brw1

Dependencies:   mbed

Revision:
0:a115ff47d1c1
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/RA8875/RA8875.h	Mon Nov 30 11:13:18 2015 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,1864 @@
+///
+/// @mainpage RA8875 Display Controller Driver library
+///
+/// The RA8875 Display controller is a powerful interface for low cost displays. It
+/// can support displays up to 800 x 600 pixels x 16-bit color. Another common 
+/// implementation is 480 x 272 x 16 with two layers. The two layers can be 
+/// exchanged, or blended in various ways (transparency, OR, AND, and more).
+/// It includes graphics acceleration capabilities for drawing primitives, 
+/// such as line, rectangle, circles, and more.
+///
+/// The controller additionally supports backlight control (via PWM), keypad scanning
+/// (for a 4 x 5 matrix) and resistive touch-panel support. 
+///
+/// @section Display_Config Display Configuration
+///
+/// This section details basics for bringing the display online. At a minimum,
+/// the display is instantiated. After that any of the available commands
+/// may be issued.
+///
+/// During the instantiation, the display is powered on, cleared, and the backlight
+/// is energized. Additionally, the keypad and touchscreen features are activated.
+/// It is important to keep in mind that the keypad had the default mapping, and
+/// the touchscreen does not have the calibration matrix configured, so additional
+/// steps may be necessary.
+/// 
+/// @code 
+/// RA8875 lcd(p5, p6, p7, p12, NC, "tft");
+/// lcd.init();
+/// lcd.foreground(Blue);
+/// lcd.line(0,0, 479,271);
+/// ...
+/// @endcode
+///
+/// @section Touch_Panel Touch Panel
+///
+/// The supported touch panel interface is for a resistive panel, and is natively 
+/// supported by the RA8875 controller. There are a few steps to enable this interface.
+///
+/// @subsection Touch_Panel_Enable Touch Panel Enable
+///
+/// @see TouchPanelInit has two forms - fully automatic, and controlled. See the APIs for
+/// details.
+///
+/// @subsection Touch_Panel_Calibration
+/// 
+/// The touch panel is not initially calibrated on startup. The application should 
+/// provide a means to activate the calibration process, and that should not require
+/// the touchscreen as it may not yet be usable. Alternately, a calibration matrix
+/// can be loaded from non-volatile and installed.
+///
+/// @section Keypad Keypad
+///
+/// The keypad has a default keypad mapping, but there is an API that permits
+/// installing a custom keymap.
+///
+#ifndef RA8875_H
+#define RA8875_H
+#include <mbed.h>
+
+#include "RA8875_Regs.h"
+#include "GraphicsDisplay.h"
+
+#define RA8875_DEFAULT_SPI_FREQ 5000000
+
+// Define this to enable code that monitors the performance of various
+// graphics commands.
+//#define PERF_METRICS
+
+// What better place for some test code than in here and the companion
+// .cpp file. See also the bottom of this file.
+//#define TESTENABLE
+
+/// DOS colors - slightly color enhanced
+#define Black       (color_t)(RGB(0,0,0))
+#define Blue        (color_t)(RGB(0,0,187))
+#define Green       (color_t)(RGB(0,187,0))
+#define Cyan        (color_t)(RGB(0,187,187))
+#define Red         (color_t)(RGB(187,0,0))
+#define Magenta     (color_t)(RGB(187,0,187))
+#define Brown       (color_t)(RGB(63,63,0))
+#define Gray        (color_t)(RGB(187,187,187))
+#define Charcoal    (color_t)(RGB(85,85,85))
+#define BrightBlue  (color_t)(RGB(0,0,255))
+#define BrightGreen (color_t)(RGB(0,255,0))
+#define BrightCyan  (color_t)(RGB(0,255,255))
+#define BrightRed   (color_t)(RGB(255,0,0))
+#define Orange      (color_t)(RGB(255,85,85))
+#define Pink        (color_t)(RGB(255,85,255))
+#define Yellow      (color_t)(RGB(187,187,0))
+#define White       (color_t)(RGB(255,255,255))
+
+#define DarkBlue    (color_t)(RGB(0,0,63))
+#define DarkGreen   (color_t)(RGB(0,63,0))
+#define DarkCyan    (color_t)(RGB(0,63,63))
+#define DarkRed     (color_t)(RGB(63,0,0))
+#define DarkMagenta (color_t)(RGB(63,0,63))
+#define DarkBrown   (color_t)(RGB(63,63,0))
+#define DarkGray    (color_t)(RGB(63,63,63))
+
+
+//namespace SW_graphics
+//{
+
+
+/// This is a graphics library for the Raio RA8875 Display Controller chip
+/// attached to a 4-wire SPI interface.
+///
+/// It offers both primitive and high level APIs.
+///
+/// Central to this API is a coordinate system, where the origin (0,0) is in
+/// the top-left corner of the display, and the width (x) extends positive to the
+/// right and the height (y) extends positive toward the bottom.
+///
+/// @caution As there are both graphics and text commands, one must take care to use
+/// the proper coordinate system for each. Some of the text APIs are in units
+/// of column and row, which is measured in character positions (and dependent
+/// on the font size), where other text APIs permit pixel level positioning.
+///
+/// @code
+/// #include "RA8875.h"
+/// RA8875 lcd(p5, p6, p7, p12, NC, "tft");
+///
+/// int main()
+/// {
+///     lcd.init();
+///     lcd.printf("printing 3 x 2 = %d", 3*2);
+///     lcd.circle(       400,25,  25,               BrightRed);
+///     lcd.fillcircle(   400,25,  15,               RGB(128,255,128));
+///     lcd.ellipse(      440,75,  35,20,            BrightBlue);
+///     lcd.fillellipse(  440,75,  25,10,            Blue);
+///     lcd.triangle(     440,100, 475,110, 450,125, Magenta);
+///     lcd.filltriangle( 445,105, 467,111, 452,120, Cyan);
+///     lcd.rect(         400,130, 475,155,          Brown);
+///     lcd.fillrect(     405,135, 470,150,          Pink);
+///     lcd.roundrect(    410,160, 475,190, 10,8,    Yellow);
+///     lcd.fillroundrect(415,165, 470,185,  5,3,    Orange);
+///     lcd.line(         430,200, 460,230,          RGB(0,255,0));
+///     for (int i=0; i<=30; i+=5) 
+///         lcd.pixel(435+i,200+i, White);
+/// }
+/// @endcode
+///
+/// @todo Add Scroll support for text.
+/// @todo Improve sync between internal and external font support - cursor, window, scroll.
+/// @todo Add Hardware reset signal - but testing to date indicates it is not needed.
+/// @todo Add high level objects - x-y graph, meter, others... but these will
+///     probably be best served in another class, since they may not
+///     be needed for many uses.
+/// 
+class RA8875 : public GraphicsDisplay
+{
+public:   
+    /// cursor type to be shown as the text cursor.
+    typedef enum
+    {
+        NOCURSOR,   ///< cursor is hidden
+        IBEAM,      ///< | cursor
+        UNDER,      ///< _ cursor
+        BLOCK       ///< Block cursor
+    } cursor_t;
+
+    /// font type selection.
+    typedef enum
+    {
+        ISO8859_1,      ///< ISO8859-1 font
+        ISO8859_2,      ///< ISO8859-2 font
+        ISO8859_3,      ///< ISO8859-3 font
+        ISO8859_4       ///< ISO8859-4 font
+    } font_t;
+    
+    /// font rotation selection
+    typedef enum
+    {
+        normal,         ///< normal orientation
+        rotated         ///< rotated orientation
+    } font_angle_t;
+    
+    /// alignment  
+    typedef enum
+    {
+        align_none,     ///< align - none
+        align_full      ///< align - full
+    } alignment_t;    
+    
+    /// Scale factor - 1, 2, 3 4
+    typedef int HorizontalScale;
+    
+    /// Scale factor - 1, 2, 3, 4
+    typedef int VerticalScale;
+
+    /// Clear screen region
+    typedef enum
+    {
+        FULLWINDOW,     ///< Full screen
+        ACTIVEWINDOW    ///< active window/region
+    } Region_t;
+    
+    /// Set the Layer Display Mode. @ref SetLayerMode
+    typedef enum
+    {
+        ShowLayer0,         ///< Only layer 0 is visible, layer 1 is hidden (default)
+        ShowLayer1,         ///< Only layer 1 is visible, layer 0 is hidden
+        LightenOverlay,     ///< Lighten-overlay mode
+        TransparentMode,    ///< Transparent mode
+        BooleanOR,          ///< Boolean OR mode
+        BooleanAND,         ///< Boolean AND mode
+        FloatingWindow      ///< Floating Window mode
+    } LayerMode_T;
+    
+    /// Touch Panel modes
+    typedef enum
+    {
+        TP_Auto,               ///< Auto touch detection mode
+        TP_Manual,             ///< Manual touch detection mode
+    } tpmode_t;
+    
+    /// Constructor for a display based on the RAiO RA8875 
+    /// display controller.
