In the past, you need modify rtc_api.c in mbed-dev source code. From this revision, you can just use RTC function all of conditions (Normal, Reset, Stand-by, Power OFF).

Note

From now on, you do NOT need any modification for mbed-dev library because STM team updates rtc_api.c source code and support RTC function under reset & standby condition includes power off condition (You need additional VBAT back-up hardware).

Please refer following NOTE information.
/users/kenjiArai/notebook/nucleo-series-rtc-control-under-power-onoff-and-re/

Revision:
14:4b03106ece1f
Parent:
12:8cb1f89541d1
--- a/mbed-os.lib	Mon Jan 11 07:55:27 2021 +0000
+++ b/mbed-os.lib	Sat Mar 06 08:29:51 2021 +0000
@@ -1,1 +1,1 @@
-https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbed-os/#84d991342a41011fc417aab62c0f5a8832f1d18f
+https://github.com/ARMmbed/mbed-os/#bfde5aa1e74802771eaeacfa74789f71677325cb