main.cpp

00001 /**
00002 @file N5110.cpp
00003  
00004 @brief Member functions implementations
00005  
00006 */
00007 #include "mbed.h"
00008 #include "N5110.h"
00009 #include "MMA8452.h"
00010 #include "Beep.h"
00011  
00012  
00013 N5110::N5110(PinName pwrPin, PinName scePin, PinName rstPin, PinName dcPin, PinName mosiPin, PinName sclkPin, PinName ledPin)
00014 {
00015  
00016     spi = new SPI(mosiPin,NC,sclkPin); // create new SPI instance and initialise
00017     initSPI();
00018  
00019     // set up pins as required
00020     led = new PwmOut(ledPin);
00021     pwr = new DigitalOut(pwrPin);
00022     sce = new DigitalOut(scePin);
00023     rst = new DigitalOut(rstPin);
00024     dc = new DigitalOut(dcPin);
00025  
00026 }
00027  
00028 // initialise function - powers up and sends the initialisation commands
00029 void N5110::init()
00030 {
00031     turnOn();     // power up
00032     wait_ms(10);  // small delay seems to prevent spurious pixels during mbed reset
00033     reset();      // reset LCD - must be done within 100 ms
00034  
00035     // function set - extended
00036     sendCommand(0x20 | CMD_FS_ACTIVE_MODE | CMD_FS_HORIZONTAL_MODE | CMD_FS_EXTENDED_MODE);
00037     // Don't completely understand these parameters - they seem to work as they are
00038     // Consult the datasheet if you need to change them
00039     sendCommand(CMD_VOP_7V38);    // operating voltage - these values are from Chris Yan's Library
00040     sendCommand(CMD_TC_TEMP_2);   // temperature control
00041     sendCommand(CMD_BI_MUX_48);   // bias
00042  
00043     // function set - basic
00044     sendCommand(0x20 | CMD_FS_ACTIVE_MODE | CMD_FS_HORIZONTAL_MODE | CMD_FS_BASIC_MODE);
00045     normalMode();  // normal video mode by default
00046     sendCommand(CMD_DC_NORMAL_MODE);  // black on white
00047  
00048     // RAM is undefined at power-up so clear
00049     clearRAM();
00050  
00051 }
00052  
00053 // sets normal video mode (black on white)
00054 void N5110::normalMode()
00055 {
00056     sendCommand(CMD_DC_NORMAL_MODE);
00057  
00058 }
00059  
00060 // sets normal video mode (white on black)
00061 void N5110::inverseMode()
00062 {
00063     sendCommand(CMD_DC_INVERT_VIDEO);
00064 }
00065  
00066 // function to power up the LCD and backlight
00067 void N5110::turnOn()
00068 {
00069     // set brightness of LED - 0.0 to 1.0 - default is 50%
00070     setBrightness(0.5);
00071     pwr->write(1);  // apply power
00072 }
00073  
00074 // function to power down LCD
00075 void N5110::turnOff()
00076 {
00077     setBrightness(0.0);  // turn backlight off
00078     clearRAM();   // clear RAM to ensure specified current consumption
00079     // send command to ensure we are in basic mode
00080     sendCommand(0x20 | CMD_FS_ACTIVE_MODE | CMD_FS_HORIZONTAL_MODE | CMD_FS_BASIC_MODE);
00081     // clear the display
00082     sendCommand(CMD_DC_CLEAR_DISPLAY);
00083     // enter the extended mode and power down
00084     sendCommand(0x20 | CMD_FS_POWER_DOWN_MODE | CMD_FS_HORIZONTAL_MODE | CMD_FS_EXTENDED_MODE);
00085     // small delay and then turn off the power pin
00086     wait_ms(10);
00087     pwr->write(0);
00088  
00089 }
00090  
00091 // function to change LED backlight brightness
00092 void N5110::setBrightness(float brightness)
00093 {
00094     // check whether brightness is within range
00095     if (brightness < 0.0)
00096         brightness = 0.0;
00097     if (brightness > 1.0)
00098         brightness = 1.0;
00099     // set PWM duty cycle
00100     led->write(brightness);
00101 }
00102  
00103  
00104 // pulse the active low reset line
00105 void N5110::reset()
00106 {
00107     rst->write(0);  // reset the LCD
00108     rst->write(1);
00109 }
00110  
00111 // function to initialise SPI peripheral
00112 void N5110::initSPI()
00113 {
00114     spi->format(8,1);    // 8 bits, Mode 1 - polarity 0, phase 1 - base value of clock is 0, data captured on falling edge/propagated on rising edge
00115     spi->frequency(4000000);  // maximum of screen is 4 MHz
00116 }
00117  
00118 // send a command to the display
00119 void N5110::sendCommand(unsigned char command)
00120 {
00121     dc->write(0);  // set DC low for command
00122     sce->write(0); // set CE low to begin frame
00123     spi->write(command);  // send command
00124     dc->write(1);  // turn back to data by default
00125     sce->write(1); // set CE high to end frame (expected for transmission of single byte)
00126  
00127 }
00128  
00129 // send data to the display at the current XY address
00130 // dc is set to 1 (i.e. data) after sending a command and so should
00131 // be the default mode.
