal colour mode
+        lcd.setBrightness(0.5); // put LED backlight on 50%
+
+        lcd.clear(); // clear buffer at start of every loop
+        // can directly print strings at specified co-ordinates (must be less than 84 pixels to fit on display)
+        lcd.printString("Hello, World!",0,0);
+
+        char buffer[14];  // each character is 6 pixels wide, screen is 84 pixels (84/6 = 14)
+        // so can display a string of a maximum 14 characters in length
+        // or create formatted strings - ensure they aren't more than 14 characters long
+        int temperature = 27;
+        int length = sprintf(buffer,"T = %2d C",temperature); // print formatted data to buffer
+        // it is important the format specifier ensures the length will fit in the buffer
+        if (length <= 14)  // if string will fit on display (assuming printing at x=0)
+            lcd.printString(buffer,0,1);           // display on screen
+
+        float pressure = 1012.3;  // same idea with floats
+        length = sprintf(buffer,"P = %.2f mb",pressure);
+        if (length <= 14)
+            lcd.printString(buffer,0,2);
+
+        // can also print individual characters at specified place
+        lcd.printChar('X',5,3);
+
+        // draw a line across the display at y = 40 pixels (origin top-left)
+        for (int i = 0; i < WIDTH; i++) {
+            lcd.setPixel(i,40);
+        }
+        // need to refresh display after setting pixels or writing strings
+        lcd.refresh();
+        wait(5.0);
+
+        // can check status of pixel using getPixel(x,y);
+        lcd.clear();  // clear buffer
+        lcd.setPixel(2,2);  // set random pixel in buffer
+        lcd.refresh();
+        wait(1.0);
+
+        int pixel_to_test = lcd.getPixel(2,2);
+
+        printf("2,2 Pixel value = %i\n",pixel_to_test);
+
+        if ( pixel_to_test ) {
+            lcd.printString("2,2 is set",0,4);
+        }
+
+        // this one shouldn't be set
+        pixel_to_test = lcd.getPixel(3,3);
+
+        printf("3,3 Pixel value = %i\n",pixel_to_test);
+
+        if ( pixel_to_test == 0 ) {
+            lcd.printString("3,3 is clear",0,5);
+        }
+
+        lcd.refresh();
+        wait(4.0);
+
+        lcd.clear();            // clear buffer
+        lcd.inverseMode();      // invert colours
+        lcd.setBrightness(1.0); // put LED backlight on full
+
+        float array[84];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 84; i++) {
+            array[i] = 0.5 + 0.5*sin(i*2*3.14/84);
+        }
+
+        // can also plot graphs - 84 elements only
+        // values must be in range 0.0 - 1.0
+        lcd.plotArray(array);
+        lcd.refresh();
+        wait(5.0);
+
+        lcd.clear();
+        lcd.normalMode();      // normal colour mode back
+        lcd.setBrightness(0.5); // put LED backlight on 50%
+
+        // example of drawing lines
+        for (int x = 0; x < WIDTH ; x+=10) {
+            // x0,y0,x1,y1,type 0-white,1-black,2-dotted
+            lcd.drawLine(0,0,x,HEIGHT,2);
+        }
+        lcd.refresh();  // refresh after drawing shapes
+        wait(5.0);
+
+
+        lcd.clear();
+        // example of how to draw circles
+        lcd.drawCircle(WIDTH/2,HEIGHT/2,20,FILL_BLACK);  // x,y,radius,black fill
+        lcd.drawCircle(WIDTH/2,HEIGHT/2,10,FILL_WHITE);  // x,y,radius,white fill
+        lcd.drawCircle(WIDTH/2,HEIGHT/2,30,FILL_TRANSPARENT);  // x,y,radius,transparent with outline
+        lcd.refresh();  // refresh after drawing shapes
+        wait(5.0);
+
+        lcd.clear();
+        // example of how to draw rectangles
+        //          origin x,y,width,height,type
+        lcd.drawRect(10,10,50,30,FILL_BLACK);  // filled black rectangle