+    ///
+    /// This configures the registers and calls the @ref init method.
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    /// #include "RA8875.h"
+    /// RA8875 lcd(p5, p6, p7, p12, NC, "tft");
+    ///
+    /// int main()
+    /// {
+    ///     lcd.init();
+    ///     lcd.printf("printing 3 x 2 = %d", 3*2);
+    ///     lcd.circle(400,25, 25, BrightRed);
+    /// }
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] mosi is the SPI master out slave in pin on the mbed.
+    /// @param[in] miso is the SPI master in slave out pin on the mbed.
+    /// @param[in] sclk is the SPI shift clock pin on the mbed.
+    /// @param[in] csel is the DigitalOut pin on the mbed to use as the
+    ///         active low chip select for the display controller.
+    /// @param[in] reset is the DigitalOut pin on the mbed to use as the 
+    ///         active low reset input on the display controller - 
+    ///         but this is not currently used.
+    /// @param[in] name is a text name for this object, which will permit
+    ///         capturing stdout to puts() and printf() directly to it.
+    ///
+    RA8875(PinName mosi, PinName miso, PinName sclk, PinName csel, PinName reset, const char * name = "lcd");
+    
+    // Destructor doesn't have much to do as this would typically be created
+    // at startup, and not at runtime.
+    //~RA8875();
+    
+    /// Initialize the driver.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] width in pixels to configure the display for. This parameter is optional
+    ///             and the default is 480.
+    /// @param[in] height in pixels to configure the display for. This parameter is optional
+    ///             and the default is 272.
+    /// @param[in] color_bpp can be either 8 or 16, but must be consistent
+    ///             with the width and height parameters. This parameter is optional
+    ///             and the default is 16.
+    /// @param[in] power defines if the display should be left in the power-on or off state.
+    ///            If power is true (on), the backlight is set to 100%. This parameter is optional
+    ///             and the default is true (on). @see Power.
+    /// @param[in] keypadon defines if the keypad support should be enabled. This parameter is optional
+    ///             and the default is true (enabled). @see KeypadInit.
+    /// @param[in] touchscreeenon defines if the keypad support should be enabled. This parameter is optional
+    ///             and the default is true (enabled). @see TouchPanelInit.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t init(int width = 480, int height = 272, int color_bpp = 16, 
+        bool poweron = true, bool keypadon = true, bool touchscreeenon = true);
+    
+    /// Get a pointer to the error code.
+    ///
+    /// This method returns a pointer to a text string that matches the
+    /// code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] code is the return value from RetCode_t to look up.
+    /// @returns a pointer to the text message representing code. If code
+    ///     is not a valid value, then it returns the text for bad_parameter;
+    const char * GetErrorMessage(RetCode_t code);
+    
+    
+    /// Select the drawing layer for subsequent commands.
+    ///
+    /// If the screen configuration is 480 x 272, or if it is 800 x 480 
+    /// and 8-bit color, the the display supports two layers, which can 
+    /// be independently drawn on and shown. Additionally, complex
+    /// operations involving both layers are permitted.
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    ///     //lcd.SetLayerMode(OnlyLayer0); // default is layer 0
+    ///     lcd.rect(400,130, 475,155,Brown);
+    ///     lcd.SelectDrawingLayer(1);
+    ///     lcd.circle(400,25, 25, BrightRed);
+    ///     wait(1);
+    ///     lcd.SetLayerMode(ShowLayer1);
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @attention The user manual refers to Layer 1 and Layer 2, however the
+    ///     actual register values are value 0 and 1. This API as well as
+    ///     others that reference the layers use the values 0 and 1 for
+    ///     cleaner iteration in the code.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] layer is 0 or 1 to select the layer for subsequent 
+    ///     commands.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t SelectDrawingLayer(uint16_t layer);
+    
+    /// Get the currently active drawing layer.
+    ///
+    /// This returns a value, 0 or 1, based on the screen configuration
+    /// and the currently active drawing layer.
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    ///     uint16_t prevLayer = lcd.GetDrawingLayer();
+    ///     lcd.SelectDrawingLayer(x);
+    ///     lcd.circle(400,25, 25, BrightRed);
+    ///     lcd.SelectDrawingLayer(prevLayer);
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @attention The user manual refers to Layer 1 and Layer 2, however the
+    ///     actual register values are value 0 and 1. This API as well as
+    ///     others that reference the layers use the values 0 and 1 for
+    ///     cleaner iteration in the code.
+    ///
+    /// @returns the current drawing layer; 0 or 1.
+    /// 
+    uint16_t GetDrawingLayer(void);
+    
+    /// Set the Layer presentation mode.
+    ///
+    /// This sets the presentation mode for layers, and permits showing
+    /// a single layer, or applying a mode where the two layers
+    /// are combined using one of the hardware methods.
+    ///
+    /// Refer to the RA8875 data sheet for full details.
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    ///     //lcd.SetLayerMode(OnlyLayer0); // default is layer 0
+    ///     lcd.rect(400,130, 475,155,Brown);
+    ///     lcd.SelectDrawingLayer(1);
+    ///     lcd.circle(400,25, 25, BrightRed);
+    ///     wait(1);
+    ///     lcd.SetLayerMode(ShowLayer1);
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] mode sets the mode in the Layer Transparency Register.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t SetLayerMode(LayerMode_T mode);
+    
+    /// Set the layer transparency for each layer.
+    ///
+    /// Set the transparency, where the range of values is
+    /// from zero (fully visible) to eight (fully transparent).
+    /// The input value is automatically limited to this range.
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    ///     // draw something on each layer, then step-fade across
+    ///     display.SetLayerMode(RA8875::TransparentMode);
+    ///     for (i=0; i<=8; i++) {
+    ///         display.SetLayerTransparency(i, 8-i);
+    ///         wait_ms(200);
+    ///     }
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] layer1 sets the layer 1 transparency.
+    /// @param[in] layer2 sets the layer 2 transparency.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    /// 
+    RetCode_t SetLayerTransparency(uint8_t layer1, uint8_t layer2);
+    
+    /// Set the background color register used for transparency.
+    ///
+    /// This command sets the background color registers that are used
+    /// in the transparent color operations involving the layers.
+    /// 
+    /// @param[in] color is optional and expressed in 16-bit format. If not
+    ///     supplied, a default of Black is used.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t SetBackgroundTransparencyColor(color_t color = RGB(0,0,0));
+ 
+ 
+    /// Get the background color value used for transparency.
+    ///
+    /// This command reads the background color registers that define
+    /// the transparency color for operations involving layers.
+    ///
+    /// @returns the color.
+    ///
+    color_t GetBackgroundTransparencyColor(void);
+ 
+    /// Initialize theTouch Panel controller with default values 
+    ///
+    /// This activates the simplified touch panel init, which may work for
+    /// most uses. The alternate API is available if fine-grained control
+    /// is needed for the numerous settings.
+    ///
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t TouchPanelInit(void);
+        
+    /// Initialize the Touch Panel controller with detailed settings.
+    ///
+    /// This is the detailed touch panel init, which provides the ability
+    /// to set nearly every possible option.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in]  bTpEnable           Touch Panel enable/disable control:
+    ///                                 - TP_ENABLE: enable the touch panel
+    ///                                 - TP_DISABLE: disable the touch panel
+    /// @param[in]  bTpAutoManual       Touch Panel operating mode:
+    ///                                 - TP_MODE_AUTO: automatic capture
+    ///                                 - TP_MODE_MANUAL: manual capture
+    /// @param[in]  bTpDebounce         Debounce circuit enable for touch panel interrupt:
+    ///                                 - TP_DEBOUNCE_OFF: disable the debounce circuit
+    ///                                 - TP_DEBOUNCE_ON: enable the debounce circuit     
+    /// @param[in]  bTpManualMode       When Manual Mode is selected, this sets the mode:
+    ///                                 - TP_MANUAL_IDLE: touch panel is idle   
+    ///                                 - TP_MANUAL_WAIT: wait for touch panel event   
+    ///                                 - TP_MANUAL_LATCH_X: latch X data  
+    ///                                 - TP_MANUAL_LATCH_Y: latch Y data   
+    /// @param[in]  bTpAdcClkDiv        Sets the ADC clock as a fraction of the System CLK:
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_CLKDIV_1: Use CLK   
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_CLKDIV_2: Use CLK/2   
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_CLKDIV_4: Use CLK/4   
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_CLKDIV_8: Use CLK/8   
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_CLKDIV_16: Use CLK/16   
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_CLKDIV_32: Use CLK/32   
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_CLKDIV_64: Use CLK/64   
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_CLKDIV_128: Use CLK/128   
+    /// @param[in]  bTpAdcSampleTime    Touch Panel sample time delay before ADC data is ready:
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_SAMPLE_512_CLKS: Wait 512 system clocks   
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_SAMPLE_1024_CLKS: Wait 1024 system clocks   
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_SAMPLE_2048_CLKS: Wait 2048 system clocks   
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_SAMPLE_4096_CLKS: Wait 4096 system clocks   
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_SAMPLE_8192_CLKS: Wait 8192 system clocks   
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_SAMPLE_16384_CLKS: Wait 16384 system clocks   
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_SAMPLE_32768_CLKS: Wait 32768 system clocks   
+    ///                                 - TP_ADC_SAMPLE_65536_CLKS: Wait 65536 system clocks
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.   