00132 void N5110::sendData(unsigned char data)
00133 {
00134     sce->write(0);   // set CE low to begin frame
00135     spi->write(data);
00136     sce->write(1);  // set CE high to end frame (expected for transmission of single byte)
00137 }
00138  
00139 // this function writes 0 to the 504 bytes to clear the RAM
00140 void N5110::clearRAM()
00141 {
00142     int i;
00143     sce->write(0);  //set CE low to begin frame
00144     for(i = 0; i < WIDTH * HEIGHT; i++) { // 48 x 84 bits = 504 bytes
00145         spi->write(0x00);  // send 0's
00146     }
00147     sce->write(1); // set CE high to end frame
00148  
00149 }
00150  
00151 // function to set the XY address in RAM for subsequenct data write
00152 void N5110::setXYAddress(int x, int y)
00153 {
00154     if (x>=0 && x<WIDTH && y>=0 && y<HEIGHT) {  // check within range
00155         sendCommand(0x80 | x);  // send addresses to display with relevant mask
00156         sendCommand(0x40 | y);
00157     }
00158 }
00159  
00160 // These functions are used to set, clear and get the value of pixels in the display
00161 // Pixels are addressed in the range of 0 to 47 (y) and 0 to 83 (x).  The refresh()
00162 // function must be called after set and clear in order to update the display
00163 void N5110::setPixel(int x, int y)
00164 {
00165     if (x>=0 && x<WIDTH && y>=0 && y<HEIGHT) {  // check within range
00166         // calculate bank and shift 1 to required position in the data byte
00167         buffer[x][y/8] |= (1 << y%8);
00168     }
00169 }
00170  
00171 void N5110::clearPixel(int x, int y)
00172 {
00173     if (x>=0 && x<WIDTH && y>=0 && y<HEIGHT) {  // check within range
00174         // calculate bank and shift 1 to required position (using bit clear)
00175         buffer[x][y/8] &= ~(1 << y%8);
00176     }
00177 }
00178  
00179 int N5110::getPixel(int x, int y)
00180 {
00181     if (x>=0 && x<WIDTH && y>=0 && y<HEIGHT) {  // check within range
00182         // return relevant bank and mask required bit
00183         return (int) buffer[x][y/8] & (1 << y%8);
00184         // note this does not necessarily return 1 - a non-zero number represents a pixel
00185     } else {
00186         return 0;
00187     }
00188 }
00189  
00190 // function to refresh the display
00191 void N5110::refresh()
00192 {
00193     int i,j;
00194  
00195     setXYAddress(0,0);  // important to set address back to 0,0 before refreshing display
00196     // address auto increments after printing string, so buffer[0][0] will not coincide
00197     // with top-left pixel after priting string
00198  
00199     sce->write(0);  //set CE low to begin frame
00200  
00201     for(j = 0; j < BANKS; j++) {  // be careful to use correct order (j,i) for horizontal addressing
00202         for(i = 0; i < WIDTH; i++) {
00203             spi->write(buffer[i][j]);  // send buffer
00204         }
00205     }
00206     sce->write(1); // set CE high to end frame
00207  
00208 }
00209  
00210 // fills the buffer with random bytes.  Can be used to test the display.