+        lcd.drawRect(15,15,20,10,FILL_WHITE);  // filled white rectange (no outline)
+        lcd.drawRect(2,2,70,40,  FILL_TRANSPARENT);    // transparent, just outline
+        lcd.refresh();  // refresh after drawing shapes
+        wait(5.0);
+    }
+}
+
+@endcode
+*/
+class N5110
+{
+private:
+// objects
+    SPI         *_spi;
+    PwmOut      *_led;
+    DigitalOut  *_pwr;
+    DigitalOut  *_sce;
+    DigitalOut  *_rst;
+    DigitalOut  *_dc;
+
+// variables
+    unsigned char buffer[84][6];  // screen buffer - the 6 is for the banks - each one is 8 bits;
+
+public:
+    /** Create a N5110 object connected to the specified pins
+    *
+    * @param pwr  Pin connected to Vcc on the LCD display (pin 1)
+    * @param sce  Pin connected to chip enable (pin 3)
+    * @param rst  Pin connected to reset (pin 4)
+    * @param dc   Pin connected to data/command select (pin 5)
+    * @param mosi Pin connected to data input (MOSI) (pin 6)
+    * @param sclk Pin connected to serial clock (SCLK) (pin 7)
+    * @param led  Pin connected to LED backlight (must be PWM) (pin 8)
+    *
+    */
+    N5110(PinName const pwrPin,
+          PinName const scePin,
+          PinName const rstPin,
+          PinName const dcPin,
+          PinName const mosiPin,
+          PinName const sclkPin,
+          PinName const ledPin);
+
+    /** Create a N5110 object connected to the specified pins (Vcc to +3V3)
+    *
+    * @param sce  Pin connected to chip enable (pin 3)
+    * @param rst  Pin connected to reset (pin 4)
+    * @param dc   Pin connected to data/command select (pin 5)
+    * @param mosi Pin connected to data input (MOSI) (pin 6)
+    * @param sclk Pin connected to serial clock (SCLK) (pin 7)
+    * @param led  Pin connected to LED backlight (must be PWM) (pin 8)
+    *
+    */
+    N5110(PinName const scePin,
+          PinName const rstPin,
+          PinName const dcPin,
+          PinName const mosiPin,
+          PinName const sclkPin,
+          PinName const ledPin);
+
+    /**
+     * Free allocated memory when object goes out of scope
+     */
+    ~N5110();
+
+    /** Initialise display
+    *
+    *   Powers up the display and turns on backlight (50% brightness default).
+    *   Sets the display up in horizontal addressing mode and with normal video mode.
+    */
+    void init();
+
+    /** Turn off
+    *
+    *   Powers down the display and turns of the backlight.
+    *   Needs to be reinitialised before being re-used.
+    */
+    void turnOff();
+
+    /** Clear
+    *
+    *   Clears the screen buffer.
+    */
+    void clear();
+
+    /** Turn on normal video mode (default)
+    *  Black on white
+    */
+    void normalMode();
+
+    /** Turn on inverse video mode (default)
+    *  White on black
+    */
+    void inverseMode();
+
+    /** Set Brightness
+    *
+    *   Sets brightness of LED backlight.
+    *   @param brightness - float in range 0.0 to 1.0
+    */
+    void setBrightness(float const brightness);
+
+    /** Print String
+    *
+    *   Prints a string of characters to the screen buffer. String is cut-off after the 83rd pixel.
+    *   @param x - the column number (0 to 83)
+    *   @param y - the row number (0 to 5) - the display is split into 6 banks - each bank can be considered a row
+    */
+    void printString(char const         *str,
+                     unsigned int const  x,
+                     unsigned int const  y);
+
+    /** Print Character
+    *
+    *   Sends a character to the screen buffer.  Printed at the specified location. Character is cut-off after the 83rd pixel.
+    *   @param  c - the character to print. Can print ASCII as so printChar('C').