+    ///
+    RetCode_t TouchPanelInit(uint8_t bTpEnable, uint8_t bTpAutoManual, uint8_t bTpDebounce, 
+        uint8_t bTpManualMode, uint8_t bTpAdcClkDiv, uint8_t bTpAdcSampleTime);
+    
+    /// Poll the TouchPanel and on a touch event return the a to d filtered x, y coordinates.
+    ///
+    /// This method reads the touch controller, which has a 10-bit range for each the
+    /// x and the y axis.
+    ///
+    /// @note The returned values are not in display (pixel) units but are in analog to
+    ///     digital converter units.
+    /// 
+    /// @note This API is usually not needed. @see TouchPanelComputeCalibration. 
+    ///     @see TouchPanelReadable.
+    /// 
+    /// @param[out] x is the x scale a/d value.
+    /// @param[out] y is the y scale a/d value.
+    /// @returns true if touch was detected, in which case the x and y values were set.
+    ///
+    bool TouchPanelA2DFiltered(loc_t *x, loc_t *y);
+
+    /// Poll the TouchPanel and on a touch event return the a to d raw x, y coordinates.
+    ///
+    /// This method reads the touch controller, which has a 10-bit range for each the
+    /// x and the y axis. A number of samples of the raw data are taken, filtered,
+    /// and the results are returned. 
+    ///
+    /// @note The returned values are not in display (pixel) units but are in analog to
+    ///     digital converter units.
+    /// 
+    /// @note This API is usually not needed. @see TouchPanelComputeCalibration. 
+    ///     @see TouchPanelReadable.
+    /// 
+    /// @param[out] x is the x scale a/d value.
+    /// @param[out] y is the y scale a/d value.
+    /// @returns true if touch was detected, in which case the x and y values were set.
+    ///
+    bool TouchPanelA2DRaw(loc_t *x, loc_t *y);
+    
+    /// Calibrate the touch panel.
+    ///
+    /// This method accepts two lists - one list is target points in ,
+    /// display coordinates and the other is a lit of raw touch coordinate 
+    /// values. It generates a calibration matrix for later use. This
+    /// matrix is also accessible to the calling API, which may store
+    /// the matrix in persistent memory and then install the calibration
+    /// matrix on the next power cycle. By doing so, it can avoid the
+    /// need to calibrate on every power cycle.
+    ///
+    /// @note The methods "TouchPanelComputeCalibration", "TouchPanelReadable", and
+    ///     indirectly the "TouchPanelSetMatrix" methods are all derived
+    ///     from a program by Carlos E. Vidales. See the copyright note
+    ///     for further details. See also the article
+    ///     http://www.embedded.com/design/system-integration/4023968/How-To-Calibrate-Touch-Screens
+    ///
+    /// @copyright Copyright (c) 2001, Carlos E. Vidales. All rights reserved.
+    ///     This sample program was written and put in the public domain 
+    ///      by Carlos E. Vidales.  The program is provided "as is" 
+    ///      without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied.
+    ///     If you choose to use the program within your own products
+    ///      you do so at your own risk, and assume the responsibility
+    ///      for servicing, repairing or correcting the program should
+    ///      it prove defective in any manner.
+    ///     You may copy and distribute the program's source code in any 
+    ///      medium, provided that you also include in each copy an
+    ///      appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty.
+    ///     You may also modify this program and distribute copies of
+    ///      it provided that you include prominent notices stating 
+    ///      that you changed the file(s) and the date of any change,
+    ///      and that you do not charge any royalties or licenses for 
+    ///      its use.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] display is a pointer to a set of 3 points, which 
+    ///             are in display units of measure. These are the targets
+    ///             the calibration was aiming for.
+    /// @param[in] screen is a pointer to a set of 3 points, which
+    ///             are in touchscreen units of measure. These are the
+    ///             registered touches.
+    /// @param[out] matrix is an optional parameter to hold the calibration matrix 
+    ///             as a result of the calibration. This can be saved in  
+    ///             non-volatile memory to recover the calibration after a power fail.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t TouchPanelComputeCalibration(point_t display[3], point_t screen[3], tpMatrix_t * matrix);
+
+
+    /// Perform the touch panel calibration process.
+    ///
+    /// This method provides the easy "shortcut" to calibrating the touch panel.
+    /// The process will automatically generate the calibration points, present
+    /// the targets on-screen, detect the touches, compute the calibration
+    /// matrix, and optionally provide the calibration matrix to the calling code
+    /// for persistence in non-volatile memory.
+    ///
+    /// @param[out] matrix is an optional parameter to hold the calibration matrix 
+    ///             as a result of the calibration. This can be saved in  
+    ///             non-volatile memory to recover the calibration after a power fail.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t TouchPanelCalibrate(tpMatrix_t * matrix);
+
+    /// Perform the touch panel calibration process.
+    ///
+    /// This method provides the easy "shortcut" to calibrating the touch panel.
+    /// The process will automatically generate the calibration points, present
+    /// the targets on-screen, detect the touches, compute the calibration
+    /// matrix, and optionally provide the calibration matrix to the calling code
+    /// for persistence in non-volatile memory.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] msg is a text message to present on the screen during the
+    ///             calibration process.
+    /// @param[out] matrix is an optional parameter to hold the calibration matrix 
+    ///             as a result of the calibration. This can be saved in  
+    ///             non-volatile memory to recover the calibration after a power fail.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t TouchPanelCalibrate(const char * msg, tpMatrix_t * matrix = NULL);
+
+    /// Get the screen calibrated point of touch.
+    ///
+    /// This method determines if there is a touch and if so it will provide
+    /// the screen-relative touch coordinates. This method can be used in
+    /// a manner similar to Serial.readable(), to determine if there was a 
+    /// touch and indicate that - but not care about the coordinates. Alternately,
+    /// if a valid pointer to a point_t is provided, then if a touch is detected
+    /// the point_t will be populated with data. 
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    ///     Timer t;
+    ///     t.start();
+    ///     do {
+    ///        point_t point = {0, 0};
+    ///        if (display.TouchPanelReadable(&point)) {
+    ///            display.pixel(point.x, point.y, Red);
+    ///        }
+    ///    } while (t.read_ms() < 30000);
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @param[out] touch is the touch point, if a touch is registered.
+    /// @returns true if a touch was registered, and touch is updated.
+    /// @returns false if no touch was detected, or if the calibration matrix is not defined.
+    ///
+    bool TouchPanelReadable(point_t * touch = NULL);
+
+    /// Wait for a touch panel touch and return it.
+    /// 
+    /// This method is similar to Serial.getc() in that it will wait for a touch
+    /// and then return. In order to extract the coordinates of the touch, a
+    /// valid pointer to a point_t must be provided.
+    ///
+    /// @note There is no timeout on this function, so its use is not recommended.
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    ///     Timer t;
+    ///     t.start();
+    ///     do {
+    ///        point_t point = {0, 0};
+    ///        display.TouchPanelGet(&point);
+    ///        display.pixel(point.x, point.y, Red);
+    ///    } while (t.read_ms() < 30000);
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @param[out] touch is the touch point, if a touch is registered.
+    /// @returns true if a touch was registered, and touch is updated.
+    /// @returns false if no touch was detected, or if the calibration matrix is not defined.
+    ///
+    bool TouchPanelGet(point_t * touch);
+
+    /// Set the calibration matrix for the touch panel.
+    ///
+    /// This method is used to set the calibration matrix for the touch panel. After
+    /// performing the calibration (@see TouchPanelComputeCalibration), the matrix can be stored.
+    /// On a subsequence power cycle, the matrix may be restored from non-volatile and
+    /// passed in to this method. It will then be held to perform the corrections when
+    /// reading the touch panel point.