00211 // The rand() function isn't seeded so it probably creates the same pattern everytime
00212 void N5110::randomiseBuffer()
00213 {
00214     int i,j;
00215     for(j = 0; j < BANKS; j++) {  // be careful to use correct order (j,i) for horizontal addressing
00216         for(i = 0; i < WIDTH; i++) {
00217             buffer[i][j] = rand()%256;  // generate random byte
00218         }
00219     }
00220  
00221 }
00222  
00223 // function to print 5x7 font
00224 void N5110::printChar(char c,int x,int y)
00225 {
00226     if (y>=0 && y<BANKS) {  // check if printing in range of y banks
00227  
00228         for (int i = 0; i < 5 ; i++ ) {
00229             int pixel_x = x+i;
00230             if (pixel_x > WIDTH-1)  // ensure pixel isn't outside the buffer size (0 - 83)
00231                 break;
00232             buffer[pixel_x][y] = font5x7[(c - 32)*5 + i];
00233             // array is offset by 32 relative to ASCII, each character is 5 pixels wide
00234         }
00235  
00236         refresh();  // this sends the buffer to the display and sets address (cursor) back to 0,0
00237     }
00238 }
00239  
00240 // function to print string at specified position
00241 void N5110::printString(const char * str,int x,int y)
00242 {
00243     if (y>=0 && y<BANKS) {  // check if printing in range of y banks
00244  
00245         int n = 0 ; // counter for number of characters in string
00246         // loop through string and print character
00247         while(*str) {
00248  
00249             // writes the character bitmap data to the buffer, so that
00250             // text and pixels can be displayed at the same time
00251             for (int i = 0; i < 5 ; i++ ) {
00252                 int pixel_x = x+i+n*6;
00253                 if (pixel_x > WIDTH-1) // ensure pixel isn't outside the buffer size (0 - 83)
00254                     break;
00255                 buffer[pixel_x][y] = font5x7[(*str - 32)*5 + i];
00256             }
00257  
00258             str++;  // go to next character in string
00259  
00260             n++;    // increment index
00261  
00262         }
00263  
00264         refresh();  // this sends the buffer to the display and sets address (cursor) back to 0,0
00265     }
00266 }
00267  
00268 // function to clear the screen
00269 void N5110::clear()
00270 {
00271     clearBuffer();  // clear the buffer then call the refresh function
00272     refresh();
00273 }
00274  
00275 // function to clear the buffer
00276 void N5110::clearBuffer()
00277 {
00278     int i,j;
00279     for (i=0; i<WIDTH; i++) {  // loop through the banks and set the buffer to 0
00280         for (j=0; j<BANKS; j++) {
00281             buffer[i][j]=0;
00282         }
00283     }
00284 }
00285  
00286 // function to plot array on display
00287 void N5110::plotArray(float array[])
00288 {
00289  
00290     int i;
00291  
00292     for (i=0; i<WIDTH; i++) {  // loop through array
00293         // elements are normalised from 0.0 to 1.0, so multiply
00294         // by 47 to convert to pixel range, and subtract from 47
00295         // since top-left is 0,0 in the display geometry
00296         setPixel(i,47 - int(array[i]*47.0));
00297     }
00298  
00299     refresh();
00300  
00301 }
00302  
00303 // function to draw circle
00304 void N5110:: drawCircle(int x0,int y0,int radius,int fill)
00305 {
00306     // from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midpoint_circle_algorithm
00307     int x = radius;
00308     int y = 0;
00309     int radiusError = 1-x;
00310  
00311     while(x >= y) {
00312  
00313         // if transparent, just draw outline
00314         if (fill == 0) {
00315             setPixel( x + x0,  y + y0);
00316             setPixel(-x + x0,  y + y0);
00317             setPixel( y + x0,  x + y0);
00318             setPixel(-y + x0,  x + y0);
00319             setPixel(-y + x0, -x + y0);
00320             setPixel( y + x0, -x + y0);
00321             setPixel( x + x0, -y + y0);
00322             setPixel(-x + x0, -y + y0);
00323         } else {  // drawing filled circle, so draw lines between points at same y value