+    *   @param x - the column number (0 to 83)
+    *   @param y - the row number (0 to 5) - the display is split into 6 banks - each bank can be considered a row
+    */
+    void printChar(char const         c,
+                   unsigned int const x,
+                   unsigned int const y);
+
+    /** Set a Pixel
+    *
+    *   This function sets a pixel in the screen buffer.
+    *   @param  x - the x co-ordinate of the pixel (0 to 83)
+    *   @param  y - the y co-ordinate of the pixel (0 to 47)
+    */
+    void setPixel(unsigned int const x,
+                  unsigned int const y);
+
+    /** Clear a Pixel
+    *
+    *   This function clears pixel in the screen buffer
+    *   @param  x - the x co-ordinate of the pixel (0 to 83)
+    *   @param  y - the y co-ordinate of the pixel (0 to 47)
+    */
+    void clearPixel(unsigned int const x,
+                    unsigned int const y);
+
+    /** Get a Pixel
+    *
+    *   This function gets the status of a pixel in the screen buffer.
+    *   @param  x - the x co-ordinate of the pixel (0 to 83)
+    *   @param  y - the y co-ordinate of the pixel (0 to 47)
+    *   @returns
+    *       0           - pixel is clear
+    *       1    - pixel is set
+    */
+    int getPixel(unsigned int const x,
+                 unsigned int const y) const;
+
+    /** Refresh display
+    *
+    *   This functions sends the screen buffer to the display.
+    */
+    void refresh();
+
+    /** Randomise buffer
+    *
+    *   This function fills the buffer with random data.  Can be used to test the display.
+    *   A call to refresh() must be made to update the display to reflect the change in pixels.
+    *   The seed is not set and so the generated pattern will probably be the same each time.
+    *   TODO: Randomise the seed - maybe using the noise on the AnalogIn pins.
+    */
+    void randomiseBuffer();
+
+    /** Plot Array
+    *
+    *   This function plots a one-dimensional array in the buffer.
+    *   @param array[] - y values of the plot. Values should be normalised in the range 0.0 to 1.0. First 84 plotted.
+    */
+    void plotArray(float const array[]);
+
+    /** Draw Circle
+    *
+    *   This function draws a circle at the specified origin with specified radius in the screen buffer
+    *   Uses the midpoint circle algorithm.
+    *   @see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midpoint_circle_algorithm
+    *   @param  x0     - x-coordinate of centre
+    *   @param  y0     - y-coordinate of centre
+    *   @param  radius - radius of circle in pixels
+    *   @param  fill   - fill-type for the shape
+    */
+    void drawCircle(unsigned int const x0,
+                    unsigned int const y0,
+                    unsigned int const radius,
+                    FillType const     fill);
+
+    /** Draw Line
+    *
+    *   This function draws a line between the specified points using linear interpolation.
+    *   @param  x0 - x-coordinate of first point
+    *   @param  y0 - y-coordinate of first point
+    *   @param  x1 - x-coordinate of last point
+    *   @param  y1 - y-coordinate of last point
+    *   @param  type - 0 white,1 black,2 dotted
+    */
+    void drawLine(unsigned int const x0,
+                  unsigned int const y0,
+                  unsigned int const x1,
+                  unsigned int const y1,
+                  unsigned int const type);
+
+    /** Draw Rectangle
+    *
+    *   This function draws a rectangle.
+    *   @param  x0 - x-coordinate of origin (top-left)
+    *   @param  y0 - y-coordinate of origin (top-left)
+    *   @param  width - width of rectangle
+    *   @param  height - height of rectangle
+    *   @param  fill   - fill-type for the shape
+    */
+    void drawRect(unsigned int const x0,
+                  unsigned int const y0,
+                  unsigned int const width,
+                  unsigned int const height,
+                  FillType const     fill);
+
+private:
+// methods
+    void setXYAddress(unsigned int const x,
+                      unsigned int const y);
+    void initSPI();
+    void turnOn();
+    void reset();
+    void clearRAM();
+    void sendCommand(unsigned char command);
+    void sendData(unsigned char data);
+};
+
+const unsigned char font5x7[480] = {
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,// (space)
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x5F, 0x00, 0x00,// !