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    /// FILE * fh = fopen("/local/tpmatrix.cfg", "r");
+    /// if (fh) {
+    ///     tpMatrix_t matrix;
+    ///     if (fread(fh, &matrix, sizeof(tpMatrix_t))) {
+    ///         lcd.TouchPanelSetMatrix(&matrix);
+    ///     }
+    ///     fclose(fh);
+    /// }
+    /// @endcode
+    /// 
+    /// @param[in] matrix is a pointer to the touch panel calibration matrix.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t TouchPanelSetMatrix(tpMatrix_t * matrix);
+   
+#if 0
+    /// Append interrupt handler for specific RA8875 interrupt source
+    ///
+    /// @param[in]    bISRType        Interrupt Source, should be:
+    ///                                - RA8875_INT_KEYSCAN: KEYCAN interrupt
+    ///                                - RA8875_INT_DMA: DMA interrupt
+    ///                                - RA8875_INT_TP: Touch panel interrupt
+    ///                                - RA8875_INT_BTE: BTE process complete interrupt
+    ///                                - RA8875_INT_BTEMCU_FONTWR: Multi-purpose interrupt (see spec sheet)   
+    /// @param[in]    fptr is a callback function to handle the interrupt event.
+    /// @returns       none
+    ///
+    void AppendISR(uint8_t bISRType, void(*fptr)(void));
+
+    /// Unappend interrupt handler for specific RA8875 interrupt source
+    ///
+    /// @param[in]    bISRType        Interrupt Source, should be:
+    ///                                - RA8875_INT_KEYSCAN: KEYCAN interrupt
+    ///                                - RA8875_INT_DMA: DMA interrupt
+    ///                                - RA8875_INT_TP: Touch panel interrupt
+    ///                                - RA8875_INT_BTE: BTE process complete interrupt
+    ///                                - RA8875_INT_BTEMCU_FONTWR: Multi-purpose interrupt (see spec sheet)   
+    /// @return       none
+    ///
+    void UnAppendISR(uint8_t bISRType);
+#endif
+
+    /// Initialize the keypad interface on the RA8875 controller.
+    ///
+    /// Enables the keypad subsystem. It will scan the 4 x 5 matrix
+    /// and make available key presses. 
+    ///
+    /// @note See section 5-13 of RAIO RA8875 data sheet for more details.
+    /// @caution When using the display from buy-display.com, be sure that
+    ///     the option for the keypad is configured on the hardware.
+    ///
+    /// All parameters are optional.
+    /// @param[in] scanEnable when true, enables the key scan function (default: true).
+    /// @param[in] longDetect when true, additionally enables the long key held detection (default: false).
+    /// @param[in] sampleTime setting (range: 0 - 3, default: 0).
+    /// @param[in] scanFrequency setting (range: 0 - 7, default: 0).
+    /// @param[in] longTimeAdjustment (range: 0 - 3, default: 0).
+    /// @param[in] interruptEnable when true, enables interrupts from keypress (default: false).
+    /// @param[in] wakeupEnable when true, activates the wakeup function (default: false).
+    ///
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t  KeypadInit(bool scanEnable = true, bool longDetect = false, 
+        uint8_t sampleTime = 0, uint8_t scanFrequency = 0, 
+        uint8_t longTimeAdjustment = 0,
+        bool interruptEnable = false, bool wakeupEnable = false);
+
+    /// Create Key Code definitions for the key matrix.
+    ///
+    /// This API provides a table of 22 key-code assignments for the matrix of keys.
+    /// This can be used to translate the keys 1 - 20 into some other value, as
+    /// well as to communicate the "no key" (zero) and "error state" (21).
+    ///
+    /// In this way, a keypad could easily emulate a piece of a keyboard, transforming
+    /// 0 - 20 into the values 0, '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8',
+    /// '9', '+', '-', '*' , '/', '=', '<bs>', '<cr>', and so on...
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    /// //        Return Value by Row, Column   Example reassignment
+    /// //    Column    0    1    2    3    4 
+    /// //          +-------------------------+  +-------------------------+
+    /// // Row   0  |   1    2    3    4    5 |  | '7'  '8'  '9'  ',' '<-' |
+    /// //       1  |   6    7    8    9   10 |  | '4'  '5'  '6'  '/'  '-' |
+    /// //       2  |  11   12   13   14   15 |  | '1'  '2'  '3'  '*'  '+' |
+    /// //       3  |  16   17   18   19   20 |  | '0'  '.'  '('  ')' '\n' |
+    /// //          +-------------------------+  +-------------------------+
+    /// //     Return value  0 = No Key pressed
+    /// //     Return value 21 = Error
+    /// const uint8_t CodeList[22] = 
+    ///     {0, '7', '8', '9', ',', '\h', 
+    ///         '4', '5', '6', '/', '-',
+    ///         '1', '2', '3', '*', '+',
+    ///         '0', '.', '(', ')', '\n', 
+    ///         '\x1b'};
+    ///     lcd.SetKeyMap(CodeList);
+    /// @endcode
+    /// 
+    /// @param[in] CodeList is a pointer to an always available byte-array 
+    ///             where the first 22 bytes are used as the transformation 
+    ///             from raw code to your reassigned value.
+    ///            If CodeList is NULL, the original raw value key map is
+    ///             restored.
+    /// @returns noerror.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t SetKeyMap(const uint8_t * CodeList = NULL);
+
+    /// Determine if a key has been hit
+    ///
+    /// @returns true if a key has been hit
+    ///
+    bool readable();
+
+    /// Blocking read of the keypad.
+    ///
+    /// @caution: This is a blocking read, so it is important to first call _kbhit()
+    ///         to avoid hanging your processes.
+    ///
+    /// A keypad connected to the RA8875 is connected in a matrix of 4 rows and 5 columns.
+    /// When pressed, this method will return a code in the range of 1 through 20, reserving
+    /// the value 0 to indicate that no key is pressed.
+    ///
+    /// Additionally, if configured to detect a "long press", bit 7 will be set to indicate
+    /// this. In this situation, first a "normal press" would be detected and signaled and
+    /// soon after that a "long press" of the same key would be detected and communicated.
+    ///
+    /// @return 8-bit where bit 7 indicates a long press. The remaining bits indicate the
+    ///     keypress using 0 = no key pressed, 1 - 20 = the key pressed.
+    ///
+    uint8_t getc();
+    
+    /// Write a command to the display with a word of data.
+    ///
+    /// This is a high level command, and may invoke several primitives.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] command is the command to write.
+    /// @param[in] data is data to be written to the command register.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t WriteCommandW(uint8_t command, uint16_t data);
+
+    /// Write a command to the display
+    ///
+    /// This is a high level command, and may invoke several primitives.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] command is the command to write.
+    /// @param[in] data is optional data to be written to the command register
+    ///     and only occurs if the data is in the range [0 - 0xFF].
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t WriteCommand(unsigned char command, unsigned int data = 0xFFFF);
+    
+    /// Write a data word to the display
+    ///
+    /// This is a high level command, and may invoke several primitives.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] data is the data to write.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t WriteDataW(uint16_t data);
+    
+    /// Write a data byte to the display
+    ///
+    /// This is a high level command, and may invoke several primitives.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] data is the data to write.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t WriteData(unsigned char data);
+    
+    /// Read a command register
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] command is the command register to read.
+    /// @returns the value read from the register.
+    ///
+    unsigned char ReadCommand(unsigned char command);
+    
+    /// Read a data byte from the display
+    ///
+    /// This is a high level command, and may invoke several primitives.
+    ///
+    /// @returns data that was read.
+    ///
+    unsigned char ReadData(void);
+    
+    /// Read a word from the display
+    ///
+    /// This is a high level command, and may invoke several primitives.
+    ///
+    /// @returns data that was read.
+    ///
+    uint16_t ReadDataW(void);
+
+    /// Read the display status
+    ///
+    /// This is a high level command, and may invoke several primitives.
+    ///
+    /// @returns data that was read.
+    ///
+    unsigned char ReadStatus(void);
+
+    /// get the width in pixels of the currently active font
+    ///
+    /// @returns font width in pixels.
+    ///    
+    dim_t fontwidth(void);
+    
+    /// get the height in pixels of the currently active font
+    ///
+    /// @returns font height in pixels.
+    ///    
+    dim_t fontheight(void);
+    
+    /// get the number of colums based on the currently active font
+    ///
+    /// @returns number of columns.
+    ///    
+    virtual int columns(void);
+
+    /// get the number of rows based on the currently active font
+    ///
+    /// @returns number of rows.
+    ///    
+    virtual int rows(void);
+
+    /// get the screen width in pixels
+    ///
+    /// @returns screen width in pixels.
+    ///
+    virtual dim_t width(void);
+
+    /// get the screen height in pixels
+    ///
+    /// @returns screen height in pixels.
+    ///
+    virtual dim_t height(void);
+
+    /// get the color depth in bits per pixel.
+    ///
+    /// @returns 8 or 16 only.
+    ///
+    virtual dim_t color_bpp(void);
+
+    /// Set cursor position based on the current font size.
+    /// 
+    /// @param[in] column is the horizontal position in character positions
+    /// @param[in] row is the vertical position in character positions
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t locate(textloc_t column, textloc_t row);
+
+    /// Prepare the controller to write text to the screen by positioning
+    /// the cursor.