00324  
00325             int type = (fill==1) ? 1:0;  // black or white fill
00326  
00327             drawLine(x+x0,y+y0,-x+x0,y+y0,type);
00328             drawLine(y+x0,x+y0,-y+x0,x+y0,type);
00329             drawLine(y+x0,-x+y0,-y+x0,-x+y0,type);
00330             drawLine(x+x0,-y+y0,-x+x0,-y+y0,type);
00331         }
00332  
00333  
00334         y++;
00335         if (radiusError<0) {
00336             radiusError += 2 * y + 1;
00337         } else {
00338             x--;
00339             radiusError += 2 * (y - x) + 1;
00340         }
00341     }
00342  
00343 }
00344  
00345 void N5110::drawLine(int x0,int y0,int x1,int y1,int type)
00346 {
00347     int y_range = y1-y0;  // calc range of y and x
00348     int x_range = x1-x0;
00349     int start,stop,step;
00350  
00351     // if dotted line, set step to 2, else step is 1
00352     step = (type==2) ? 2:1;
00353  
00354     // make sure we loop over the largest range to get the most pixels on the display
00355     // for instance, if drawing a vertical line (x_range = 0), we need to loop down the y pixels
00356     // or else we'll only end up with 1 pixel in the x column
00357     if ( abs(x_range) > abs(y_range) ) {
00358  
00359         // ensure we loop from smallest to largest or else for-loop won't run as expected
00360         start = x1>x0 ? x0:x1;
00361         stop =  x1>x0 ? x1:x0;
00362  
00363         // loop between x pixels
00364         for (int x = start; x<= stop ; x+=step) {
00365             // do linear interpolation
00366             int y = y0 + (y1-y0)*(x-x0)/(x1-x0);
00367  
00368             if (type == 0)   // if 'white' line, turn off pixel
00369                 clearPixel(x,y);
00370             else
00371                 setPixel(x,y);  // else if 'black' or 'dotted' turn on pixel
00372         }
00373     } else {
00374  
00375         // ensure we loop from smallest to largest or else for-loop won't run as expected
00376         start = y1>y0 ? y0:y1;
00377         stop =  y1>y0 ? y1:y0;
00378  
00379         for (int y = start; y<= stop ; y+=step) {
00380             // do linear interpolation
00381             int x = x0 + (x1-x0)*(y-y0)/(y1-y0);
00382  
00383             if (type == 0)   // if 'white' line, turn off pixel
00384                 clearPixel(x,y);
00385             else
00386                 setPixel(x,y);  // else if 'black' or 'dotted' turn on pixel
00387  
00388         }
00389     }
00390  
00391 }
00392  
00393 void N5110::drawRect(int x0,int y0,int width,int height,int fill)
00394 {
00395  
00396     if (fill == 0) { // transparent, just outline
00397         drawLine(x0,y0,x0+width,y0,1);  // top
00398         drawLine(x0,y0+height,x0+width,y0+height,1);  // bottom
00399         drawLine(x0,y0,x0,y0+height,1);  // left
00400         drawLine(x0+width,y0,x0+width,y0+height,1);  // right
00401     } else { // filled rectangle
00402         int type = (fill==1) ? 1:0;  // black or white fill
00403         for (int y = y0; y<= y0+height; y++) {  // loop through rows of rectangle
00404             drawLine(x0,y,x0+width,y,type);  // draw line across screen
00405         }
00406     }
00407  
00408 }
00409 
00410 
00411  
00412 MMA8452:: MMA8452(PinName sdaPin, PinName sclPin)
00413 {
00414     i2c = new I2C(sdaPin,sclPin); // create new I2C instance and initialise
00415     i2c->frequency(400000);       // I2C Fast Mode - 400kHz
00416     leds = new BusOut(LED4,LED3,LED2,LED1);  // for debug
00417 }
00418  
00419 void MMA8452::init()
00420 {
00421  
00422     i2c->frequency(400000); // set Fast Mode I2C frequency (5.10 datasheet)
00423  
00424     char data = readByteFromRegister(WHO_AM_I);  // p18 datasheet
00425     if (data != 0x2A) { // if correct ID not found, hand and flash error message
00426         error();
00427     }
00428  
00429     // put into STANDBY while configuring
00430     data = readByteFromRegister(CTRL_REG1); // get current value of register
00431     data &= ~(1<<0); // clear bit 0 (p37 datasheet)
00432     sendByteToRegister(data,CTRL_REG1);