+    0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00,// "
+    0x14, 0x7F, 0x14, 0x7F, 0x14,// #
+    0x24, 0x2A, 0x7F, 0x2A, 0x12,// $
+    0x23, 0x13, 0x08, 0x64, 0x62,// %
+    0x36, 0x49, 0x55, 0x22, 0x50,// &
+    0x00, 0x05, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00,// '
+    0x00, 0x1C, 0x22, 0x41, 0x00,// (
+    0x00, 0x41, 0x22, 0x1C, 0x00,// )
+    0x08, 0x2A, 0x1C, 0x2A, 0x08,// *
+    0x08, 0x08, 0x3E, 0x08, 0x08,// +
+    0x00, 0x50, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00,// ,
+    0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08,// -
+    0x00, 0x60, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00,// .
+    0x20, 0x10, 0x08, 0x04, 0x02,// /
+    0x3E, 0x51, 0x49, 0x45, 0x3E,// 0
+    0x00, 0x42, 0x7F, 0x40, 0x00,// 1
+    0x42, 0x61, 0x51, 0x49, 0x46,// 2
+    0x21, 0x41, 0x45, 0x4B, 0x31,// 3
+    0x18, 0x14, 0x12, 0x7F, 0x10,// 4
+    0x27, 0x45, 0x45, 0x45, 0x39,// 5
+    0x3C, 0x4A, 0x49, 0x49, 0x30,// 6
+    0x01, 0x71, 0x09, 0x05, 0x03,// 7
+    0x36, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x36,// 8
+    0x06, 0x49, 0x49, 0x29, 0x1E,// 9
+    0x00, 0x36, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00,// :
+    0x00, 0x56, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00,// ;
+    0x00, 0x08, 0x14, 0x22, 0x41,// <
+    0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14,// =
+    0x41, 0x22, 0x14, 0x08, 0x00,// >
+    0x02, 0x01, 0x51, 0x09, 0x06,// ?
+    0x32, 0x49, 0x79, 0x41, 0x3E,// @
+    0x7E, 0x11, 0x11, 0x11, 0x7E,// A
+    0x7F, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x36,// B
+    0x3E, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x22,// C
+    0x7F, 0x41, 0x41, 0x22, 0x1C,// D
+    0x7F, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x41,// E
+    0x7F, 0x09, 0x09, 0x01, 0x01,// F
+    0x3E, 0x41, 0x41, 0x51, 0x32,// G
+    0x7F, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x7F,// H
+    0x00, 0x41, 0x7F, 0x41, 0x00,// I
+    0x20, 0x40, 0x41, 0x3F, 0x01,// J
+    0x7F, 0x08, 0x14, 0x22, 0x41,// K
+    0x7F, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,// L
+    0x7F, 0x02, 0x04, 0x02, 0x7F,// M
+    0x7F, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x7F,// N
+    0x3E, 0x41, 0x41, 0x41, 0x3E,// O
+    0x7F, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x06,// P
+    0x3E, 0x41, 0x51, 0x21, 0x5E,// Q
+    0x7F, 0x09, 0x19, 0x29, 0x46,// R
+    0x46, 0x49, 0x49, 0x49, 0x31,// S
+    0x01, 0x01, 0x7F, 0x01, 0x01,// T
+    0x3F, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x3F,// U
+    0x1F, 0x20, 0x40, 0x20, 0x1F,// V
+    0x7F, 0x20, 0x18, 0x20, 0x7F,// W
+    0x63, 0x14, 0x08, 0x14, 0x63,// X
+    0x03, 0x04, 0x78, 0x04, 0x03,// Y
+    0x61, 0x51, 0x49, 0x45, 0x43,// Z
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0x41, 0x41,// [
+    0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20,// "\"
+    0x41, 0x41, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x00,// ]
+    0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04,// ^
+    0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40, 0x40,// _
+    0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x00,// `