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    ///     lcd.SetTextCursor(100, 25);
+    ///     lcd.puts("Hello");
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal position in pixels (from the left edge)
+    /// @param[in] y is the vertical position in pixels (from the top edge)
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t SetTextCursor(loc_t x, loc_t y);
+
+    /// Get the current cursor position in pixels.
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    ///     point_t point = GetTextCursor();
+    ///     if (point.x > 100 && point.y > 150)
+    ///         //...
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @returns cursor position.
+    ///
+    point_t GetTextCursor(void);
+    
+    /// Get the current cursor horizontal position in pixels.
+    ///
+    /// @returns cursor position horizontal offset.
+    ///
+    loc_t GetTextCursor_X(void);
+
+    /// Get the current cursor vertical position in pixels.
+    ///
+    /// @returns cursor position vertical offset.
+    ///
+    loc_t GetTextCursor_Y(void);
+
+    /// Configure additional Cursor Control settings.
+    ///
+    /// This API lets you modify other cursor control settings; 
+    /// Cursor visible/hidden, Cursor blink/normal, 
+    /// Cursor I-Beam/underscore/box.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] cursor can be set to NOCURSOR (default), IBEAM,
+    ///         UNDER, or BLOCK.
+    /// @param[in] blink can be set to true or false (default false)
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t
+    ///
+    RetCode_t SetTextCursorControl(cursor_t cursor = NOCURSOR, bool blink = false);
+    
+    /// Select the ISO 8859-X font to use next.
+    ///
+    /// Supported fonts: ISO 8859-1, -2, -3, -4
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] font selects the font for the subsequent text rendering.
+    ///
+    /// @note if either hScale or vScale is outside of its permitted range,
+    ///     the command is not executed.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t SetTextFont(font_t font = ISO8859_1);
+    
+    /// Control the font behavior.
+    ///
+    /// This command lets you make several modifications to any text that
+    /// will be written to the screen.
+    ///
+    /// Options can be combined:
+    /// Default:
+    /// @li Full alignment disabled, 
+    /// @li Font with Background color, 
+    /// @li Font in normal orientiation,
+    /// @li Horizontal scale x 1
+    /// @li Vertical scale x 1
+    /// @li alignment
+    /// 
+    /// @param[in] fillit defaults to FILL, but can be NOFILL
+    /// @param[in] angle defaults to normal, but can be rotated
+    /// @param[in] hScale defaults to 1, but can be 1, 2, 3, or 4,
+    ///     and scales the font size by this amount.
+    /// @param[in] vScale defaults to 1, but can be 1, 2, 3, or 4,
+    ///     and scales the font size by this amount.
+    /// @param[in] alignment defaults to align_none, but can be
+    ///     align_full.
+    /// 
+    /// @note if either hScale or vScale is outside of its permitted range,
+    ///     the command is not executed.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t SetTextFontControl(fill_t fillit = FILL, 
+        font_angle_t angle = normal, 
+        HorizontalScale hScale = 1, 
+        VerticalScale vScale = 1, 
+        alignment_t alignment = align_none);
+    
+    /// Control the font size
+    ///
+    /// This command lets you set the font enlargement for both horizontal
+    /// and vertical, independent of the rotation, background, and 
+    /// alignment. @see SetTextFontControl.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] hScale defaults to 1, but can be 1, 2, 3, or 4,
+    ///     and scales the font size by this amount.
+    /// @param[in] vScale is an optional parameter that defaults to the hScale value, 
+    ///     but can be 1, 2, 3, or 4, and scales the font size by this amount.
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    ///     lcd.SetTextFontSize(2);     // Set the font to 2x normal size
+    ///     lcd.puts("Two times");
+    ///     lcd.SetTextFontSize(2,3);   // Set the font to 2x Width and 3x Height
+    ///     lcd.puts("2*2 3*h");
+    ///     lcd.SetTextFontSize();      // Restore to normal size in both dimensions
+    ///     lcd.puts("normal");
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @note if either hScale or vScale is outside of its permitted range,
+    ///     the command is not executed.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t SetTextFontSize(HorizontalScale hScale = 1, VerticalScale vScale = -1);
+    
+    /// put a character on the screen.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] c is the character.
+    /// @returns the character, or EOF if there is an error.
+    ///
+    virtual int _putc(int c);
+
+    /// Write string of text to the display
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    ///     lcd.puts("Test STring");
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] string is the null terminated string to send to the display.
+    ///
+    void puts(const char * string);
+    
+    /// Write string of text to the display at the specified location.
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    ///     lcd.puts(10,25, "Test STring");
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal position in pixels (from the left edge)
+    /// @param[in] y is the vertical position in pixels (from the top edge)
+    /// @param[in] string is the null terminated string to send to the display.
+    ///
+    void puts(loc_t x, loc_t y, const char * string);
+    
+    /// Prepare the controller to write binary data to the screen by positioning
+    /// the memory cursor.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal position in pixels (from the left edge)
+    /// @param[in] y is the vertical position in pixels (from the top edge)
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t SetGraphicsCursor(loc_t x, loc_t y);
+    
+    /// Prepare the controller to read binary data from the screen by positioning
+    /// the memory read cursor.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal position in pixels (from the left edge)
+    /// @param[in] y is the vertical position in pixels (from the top edge)
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t SetGraphicsCursorRead(loc_t x, loc_t y);
+    
+    /// Set the window, which controls where items are written to the screen.
+    ///
+    /// When something hits the window width, it wraps back to the left side
+    /// and down a row. If the initial write is outside the window, it will
+    /// be captured into the window when it crosses a boundary.
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    ///     lcd.window(10,10, 80,80);
+    ///     lcd.puts("012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890");
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the left edge in pixels.
+    /// @param[in] y is the top edge in pixels.
+    /// @param[in] width is the window width in pixels.
+    /// @param[in] height is the window height in pixels.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t window(loc_t x, loc_t y, dim_t width, dim_t height);
+    
+    /// Clear either the specified layer, or the active layer.
+    ///
+    /// The behavior is to clear the whole screen for the specified
+    /// layer. When not specified, the active drawing layer is cleared.
+    /// This command can also be used to specifically clear either,
+    /// or both layers. @see clsw().
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    ///     lcd.cls();
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] layers is optional. If not provided, the active layer
+    ///     is cleared. If bit 0 is set, layer 0 is cleared, if bit
+    ///     1 is set, layer 1 is cleared. If both are set, both layers
+    ///     are cleared. Any other value does not cause an action.
+    ///     
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t cls(uint16_t layers = 0);
+    
+    /// Clear the screen, or clear only the active window.
+    ///
+    /// The default behavior is to clear the whole screen. With the optional 
+    /// parameter, the action can be restricted to the active window, which
+    /// can be set with the @see window method.
+    ///
+    /// @code
+    ///     lcd.window(20,20, 40,10);
+    ///     lcd.clsw();
+    /// @endcode
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] region is an optional parameter that defaults to FULLWINDOW
+    ///         or may be set to ACTIVEWINDOW.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t clsw(RA8875::Region_t region = FULLWINDOW);
+
+    /// Set the background color.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] color is expressed in 16-bit format.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t background(color_t color);
+    
+    /// Set the background color.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] r is the red element of the color.
+    /// @param[in] g is the green element of the color.
+    /// @param[in] b is the blue element of the color.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t background(unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b);
+    
+    /// Set the foreground color.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] color is expressed in 16-bit format.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t foreground(color_t color);
+    
+    /// Set the foreground color.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] r is the red element of the color.
+    /// @param[in] g is the green element of the color.
+    /// @param[in] b is the blue element of the color.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t foreground(unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b);
+    
+    /// Get the current foreground color value.
+    ///
+    /// @returns the current foreground color.
+    ///
+    color_t GetForeColor(void);
+        
+    /// Draw a pixel in the specified color.
+    ///
+    /// @note Unlike many other operations, this does not
+    ///         set the forecolor!
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal offset to this pixel.
+    /// @param[in] y is the vertical offset to this pixel.
+    /// @param[in] color defines the color for the pixel.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t pixel(loc_t x, loc_t y, color_t color);
+    
+    /// Draw a pixel in the current foreground color.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal offset to this pixel.
+    /// @param[in] y is the veritical offset to this pixel.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t pixel(loc_t x, loc_t y);
+    
+    /// Get a pixel from the display.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal offset to this pixel.
+    /// @param[in] y is the vertical offset to this pixel.
+    /// @returns the pixel. see @color_t
+    ///
+    virtual color_t getPixel(loc_t x, loc_t y);
+    
+    /// Write a stream of pixels to the display.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] p is a pointer to a color_t array to write.
+    /// @param[in] count is the number of pixels to write.
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal position on the display.
+    /// @param[in] y is the vertical position on the display.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t pixelStream(color_t * p, uint32_t count, loc_t x, loc_t y);
+    
+    /// Get a stream of pixels from the display.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] p is a pointer to a color_t array to accept the stream.