00433  
00434     // Set output data rate, default is 800 Hz, will set to 100 Hz (clear b5, set b4/b3 - p37 datasheet)
00435     data = readByteFromRegister(CTRL_REG1);
00436     data &= ~(1<<5);
00437     data |=  (1<<4);
00438     data |=  (1<<3);
00439     sendByteToRegister(data,CTRL_REG1);
00440  
00441     //// Can also change default 2g range to 4g or 8g (p22 datasheet)
00442     data = readByteFromRegister(XYZ_DATA_CFG);
00443     data |=  (1<<0); // set bit 0 - 4g range
00444     sendByteToRegister(data,XYZ_DATA_CFG);
00445  
00446     // set ACTIVE
00447     data = readByteFromRegister(CTRL_REG1);
00448     data |= (1<<0);   // set bit 0 in CTRL_REG1
00449     sendByteToRegister(data,CTRL_REG1);
00450  
00451 }
00452  
00453 // read acceleration data from device
00454 Acceleration MMA8452::readValues()
00455 {
00456     // acceleration data stored in 6 registers (0x01 to 0x06)
00457     // device automatically increments register, so can read 6 bytes starting from OUT_X_MSB
00458     char data[6];
00459     readBytesFromRegister(OUT_X_MSB,6,data);
00460  
00461     char x_MSB = data[0];  // extract MSB and LSBs for x,y,z values
00462     char x_LSB = data[1];
00463     char y_MSB = data[2];
00464     char y_LSB = data[3];
00465     char z_MSB = data[4];
00466     char z_LSB = data[5];
00467  
00468     // [0:7] of MSB are 8 MSB of 12-bit value , [7:4] of LSB are 4 LSB's of 12-bit value
00469     // need to type-cast as numbers are in signed (2's complement) form (p20 datasheet)
00470     int x = (int16_t) (x_MSB << 8) | x_LSB;  // combine bytes
00471     x >>= 4;  // are left-aligned, so shift 4 places right to right-align
00472     int y = (int16_t) (y_MSB << 8) | y_LSB;
00473     y >>= 4;
00474     int z = (int16_t) (z_MSB << 8) | z_LSB;
00475     z >>= 4;
00476  
00477     // sensitivity is 1024 counts/g in 2g mode (pg 9 datasheet)
00478     //  "   "          512      "      4g     "
00479     //  "   "          256      "      8g     "
00480     Acceleration acc;
00481     
00482     acc.x = x/512.0;
00483     acc.y = y/512.0;
00484     acc.z = z/512.0;
00485     
00486     return acc;
00487 }
00488  
00489 // reads a byte from a specific register
00490 char MMA8452::readByteFromRegister(char reg)
00491 {
00492     int nack = i2c->write(MMA8452_W_ADDRESS,&reg,1,true);  // send the register address to the slave
00493     // true as need to send repeated start condition (5.10.1 datasheet)
00494     // http://www.i2c-bus.org/repeated-start-condition/
00495     if (nack)
00496         error();  // if we don't receive acknowledgement, flash error message
00497  
00498     char rx;
00499     nack = i2c->read(MMA8452_R_ADDRESS,&rx,1);  // read a byte from the register and store in buffer
00500     if (nack)
00501         error();  // if we don't receive acknowledgement, flash error message
00502  
00503     return rx;
00504 }
00505  
00506 // reads a series of bytes, starting from a specific register
00507 void MMA8452::readBytesFromRegister(char reg,int numberOfBytes,char bytes[])
00508 {
00509  
00510     int nack = i2c->write(MMA8452_W_ADDRESS,&reg,1,true);  // send the slave write address and the configuration register address
00511     // true as need to send repeated start condition (5.10.1 datasheet)
00512     // http://www.i2c-bus.org/repeated-start-condition/
00513  
00514     if (nack)
00515         error();  // if we don't receive acknowledgement, flash error message
00516  
00517     nack = i2c->read(MMA8452_R_ADDRESS,bytes,numberOfBytes);  // read bytes
00518     if (nack)
00519         error();  // if we don't receive acknowledgement, flash error message
00520  
00521 }
00522  
00523 // sends a byte to a specific register
00524 void MMA8452::sendByteToRegister(char byte,char reg)
00525 {
00526     char data[2];
00527     data[0] = reg;
00528     data[1] = byte;
00529     // send the register address, followed by the data
00530     int nack = i2c->write(MMA8452_W_ADDRESS,data,2);
00531     if (nack)
00532         error();  // if we don't receive acknowledgement, flash error message