+    0x20, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x78,// a
+    0x7F, 0x48, 0x44, 0x44, 0x38,// b
+    0x38, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x20,// c
+    0x38, 0x44, 0x44, 0x48, 0x7F,// d
+    0x38, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x18,// e
+    0x08, 0x7E, 0x09, 0x01, 0x02,// f
+    0x08, 0x14, 0x54, 0x54, 0x3C,// g
+    0x7F, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x78,// h
+    0x00, 0x44, 0x7D, 0x40, 0x00,// i
+    0x20, 0x40, 0x44, 0x3D, 0x00,// j
+    0x00, 0x7F, 0x10, 0x28, 0x44,// k
+    0x00, 0x41, 0x7F, 0x40, 0x00,// l
+    0x7C, 0x04, 0x18, 0x04, 0x78,// m
+    0x7C, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x78,// n
+    0x38, 0x44, 0x44, 0x44, 0x38,// o
+    0x7C, 0x14, 0x14, 0x14, 0x08,// p
+    0x08, 0x14, 0x14, 0x18, 0x7C,// q
+    0x7C, 0x08, 0x04, 0x04, 0x08,// r
+    0x48, 0x54, 0x54, 0x54, 0x20,// s
+    0x04, 0x3F, 0x44, 0x40, 0x20,// t
+    0x3C, 0x40, 0x40, 0x20, 0x7C,// u
+    0x1C, 0x20, 0x40, 0x20, 0x1C,// v
+    0x3C, 0x40, 0x30, 0x40, 0x3C,// w
+    0x44, 0x28, 0x10, 0x28, 0x44,// x
+    0x0C, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x3C,// y
+    0x44, 0x64, 0x54, 0x4C, 0x44,// z
+    0x00, 0x08, 0x36, 0x41, 0x00,// {
+    0x00, 0x00, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x00,// |
+    0x00, 0x41, 0x36, 0x08, 0x00,// }
+    0x08, 0x08, 0x2A, 0x1C, 0x08,// ->
+    0x08, 0x1C, 0x2A, 0x08, 0x08 // <-
+};
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/element/element.cpp	Wed May 08 20:08:17 2019 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#include "element.h"
+element::element()
+{
+
+}
+
+element::~element()
+{
+
+}
+void element::init(int size ,int foodx ,int foody,int snakex, int snakey ,int n)
+{  
+   _size=size;
+   _foodpos.x=foodx;
+   _foodpos.y=foody;
+   for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
+   _snakebody[i].x=snakex+2*i;
+   _snakebody[i].y=snakey;
+   }
+   
+}
+void element::update()
+{
+   
+    srand(time(NULL));
+    _foodpos.x=rand()%(WIDTH-2);
+    _foodpos.y=rand()%(HEIGHT-2);
+    
+}       
+
+Vector2D element::getfoodpos(){
+    Vector2D p;
+    p=_foodpos;
+    return p;
+}
+void element::draw(N5110 &lcd,int n){
+    lcd.drawRect(_foodpos.x,_foodpos.y,_size,_size,FILL_BLACK);
+    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
+    lcd.drawRect(_snakebody[i].x,_snakebody[i].y,3,3,FILL_BLACK);
+    }
+}
+void element::input(Gamepad &pad){
+    _d=pad.get_direction();
+}
+void element::move(int n){
+    int k=0;
+    if(_snakebody[0].x>_snakebody[1].x)
+    {
+        k=0;//
+    }
+    if(_snakebody[0].x<_snakebody[1].x)
+    {
+        k=1;
+    }
+    if(_snakebody[0].y<_snakebody[1].y)
+    {
+        k=2;
+    }
+    if(_snakebody[0].y>_snakebody[1].y)
+    {
+        k=3;
+    }
+    
+     for(int i=n-1;i>0;i--)
+    {
+        _snakebody[i].x=_snakebody[i-1].x;
+        _snakebody[i].y=_snakebody[i-1].y;
+    }
+     
+     if (_d == N && k!=3 ) 
+    {
+        _snakebody[0].y-=1;
+    
+     
+    } if (_d == S && k!=2) {
+     
+     _snakebody[0].y+=1;
+        
+    }if(_d==E && k!=1){
+       
+   _snakebody[0].x+=1;
+
+    
+    
+   }  if(_d==W && k!=0){
+       
+    _snakebody[0].x-=1;
+   
+    