+    /// @param[in] count is the number of pixels to read.
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal offset to this pixel.
+    /// @param[in] y is the vertical offset to this pixel.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t getPixelStream(color_t * p, uint32_t count, loc_t x, loc_t y);
+    
+    /// Draw a line in the specified color
+    ///
+    /// @note As a side effect, this changes the current
+    ///     foreground color for subsequent operations.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x1 is the horizontal start of the line.
+    /// @param[in] y1 is the vertical start of the line.
+    /// @param[in] x2 is the horizontal end of the line.
+    /// @param[in] y2 is the vertical end of the line.
+    /// @param[in] color defines the foreground color.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t line(loc_t x1, loc_t y1, loc_t x2, loc_t y2, color_t color);
+
+    /// Draw a line
+    ///
+    /// Draws a line using the foreground color setting.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x1 is the horizontal start of the line.
+    /// @param[in] y1 is the vertical start of the line.
+    /// @param[in] x2 is the horizontal end of the line.
+    /// @param[in] y2 is the vertical end of the line.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t line(loc_t x1, loc_t y1, loc_t x2, loc_t y2);
+
+    /// Draw a rectangle in the specified color
+    ///
+    /// @note As a side effect, this changes the current
+    ///     foreground color for subsequent operations.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] rect defines the rectangle.
+    /// @param[in] color defines the foreground color.
+    /// @param[in] fillit is optional to FILL the rectangle. default is NOFILL.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t rect(rect_t rect, color_t color, fill_t fillit);
+    
+     /// Draw a filled rectangle in the specified color
+    ///
+    /// @note As a side effect, this changes the current
+    ///     foreground color for subsequent operations.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] rect defines the rectangle.
+    /// @param[in] color defines the foreground color.
+    /// @param[in] fillit is optional to FILL the rectangle. default is NOFILL.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t fillrect(rect_t rect, color_t color, fill_t fillit = FILL);
+
+    /// Draw a rectangle in the specified color
+    ///
+    /// @note As a side effect, this changes the current
+    ///     foreground color for subsequent operations.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x1 is the horizontal start of the line.
+    /// @param[in] y1 is the vertical start of the line.
+    /// @param[in] x2 is the horizontal end of the line.
+    /// @param[in] y2 is the vertical end of the line.
+    /// @param[in] color defines the foreground color.
+    /// @param[in] fillit is optional to FILL the rectangle. default is FILL.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t rect(loc_t x1, loc_t y1, loc_t x2, loc_t y2, 
+        color_t color, fill_t fillit = NOFILL);
+
+    /// Draw a filled rectangle in the specified color
+    ///
+    /// @note As a side effect, this changes the current
+    ///     foreground color for subsequent operations.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x1 is the horizontal start of the line.
+    /// @param[in] y1 is the vertical start of the line.
+    /// @param[in] x2 is the horizontal end of the line.
+    /// @param[in] y2 is the vertical end of the line.
+    /// @param[in] color defines the foreground color.
+    /// @param[in] fillit is optional to NOFILL the rectangle. default is FILL.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t fillrect(loc_t x1, loc_t y1, loc_t x2, loc_t y2, 
+        color_t color, fill_t fillit = FILL);
+
+    /// Draw a rectangle
+    ///
+    /// Draws a rectangle using the foreground color setting.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x1 is the horizontal start of the line.
+    /// @param[in] y1 is the vertical start of the line.
+    /// @param[in] x2 is the horizontal end of the line.
+    /// @param[in] y2 is the vertical end of the line.
+    /// @param[in] fillit is optional to FILL the rectangle. default is NOFILL.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t rect(loc_t x1, loc_t y1, loc_t x2, loc_t y2, 
+        fill_t fillit = NOFILL);
+
+    /// Draw a filled rectangle with rounded corners using the specified color.
+    ///
+    /// This draws a rounded rectangle. A numbers of checks are made on the values,
+    /// and it could reduce this to drawing a line (if either x1 == x2, or y1 == y2),
+    /// or a single point (x1 == x2 && y1 == y2). If the radius parameters are
+    /// > 1/2 the length of that side (width or height), an error value is returned.
+    ///
+    /// @note As a side effect, this changes the current
+    ///     foreground color for subsequent operations.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x1 is the horizontal start of the line and must be <= x2.
+    /// @param[in] y1 is the vertical start of the line and must be <= y2.
+    /// @param[in] x2 is the horizontal end of the line and must be >= x1.
+    /// @param[in] y2 is the vertical end of the line and must be >= y1.
+    /// @param[in] radius1 defines the horizontal radius of the curved corner. Take care
+    ///         that this value < 1/2 the width of the rectangle, or bad_parameter 
+    ///         is returned.
+    /// @param[in] radius2 defines the vertical radius of the curved corner. Take care
+    ///         that this value < 1/2 the height of the rectangle, or bad_parameter 
+    ///         is returned.
+    /// @param[in] color defines the foreground color.
+    /// @param[in] fillit is optional to FILL the rectangle. default is NOFILL.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t fillroundrect(loc_t x1, loc_t y1, loc_t x2, loc_t y2, 
+        dim_t radius1, dim_t radius2, color_t color, fill_t fillit = FILL);
+
+    /// Draw a rectangle with rounded corners using the specified color.
+    ///
+    /// This draws a rounded rectangle. A numbers of checks are made on the values,
+    /// and it could reduce this to drawing a line (if either x1 == x2, or y1 == y2),
+    /// or a single point (x1 == x2 && y1 == y2). If the radius parameters are
+    /// > 1/2 the length of that side (width or height), an error value is returned.
+    ///
+    /// @note As a side effect, this changes the current
+    ///     foreground color for subsequent operations.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x1 is the horizontal start of the line and must be <= x2.
+    /// @param[in] y1 is the vertical start of the line and must be <= y2.
+    /// @param[in] x2 is the horizontal end of the line and must be >= x1.
+    /// @param[in] y2 is the vertical end of the line and must be >= y1.
+    /// @param[in] radius1 defines the horizontal radius of the curved corner. Take care
+    ///         that this value < 1/2 the width of the rectangle, or bad_parameter 
+    ///         is returned.
+    /// @param[in] radius2 defines the vertical radius of the curved corner. Take care
+    ///         that this value < 1/2 the height of the rectangle, or bad_parameter 
+    ///         is returned.
+    /// @param[in] color defines the foreground color.
+    /// @param[in] fillit is optional to FILL the rectangle. default is NOFILL.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t roundrect(loc_t x1, loc_t y1, loc_t x2, loc_t y2, 
+        dim_t radius1, dim_t radius2, color_t color, fill_t fillit = NOFILL);
+
+    /// Draw a rectangle with rounded corners.
+    ///
+    /// This draws a rounded rectangle. A numbers of checks are made on the values,
+    /// and it could reduce this to drawing a line (if either x1 == x2, or y1 == y2),
+    /// or a single point (x1 == x2 && y1 == y2). If the radius parameters are
+    /// > 1/2 the length of that side (width or height), an error value is returned.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x1 is the horizontal start of the line and must be <= x2.
+    /// @param[in] y1 is the vertical start of the line and must be <= y2.
+    /// @param[in] x2 is the horizontal end of the line and must be >= x1.
+    /// @param[in] y2 is the vertical end of the line and must be >= y1.
+    /// @param[in] radius1 defines the horizontal radius of the curved corner. Take care
+    ///         that this value < 1/2 the width of the rectangle, or bad_parameter 
+    ///         is returned.
+    /// @param[in] radius2 defines the vertical radius of the curved corner. Take care
+    ///         that this value < 1/2 the height of the rectangle, or bad_parameter 
+    ///         is returned.
+    /// @param[in] fillit is optional to FILL the rectangle. default is NOFILL.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t roundrect(loc_t x1, loc_t y1, loc_t x2, loc_t y2, 
+        dim_t radius1, dim_t radius2, fill_t fillit = NOFILL);
+
+    /// Draw a triangle in the specified color.
+    ///
+    /// @note As a side effect, this changes the current
+    ///     foreground color for subsequent operations.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x1 is the horizontal for point 1.
+    /// @param[in] y1 is the vertical for point 1. 
+    /// @param[in] x2 is the horizontal for point 2.
+    /// @param[in] y2 is the vertical for point 2.
+    /// @param[in] x3 is the horizontal for point 3.
+    /// @param[in] y3 is the vertical for point 3.
+    /// @param[in] color defines the foreground color.
+    /// @param[in] fillit is optional to FILL the rectangle. default is NOFILL.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t triangle(loc_t x1, loc_t y1, loc_t x2, loc_t y2, 
+        loc_t x3, loc_t y3, color_t color, fill_t fillit = NOFILL);
+    
+    /// Draw a filled triangle in the specified color.