00533  
00534 }
00535  
00536 void MMA8452::error()
00537 {
00538     while(1) {
00539         leds->write(15);
00540         wait(0.1);
00541         leds->write(0);
00542         wait(0.1);
00543     }
00544 }
00545 
00546 
00547 
00548 
00549 
00550 
00551 
00552 
00553 
00554 
00555 
00556 N5110 lcd(p7,p8,p9,p10,p11,p13,p26);
00557 MMA8452 mma8452(p28,p27); // SDA, SCL
00558 Serial serial(USBTX,USBRX);
00559 DigitalOut myLED1(p24);
00560 InterruptIn button(p29);
00561 Beep buzzer(p21);
00562 BusOut leds (LED4,LED3,LED2,LED1);
00563 
00564 int fsm[5]={1,3,8,12,0};//array for led in mbed
00565 int state=0;
00566 int buttonFlag=0;//button
00567 
00568 void buttonPressed(){
00569     buttonFlag=1;
00570     }
00571 
00572 
00573 int main()
00574 {
00575     // first need to initialise display and MMA8452
00576     
00577     lcd.init();
00578     mma8452.init();// 100 Hz update rate, ±4g scale
00579     
00580     
00581     lcd.normalMode();     
00582     
00583     //rise up button
00584     button.rise(&buttonPressed);
00585     
00586     //show initial interface
00587     lcd.printString("Acceleration",4,1);
00588     lcd.printString("And Angle",4,2);
00589     lcd.printString("Measurer",4,3);
00590     lcd.drawRect(2,2,78,43,0);    // transparent, just outline
00591     lcd.refresh();   // need to refresh screen after drawing rects
00592  
00593  
00594     wait(2.0);
00595     lcd.clear();
00596     
00597     Acceleration acceleration; // Accleration structure declared in MMA8452 class
00598     
00599     
00600     while(1) {
00601         
00602       
00603          
00604         lcd.printString("Acceleration:",0,0);
00605         lcd.printString("Angle:",0,4);
00606     
00607         myLED1 = 0;
00608    
00609         acceleration = mma8452.readValues(); // read current values and print over serial port
00610         
00611         
00612         
00613         //show acceleration x,y,z
00614         char x[14];
00615         int length=sprintf(x,"x = %.2f g",acceleration.x);
00616          if (length <= 14)
00617         lcd.printString(x,0,1);  
00618         
00619         char y[14];
00620         int length2=sprintf(y,"y = %.2f g",acceleration.y);
00621          if (length2 <= 14)
00622         lcd.printString(y,0,2); 
00623         
00624         char z[14];
00625         int length3=sprintf(z,"z = %.2f g",acceleration.z);
00626          if (length3 <= 14)
00627         lcd.printString(z,0,3); 
00628         
00629        //convert acceration in z  to angle
00630         char angleZ[14];
00631         float anglez=90-(acceleration.z/1*90);
00632       
00633              
00634              
00635         // set button   
00636         if (buttonFlag){
00637         buttonFlag=0;
00638         int angle3=sprintf(angleZ,"%.2f",anglez);
00639         lcd.printString(angleZ,0,5); 
00640         }
00641       
00642    
00643         
00644        if (anglez>=30){
00645         
00646            myLED1 = 1;
00647             
00648          }
00649              
00650              
00651              
00652       if(anglez>=30&&acceleration.x>0){
00653           
00654              leds=fsm[0];
00655             
00656             }
00657             
00658             
00659       if(anglez>=60&&acceleration.x>0){
00660             leds=fsm[1];
00661            
00662            }
00663            
00664        
00665       if(anglez>=30&&acceleration.x<0){
00666          
00667             leds=fsm[2];
00668            }
00669            
00670            
00671       if(anglez>=60&&acceleration.x<0){
00672             leds=fsm[3];
00673            }
00674            
00675         
00676       if(anglez<30){
00677            leds=fsm[4];
00678            }
00679            
00680            
00681      if(anglez>=60){
00682                 
00683                   buzzer.beep(2000,0.5);
00684            }
00685            
00686          
00687 
00688         wait(0.1);
00689           lcd.refresh();
00690     
00691 
00692         
00693     }
00694 
00695  
00696            }