+    }if(_d==CENTRE && k==0)
+    
+    {
+      _snakebody[0].x+=1;
+    }
+    if(_d==CENTRE && k==1)
+    
+    {
+      _snakebody[0].x-=1;
+    }
+      if(_d==CENTRE && k==2)
+    
+    {
+      _snakebody[0].y-=1;
+    }
+      if(_d==CENTRE && k==3)
+    
+    {
+      _snakebody[0].y+=1;
+    }
+                    
+}
+
+Vector2D element::getsnakepos(int n){
+    Vector2D p;
+    p=_snakebody[n];
+    return p;
+}
+    
+
+
+        
\ No newline at end of file

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/element/element.h	Wed May 08 20:08:17 2019 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#ifndef ELEMENT_H
+#define ELEMENT_H
+
+#include "mbed.h"
+#include "N5110.h"
+#include "Gamepad.h"
+/** snakegame
+* @brief snakegame
+* @author WUWEILONG 201282622
+* @date May.2019
+*/
+class element
+{
+
+public:
+     /** Constructor */
+     element();
+      /** Destructor */
+    ~element();
+    void init(int foodsize,int foodx,int foody,int snakex,int snakey,int n);
+    Vector2D getfoodpos();
+    Vector2D getsnakepos(int n);
+    void draw(N5110 &lcd,int n);
+    void update();
+    void input(Gamepad &pad);
+    void move(int n);
+    void initdirection();
+    
+    
+    
+   
+    /// accessors and mutators
+    
+private:
+
+    int _size;
+    Vector2D _foodpos;
+    Vector2D _snakebody[];
+    Direction _d;
+    
+};
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file

--- a/main.cpp	Wed Jul 16 09:49:22 2014 +0000
+++ b/main.cpp	Wed May 08 20:08:17 2019 +0000
@@ -1,13 +1,296 @@
 #include "mbed.h"
+#include "Gamepad.h"
+#include "N5110.h"
+#include "element.h"
+
+
+void init(int n);
+void render(int n);
+void update(int &n);
+void hitwall(int &n);
+void welcome();
+void eat(int &n);
+void hitself(int &n);
+
+N5110 lcd(PTC9,PTC0,PTC7,PTD2,PTD1,PTC11);
+Gamepad pad;
+element e;
+int main(){
+    int n=20;
+    int fps =8;
+    init(n);
+    welcome();
+    render(n);
+    wait(1.0f/fps); 
+    while(1){
+        
+        update(n);
+        render(n);
+        wait(1.0f/fps); 
+    }
+}
 
-DigitalOut gpo(D0);
-DigitalOut led(LED_RED);
+void init(int n){
+    lcd.init();
+    pad.init();
+    e.init(2,20,20,30,30,n);
+  
+}
+void render(int n){
+    lcd.clear();
+    e.draw(lcd,n);
+    lcd.drawRect(0,0,WIDTH,HEIGHT,FILL_TRANSPARENT);
+    lcd.refresh();
+}
+void update(int &n){
+    e.input(pad);
+    e.move(n);
+    eat(n);
+    hitwall(n);
+    hitself(n);
+    
+}
+void hitwall(int &n){
+    if(e.getsnakepos(0).x<=0 || e.getsnakepos(0).x+2>=WIDTH ||e.getsnakepos(0).y<=0||e.getsnakepos(0).y+2>=HEIGHT)
+    {
+       
+       while ( pad.check_event(Gamepad::BACK_PRESSED) == false){
+        lcd.clear();
+        lcd.printString("    FAILED    ",0,1);
+        lcd.printString(" YOU HIT WALL",0,2);
+        lcd.printString("  PRESS BACK    ",0,3);  
+        char buffer[14];
+         sprintf(buffer,"SCORE = %2d ",n-20);
+         lcd.printString(buffer,0,5);  
+        lcd.refresh();
+      
+        
+    }
+    n=20;
+    e.init(2,20,20,30,30,n);
+    
+    
+}
+
+}
+void welcome() {
+    
+    lcd.printString("     SNAKE!    ",0,1);  
+    lcd.printString("  Press Start to play ",0,4);
+    lcd.refresh();
+     
+    // wait flashing LEDs until start button is pressed 