+    ///
+    /// @note As a side effect, this changes the current
+    ///     foreground color for subsequent operations.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x1 is the horizontal for point 1.
+    /// @param[in] y1 is the vertical for point 1.
+    /// @param[in] x2 is the horizontal for point 2.
+    /// @param[in] y2 is the vertical for point 2.
+    /// @param[in] x3 is the horizontal for point 3.
+    /// @param[in] y3 is the vertical for point 3.
+    /// @param[in] color defines the foreground color.
+    /// @param[in] fillit is optional to FILL the rectangle. default is NOFILL.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t filltriangle(loc_t x1, loc_t y1, loc_t x2, loc_t y2, 
+        loc_t x3, loc_t y3, color_t color, fill_t fillit = FILL);
+
+    /// Draw a triangle
+    ///
+    /// Draws a triangle using the foreground color setting.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x1 is the horizontal for point 1.
+    /// @param[in] y1 is the vertical for point 1.
+    /// @param[in] x2 is the horizontal for point 2.
+    /// @param[in] y2 is the vertical for point 2.
+    /// @param[in] x3 is the horizontal for point 3.
+    /// @param[in] y3 is the vertical for point 3.
+    /// @param[in] fillit is optional to FILL the rectangle. default is NOFILL.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t triangle(loc_t x1, loc_t y1, loc_t x2, loc_t y2, 
+        loc_t x3, loc_t y3, fill_t fillit = NOFILL);
+    
+    /// Draw a circle using the specified color.
+    ///
+    /// @note As a side effect, this changes the current
+    ///     foreground color for subsequent operations.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal center of the circle.
+    /// @param[in] y is the vertical center of the circle.
+    /// @param[in] radius defines the size of the circle.
+    /// @param[in] color defines the foreground color.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t circle(loc_t x, loc_t y, dim_t radius, color_t color, fill_t fillit = NOFILL);
+
+    /// Draw a filled circle using the specified color.
+    ///
+    /// @note As a side effect, this changes the current
+    ///     foreground color for subsequent operations.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal center of the circle.
+    /// @param[in] y is the vertical center of the circle.
+    /// @param[in] radius defines the size of the circle.
+    /// @param[in] color defines the foreground color.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t fillcircle(loc_t x, loc_t y, dim_t radius, color_t color, fill_t fillit = FILL);
+
+    /// Draw a circle.
+    ///
+    /// Draws a circle using the foreground color setting.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal center of the circle.
+    /// @param[in] y is the vertical center of the circle.
+    /// @param[in] radius defines the size of the circle.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t circle(loc_t x, loc_t y, dim_t radius, fill_t fillit = NOFILL);
+
+    /// Draw an Ellipse using the specified color
+    ///
+    /// @note As a side effect, this changes the current
+    ///     foreground color for subsequent operations.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal center of the ellipse.
+    /// @param[in] y is the vertical center of the ellipse.
+    /// @param[in] radius1 defines the horizontal radius of the ellipse.
+    /// @param[in] radius2 defines the vertical radius of the ellipse.
+    /// @param[in] color defines the foreground color.
+    /// @param[in] fillit defines whether the circle is filled or not.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t ellipse(loc_t x, loc_t y, dim_t radius1, dim_t radius2, 
+        color_t color, fill_t fillit = NOFILL);
+
+    /// Draw a filled Ellipse using the specified color
+    ///
+    /// @note As a side effect, this changes the current
+    ///     foreground color for subsequent operations.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal center of the ellipse.
+    /// @param[in] y is the vertical center of the ellipse.
+    /// @param[in] radius1 defines the horizontal radius of the ellipse.
+    /// @param[in] radius2 defines the vertical radius of the ellipse.
+    /// @param[in] color defines the foreground color.
+    /// @param[in] fillit defines whether the circle is filled or not.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t fillellipse(loc_t x, loc_t y, dim_t radius1, dim_t radius2, 
+        color_t color, fill_t fillit = FILL);
+
+    /// Draw an Ellipse
+    ///
+    /// Draws it using the foreground color setting.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the horizontal center of the ellipse.
+    /// @param[in] y is the vertical center of the ellipse.
+    /// @param[in] radius1 defines the horizontal radius of the ellipse.
+    /// @param[in] radius2 defines the vertical radius of the ellipse.
+    /// @param[in] fillit defines whether the circle is filled or not.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t ellipse(loc_t x, loc_t y, dim_t radius1, dim_t radius2, fill_t fillit = NOFILL);
+    
+    /// Control display power
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] on when set to true will turn on the display, when false it is turned off.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t Power(bool on);
+
+    /// Reset the display controller via the Software Reset interface.
+    ///
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t Reset(void);
+    
+    /// Set backlight brightness.
+    ///
+    /// When the built-in PWM is used to control the backlight, this 
+    /// API can be used to set the brightness.
+    /// 
+    /// @param[in] brightness ranges from 0 (off) to 255 (full on)
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t Backlight_u8(unsigned char brightness);
+    
+    /// Set backlight brightness.
+    ///
+    /// When the built-in PWM is used to control the backlight, this 
+    /// API can be used to set the brightness.
+    /// 
+    /// @param[in] brightness ranges from 0.0 (off) to 1.0 (full on)
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t Backlight(float brightness);
+
+    /// Select a bitmap font (provided by the user) for all subsequent text.
+    ///
+    /// @note Tool to create the fonts is accessible from its creator
+    ///     available at http://www.mikroe.com. 
+    ///     Change the data to an array of type char[].
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] font is a pointer to a specially formed font array.
+    ///     This special font array has a 4-byte header, followed by 
+    ///     the data:
+    ///   - the number of bytes per char
+    ///   - the vertical size in pixels for each character
+    ///   - the horizontal size in pixels for each character
+    ///   - the number of bytes per vertical line (width of the array)
+    /// @returns error code.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t set_font(const unsigned char * font = NULL);
+
+    /// Get the RGB value for a DOS color.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] i is the color, in the range 0 to 15;
+    /// @returns the RGB color of the selected index, or 0 
+    ///     if the index is out of bounds.
+    ///
+    color_t DOSColor(int i);
+
+    /// Get the color name (string) for a DOS color.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] i is the color, in the range 0 to 15;
+    /// @returns a pointer to a string with the color name,
+    ///     or NULL if the index is out of bounds.
+    /// 
+    const char * DOSColorNames(int i);
+
+    /// Advanced method indicating the start of a graphics stream.
+    ///
+    /// This is called prior to a stream of pixel data being sent.
+    /// This may cause register configuration changes in the derived
+    /// class in order to prepare the hardware to accept the streaming
+    /// data.
+    ///
+    /// Following this command, a series of @see _putp() commands can
+    /// be used to send individual pixels to the screen.
+    ///
+    /// To conclude the graphics stream, @see _EndGraphicsStream should
+    /// be callled.
+    ///
+    /// @returns error code.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t _StartGraphicsStream(void);
+    
+    /// Advanced method to put a single color pixel to the screen.
+    ///
+    /// This method may be called as many times as necessary after 
+    /// @see _StartGraphicsStream() is called, and it should be followed 
+    /// by _EndGraphicsStream.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] pixel is a color value to be put on the screen.
+    /// @returns error code.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t _putp(color_t pixel);
+    
+    /// Advanced method indicating the end of a graphics stream.
+    ///
+    /// This is called to conclude a stream of pixel data that was sent.
+    /// This may cause register configuration changes in the derived
+    /// class in order to stop the hardware from accept the streaming
+    /// data.
+    ///
+    /// @returns error code.
+    ///
+    virtual RetCode_t _EndGraphicsStream(void);
+
+    /// Set the SPI port frequency (in Hz).
+    ///
+    /// This uses the mbed SPI driver, and is therefore dependent on
+    /// its capabilities. The RA8875 can accept writes via SPI faster
+    /// than a read can be performed. The frequency set by this API
+    /// is for the SPI writes. It will automatically reduce the SPI
+    /// clock rate when a read is performed, and restore it for the 
+    /// next write. Alternately, the 2nd parameters permits setting
+    /// the read speed rather than letting it compute it automatically.
+    ///
+    /// @note The primary effect of this is to recover more CPU cycles
+    ///     for your application code. Keep in mind that when more than
+    ///     one command is sent to the display controller, that it
+    ///     will wait for the controller to finish the prior command.
+    ///     In this case, the performance is limited by the RA8875.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] Hz is the frequency in Hz, tested range includes the
+    ///     range from 1,000,000 (1MHz) to 10,000,000 (10 MHz). Values
+    ///     outside this range will be accepted, but operation may
+    ///     be unreliable. This depends partially on your hardware design
+    ///     and the wires connecting the display module.
+    ///     The default value is 5,000,000, which should work for most
+    ///     applications as a starting point.
+    /// @param[in] Hz2 is an optional parameter and will set the read
+    ///     speed independently of the write speed.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t frequency(unsigned long Hz = RA8875_DEFAULT_SPI_FREQ, unsigned long Hz2 = 0);
+    
+    /// This method captures the specified area as a 24-bit bitmap file.