+    while ( pad.check_event(Gamepad::START_PRESSED) == false) {
+        pad.leds_on();
+        wait(0.1);
+        pad.leds_off();
+        wait(0.1);
+    }
+ 
+} 
+void eat(int &n ){
 
-int main()
-{
-    while (true) {
-        gpo = !gpo; // toggle pin
-        led = !led; // toggle led
-        wait(0.2f);
+    for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
+    {
+        if(e.getsnakepos(0).y+i ==e.getfoodpos().y && e.getsnakepos(0).x ==e.getfoodpos().x )
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+           
+        }
+        if(e.getsnakepos(0).y+2==e.getfoodpos().y &&e.getsnakepos(0).x+i==e.getfoodpos().x)
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+          
+        }
+        if(e.getsnakepos(0).y==e.getfoodpos().y &&e.getsnakepos(0).x+i==e.getfoodpos().x)
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+          
+        }
+          if(e.getsnakepos(0).y+i==e.getfoodpos().y &&e.getsnakepos(0).x+2==e.getfoodpos().x)
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+          
+        }
+       //x,y
+        if(e.getsnakepos(0).y+i ==e.getfoodpos().y && e.getsnakepos(0).x ==e.getfoodpos().x+1 )
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+          
+        }
+        if(e.getsnakepos(0).y+2==e.getfoodpos().y &&e.getsnakepos(0).x+i==e.getfoodpos().x+1)
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+           
+        }
+        if(e.getsnakepos(0).y==e.getfoodpos().y &&e.getsnakepos(0).x+i==e.getfoodpos().x+1)
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+         
+        }
+          if(e.getsnakepos(0).y+i==e.getfoodpos().y &&e.getsnakepos(0).x+2==e.getfoodpos().x+1)
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+           
+        }
+        //x+1,y
+        
+         if(e.getsnakepos(0).y+i ==e.getfoodpos().y+1 && e.getsnakepos(0).x ==e.getfoodpos().x )
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+           
+        }
+        if(e.getsnakepos(0).y+2==e.getfoodpos().y+1 &&e.getsnakepos(0).x+i==e.getfoodpos().x)
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+          
+        }
+        if(e.getsnakepos(0).y==e.getfoodpos().y+1&&e.getsnakepos(0).x+i==e.getfoodpos().x)
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+         
+        }
+          if(e.getsnakepos(0).y+i==e.getfoodpos().y+1 &&e.getsnakepos(0).x+2==e.getfoodpos().x)
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+         
+        }
+        //x,y-1
+        if(e.getsnakepos(0).y+i ==e.getfoodpos().y+1 && e.getsnakepos(0).x ==e.getfoodpos().x +1)
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+          
+        }
+        if(e.getsnakepos(0).y+2==e.getfoodpos().y+1 &&e.getsnakepos(0).x+i==e.getfoodpos().x+1)
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+            
+        }
+        if(e.getsnakepos(0).y==e.getfoodpos().y+1 &&e.getsnakepos(0).x+i==e.getfoodpos().x+1)
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+       
+        }
+          if(e.getsnakepos(0).y+i==e.getfoodpos().y+1 &&e.getsnakepos(0).x+2==e.getfoodpos().x+1)
+        {
+            e.update();
+            n+=1;
+         
+        }
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+        