+    ///
+    /// Even though this is a 16-bit display, the stored image is in
+    /// 24-bit format.
+    ///
+    /// This method will interrogate the current display setting and
+    /// create a bitmap based on those settings. For instance, if 
+    /// only layer 1 is visible, then the bitmap is only layer 1. However,
+    /// if there is some other operation in effect (transparent mode).
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] x is the left edge of the region to capture
+    /// @param[in] y is the top edge of the region to capture
+    /// @param[in] w is the width of the region to capture
+    /// @param[in] h is the height of the region to capture.
+    /// @param[out] Name_BMP is the filename to write the image to.
+    /// @return success or error code.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t PrintScreen(loc_t x, loc_t y, dim_t w, dim_t h, const char *Name_BMP);
+    
+    /// This method captures the specified area as a 24-bit bitmap file,
+    /// including the option of layer selection.
+    ///
+    /// @caution This method is deprecated as the alternate PrintScreen API
+    ///         automatically examines the display layer configuration.
+    ///         Therefore, calls to this API will ignore the layer parameter
+    ///         and automatically execute the other method.
+    ///
+    /// Even though this is a 16-bit display, the stored image is in
+    /// 24-bit format.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] layer is 0 or 1 to select the layer to extract.
+    /// @param[in] x is the left edge of the region to capture
+    /// @param[in] y is the top edge of the region to capture
+    /// @param[in] w is the width of the region to capture
+    /// @param[in] h is the height of the region to capture.
+    /// @param[out] Name_BMP is the filename to write the image to.
+    /// @return success or error code.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t PrintScreen(uint16_t layer, loc_t x, loc_t y, dim_t w, dim_t h, const char *Name_BMP);
+    
+
+#ifdef PERF_METRICS
+    /// Clear the performance metrics to zero.
+    void ClearPerformance();
+    
+    /// Count idle time.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] t is the amount of idle time to accumulate.
+    ///
+    void CountIdleTime(uint32_t t);
+    
+    /// Report the performance metrics for drawing functions using
+    /// the available serial channel.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in,out] pc is the serial channel to write to.
+    ///
+    void ReportPerformance(Serial & pc);
+#endif
+
+
+private:
+    /// Touch Panel register name definitions
+    #define TPCR0   0x70
+    #define TPCR1   0x71
+    #define TPXH    0x72
+    #define TPYH    0x73
+    #define TPXYL   0x74
+    #define INTC1   0xF0
+    #define INTC2   0xF1
+
+    /// Specify the default settings for the Touch Panel, where different from the chip defaults
+    #define TP_MODE_DEFAULT             TP_MODE_AUTO
+    #define TP_DEBOUNCE_DEFAULT         TP_DEBOUNCE_ON
+    #define TP_ADC_CLKDIV_DEFAULT       TP_ADC_CLKDIV_8
+
+    #define TP_ADC_SAMPLE_DEFAULT_CLKS  TP_ADC_SAMPLE_8192_CLKS
+
+    /// Other Touch Panel params
+    #define TPBUFSIZE   16       // Depth of the averaging buffers for x and y data
+
+    /// Touch Panel calibration matrix.
+    tpMatrix_t tpMatrix;
+
+    /// Internal function to put a character using the built-in (internal) font engine
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] is the character to put to the screen.
+    /// @returns the character put.
+    ///
+    int _internal_putc(int c);
+    
+    /// Internal function to put a character using the external font engine
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] is the character to put to the screen.
+    /// @returns the character put.
+    ///
+    int _external_putc(int c);
+    
+    /// Select the peripheral to use it.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] chipsel when true will select the peripheral, and when false
+    ///     will deselect the chip. This is the logical selection, and
+    ///     the pin selection is the invert of this.
+    /// @returns success/failure code. @see RetCode_t.
+    ///
+    RetCode_t _select(bool chipsel);
+
+    /// Wait while the status register indicates the controller is busy.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] mask is the mask of bits to monitor.
+    /// @returns true if a normal exit.
+    /// @returns false if a timeout exit.
+    ///
+    bool _WaitWhileBusy(uint8_t mask);
+
+    /// Wait while the the register anded with the mask is true.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] reg is the register to monitor
+    /// @param[in] mask is the bit mask to monitor
+    /// @returns true if it was a normal exit
+    /// @returns false if it was a timeout that caused the exit.
+    ///
+    bool _WaitWhileReg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t mask);
+
+    /// set the spi port to either the write or the read speed.
+    ///
+    /// This is a private API used to toggle between the write
+    /// and the read speed for the SPI port to the RA8875, since
+    /// it can accept writes faster than reads.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] writeSpeed when true selects the write frequency,
+    ///     and when false it selects the read frequency.
+    ///
+    void _setWriteSpeed(bool writeSpeed);
+
+    /// The most primitive - to write a data value to the SPI interface.
+    ///
+    /// @param[in] data is the value to write.
+    /// @returns a value read from the port, since SPI is often shift
+    ///     in while shifting out.
+    ///
+    unsigned char _spiwrite(unsigned char data);
+    
+    /// The most primitive - to read a data value to the SPI interface.
+    ///
+    /// This is really just a specialcase of the write command, where
+    /// the value zero is written in order to read.
+    ///
+    /// @returns a value read from the port, since SPI is often shift
+    ///     in while shifting out.
+    ///
+    unsigned char _spiread();
+    
+    const uint8_t * pKeyMap;
+    
+    SPI spi;                        ///< spi port
+    bool spiWriteSpeed;             ///< indicates if the current mode is write or read
+    unsigned long spiwritefreq;     ///< saved write freq
+    unsigned long spireadfreq;      ///< saved read freq
+    DigitalOut cs;                  ///< chip select pin, assumed active low
+    DigitalOut res;                 ///< reset pin, assumed active low
+    const unsigned char * font;     ///< reference to an external font somewhere in memory
+    loc_t cursor_x, cursor_y;    ///< used for external fonts only
+    
+    #ifdef PERF_METRICS
+    typedef enum
+    {
+        PRF_CLS,
+        PRF_DRAWPIXEL,
+        PRF_PIXELSTREAM,
+        PRF_READPIXEL,
+        PRF_READPIXELSTREAM,
+        PRF_DRAWLINE,
+        PRF_DRAWRECTANGLE,
+        PRF_DRAWROUNDEDRECTANGLE,
+        PRF_DRAWTRIANGLE,
+        PRF_DRAWCIRCLE,
+        PRF_DRAWELLIPSE,
+        METRICCOUNT
+    } method_e;
+    unsigned long metrics[METRICCOUNT];
+    unsigned long idletime_usec;
+    void RegisterPerformance(method_e method);
+    Timer performance;
+    #endif
+};
+
+//}     // namespace
+
+//using namespace SW_graphics;
+
+
+#ifdef TESTENABLE
+//      ______________  ______________  ______________  _______________
+//     /_____   _____/ /  ___________/ /  ___________/ /_____   ______/
+//          /  /      /  /            /  /                  /  /
+//         /  /      /  /___         /  /__________        /  /
+//        /  /      /  ____/        /__________   /       /  /
+//       /  /      /  /                       /  /       /  /
+//      /  /      /  /__________  ___________/  /       /  /
+//     /__/      /_____________/ /_____________/       /__/
+
+#include "WebColors.h"
+#include "Arial12x12.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+
+extern "C" void mbed_reset();
+
+/// This activates a small set of tests for the graphics library. 
+///
+/// Call this API and pass it the reference to the display class.
+/// It will then run a series of tests. It accepts interaction via
+/// stdin to switch from automatic test mode to manual, run a specific
+/// test, or to exit the test mode.
+///
+/// @param[in] lcd is a reference to the display class.
+/// @param[in] pc is a reference to a serial interface, typically the USB to PC.
+///
+void RunTestSet(RA8875 & lcd, Serial & pc);
+
+
+// To enable the test code, uncomment this section, or copy the
+// necessary pieces to your "main()".
+//
+// #include "mbed.h"
+// #include "RA8875.h"
+// RA8875 lcd(p5, p6, p7, p12, NC, "tft");    // MOSI, MISO, SCK, /ChipSelect, /reset, name
+// Serial pc(USBTX, USBRX);
+// extern "C" void mbed_reset();
+// int main()
+// {
+//     pc.baud(460800);    // I like a snappy terminal, so crank it up!
+//     pc.printf("\r\nRA8875 Test - Build " __DATE__ " " __TIME__ "\r\n");
+// 
+//     pc.printf("Turning on display\r\n");
+//     lcd.Reset();
+//     lcd.Power(true);  // display power is on, but the backlight is independent
+//     lcd.Backlight(0.5);
+//     RunTestSet(lcd, pc);
+// }
+
+#endif // TESTENABLE
+
+#endif