+}
+void hitself(int &n){
+    for(int i=2;i<n;i++)
+    {
+        for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
+        {
+        if(e.getsnakepos(0).x==e.getsnakepos(i).x+1 && e.getsnakepos(0).y+j==e.getsnakepos(i).y+1)
+        {
+            while ( pad.check_event(Gamepad::BACK_PRESSED) == false)
+            {
+            lcd.clear();
+            lcd.printString(" FAILED    ",0,1);
+            lcd.printString(" YOU HIT SELF!    ",0,2);
+            lcd.printString(" PRESS BACK    ",0,3);  
+            char buffer[14];
+            sprintf(buffer,"SCORE = %2d ",n-20);
+            lcd.printString(buffer,0,4);  
+            lcd.refresh();
+            lcd.clear();
+            
+        }
+         n=20;
+        e.init(2,20,20,30,30,n);
+      
+       
+        }
+        
+        
+        
+        
+         if(e.getsnakepos(0).x+j==e.getsnakepos(i).x+1 && e.getsnakepos(0).y==e.getsnakepos(i).y+1)
+        {
+            while ( pad.check_event(Gamepad::BACK_PRESSED) == false)
+            {
+            lcd.clear();
+            lcd.printString(" HIT SELF!    ",0,2);
+            lcd.printString(" PRESS BACK    ",0,3);
+            char buffer[14];
+            sprintf(buffer,"SCORE = %2d ",n-20);
+            lcd.printString(buffer,0,4);      
+            lcd.refresh();
+            lcd.clear();
+           
+            }
+             n=20;
+            e.init(2,20,20,30,30,n);
+       
+        }
+        
+        
+        
+        
+        
+        
+         if(e.getsnakepos(0).x+j==e.getsnakepos(i).x+1 && e.getsnakepos(0).y+2==e.getsnakepos(i).y+1)
+        {
+            while ( pad.check_event(Gamepad::BACK_PRESSED) == false)
+            {
+            lcd.clear();
+            lcd.printString(" HIT SELF!    ",0,2);
+            lcd.printString(" PRESS BACK    ",0,3); 
+            char buffer[14];
+            sprintf(buffer,"SCORE = %2d ",n-20);
+            lcd.printString(buffer,0,4);   
+            lcd.refresh();
+            lcd.clear();
+          
+                 
+            }
+            n=20;
+            e.init(2,20,20,30,30,n);
+       
+        }
+        
+        
+         if(e.getsnakepos(0).x+2==e.getsnakepos(i).x+1 && e.getsnakepos(0).y+j==e.getsnakepos(i).y+1)
+        {
+            while ( pad.check_event(Gamepad::BACK_PRESSED) == false)
+            {
+            lcd.clear();
+            lcd.printString(" HIT SELF!    ",0,2);
+            lcd.printString(" PRESS BACK    ",0,3);
+            char buffer[14];
+            sprintf(buffer,"SCORE = %2d ",n-20);
+            lcd.printString(buffer,0,4);    
+            lcd.refresh();
+            lcd.clear();
+           
+                 
+            }
+            n=20;
+            e.init(2,20,20,30,30,n);
+       
+        }
+        
+        }
+        }
+}
+
+            
\ No newline at end of file

--- a/mbed.bld	Wed Jul 16 09:49:22 2014 +0000
+++ b/mbed.bld	Wed May 08 20:08:17 2019 +0000
@@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
-http://mbed.org/users/mbed_official/code/mbed/builds/04dd9b1680ae
\ No newline at end of file
+https://os.mbed.com/users/mbed_official/code/mbed/builds/3a7713b1edbc
\ No newline at end of file