Port of MicroPython to the mbed platform. See micropython-repl for an interactive program.

Dependents:   micropython-repl

This a port of MicroPython to the mbed Classic platform.

This provides an interpreter running on the board's USB serial connection.

Getting Started

Import the micropython-repl program into your IDE workspace on developer.mbed.org. Compile and download to your board. Connect to the USB serial port in your usual manner. You should get a startup message similar to the following:

  MicroPython v1.7-155-gdddcdd8 on 2016-04-23; K64F with ARM
  Type "help()" for more information.
  >>>

Then you can start using micropython. For example:

  >>> from mbed import DigitalOut
  >>> from pins import LED1
  >>> led = DigitalOut(LED1)
  >>> led.write(1)

Requirements

You need approximately 100K of flash memory, so this will be no good for boards with smaller amounts of storage.

Caveats

This can be considered an alpha release of the port; things may not work; APIs may change in later releases. It is NOT an official part part the micropython project, so if anything doesn't work, blame me. If it does work, most of the credit is due to micropython.

  • Only a few of the mbed classes are available in micropython so far, and not all methods of those that are.
  • Only a few boards have their full range of pin names available; for others, only a few standard ones (USBTX, USBRX, LED1) are implemented.
  • The garbage collector is not yet implemented. The interpreter will gradually consume memory and then fail.
  • Exceptions from the mbed classes are not yet handled.
  • Asynchronous processing (e.g. events on inputs) is not supported.

Credits

  • Damien P. George and other contributors who created micropython.
  • Colin Hogben, author of this port.
Revision:
0:5868e8752d44
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/py/mpprint.c	Sat Apr 16 17:11:56 2016 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,551 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the Micro Python project, http://micropython.org/
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2013-2015 Damien P. George
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "py/mphal.h"
+#include "py/mpprint.h"
+#include "py/obj.h"
+#include "py/objint.h"
+#include "py/runtime.h"
+
+#if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_FLOAT
+#include "py/formatfloat.h"
+#endif
+
+static const char pad_spaces[] = "                ";
+static const char pad_zeroes[] = "0000000000000000";
+
+STATIC void plat_print_strn(void *env, const char *str, size_t len) {
+    (void)env;
+    MP_PLAT_PRINT_STRN(str, len);
+}
+
+const mp_print_t mp_plat_print = {NULL, plat_print_strn};
+
+int mp_print_str(const mp_print_t *print, const char *str) {
+    size_t len = strlen(str);
+    if (len) {
+        print->print_strn(print->data, str, len);
+    }
+    return len;
+}
+
+int mp_print_strn(const mp_print_t *print, const char *str, size_t len, int flags, char fill, int width) {
+    int left_pad = 0;
+    int right_pad = 0;
+    int pad = width - len;
+    int pad_size;
+    int total_chars_printed = 0;
+    const char *pad_chars;
+
+    if (!fill || fill == ' ') {
+        pad_chars = pad_spaces;
+        pad_size = sizeof(pad_spaces) - 1;
+    } else if (fill == '0') {
+        pad_chars = pad_zeroes;
+        pad_size = sizeof(pad_zeroes) - 1;
+    } else {
+        // Other pad characters are fairly unusual, so we'll take the hit
+        // and output them 1 at a time.
+        pad_chars = &fill;
+        pad_size = 1;
+    }
+
+    if (flags & PF_FLAG_CENTER_ADJUST) {
+        left_pad = pad / 2;
+        right_pad = pad - left_pad;
+    } else if (flags & PF_FLAG_LEFT_ADJUST) {
+        right_pad = pad;
+    } else {
+        left_pad = pad;
+    }
+
+    if (left_pad > 0) {
+        total_chars_printed += left_pad;
+        while (left_pad > 0) {
+            int p = left_pad;
+            if (p > pad_size) {
+                p = pad_size;
+            }
+            print->print_strn(print->data, pad_chars, p);
+            left_pad -= p;
+        }
+    }
+    if (len) {
+        print->print_strn(print->data, str, len);
+        total_chars_printed += len;
+    }
+    if (right_pad > 0) {
+        total_chars_printed += right_pad;
+        while (right_pad > 0) {
+            int p = right_pad;
+            if (p > pad_size) {
+                p = pad_size;
+            }
+            print->print_strn(print->data, pad_chars, p);
+            right_pad -= p;
+        }
+    }
+    return total_chars_printed;
+}
+
+// 32-bits is 10 digits, add 3 for commas, 1 for sign, 1 for terminating null
+// We can use 16 characters for 32-bit and 32 characters for 64-bit
+#define INT_BUF_SIZE (sizeof(mp_int_t) * 4)
+
+// Our mp_vprintf function below does not support the '#' format modifier to
+// print the prefix of a non-base-10 number, so we don't need code for this.
+#define SUPPORT_INT_BASE_PREFIX (0)
+
+// This function is used exclusively by mp_vprintf to format ints.
+// It needs to be a separate function to mp_print_mp_int, since converting to a mp_int looses the MSB.
+STATIC int mp_print_int(const mp_print_t *print, mp_uint_t x, int sgn, int base, int base_char, int flags, char fill, int width) {
+    char sign = 0;
+    if (sgn) {
+        if ((mp_int_t)x < 0) {
+            sign = '-';
+            x = -x;
+        } else if (flags & PF_FLAG_SHOW_SIGN) {
+            sign = '+';
+        } else if (flags & PF_FLAG_SPACE_SIGN) {
+            sign = ' ';
+        }
+    }
+
+    char buf[INT_BUF_SIZE];
+    char *b = buf + INT_BUF_SIZE;
+
+    if (x == 0) {
+        *(--b) = '0';
+    } else {
+        do {
+            int c = x % base;
+            x /= base;
+            if (c >= 10) {
+                c += base_char - 10;
+            } else {
+                c += '0';
+            }
+            *(--b) = c;
+        } while (b > buf && x != 0);
+    }
+
+    #if SUPPORT_INT_BASE_PREFIX
+    char prefix_char = '\0';
+
+    if (flags & PF_FLAG_SHOW_PREFIX) {
+        if (base == 2) {
+            prefix_char = base_char + 'b' - 'a';
+        } else if (base == 8) {
+            prefix_char = base_char + 'o' - 'a';
+        } else if (base == 16) {
+            prefix_char = base_char + 'x' - 'a';
+        }
+    }
+    #endif
+
+    int len = 0;
+    if (flags & PF_FLAG_PAD_AFTER_SIGN) {
+        if (sign) {
+            len += mp_print_strn(print, &sign, 1, flags, fill, 1);
+            width--;
+        }
+        #if SUPPORT_INT_BASE_PREFIX
+        if (prefix_char) {
+            len += mp_print_strn(print, "0", 1, flags, fill, 1);
+            len += mp_print_strn(print, &prefix_char, 1, flags, fill, 1);
+            width -= 2;
+        }
+        #endif
+    } else {
+        #if SUPPORT_INT_BASE_PREFIX
+        if (prefix_char && b > &buf[1]) {
+            *(--b) = prefix_char;
+            *(--b) = '0';
+        }
+        #endif
+        if (sign && b > buf) {
+            *(--b) = sign;
+        }
+    }
+
+    len += mp_print_strn(print, b, buf + INT_BUF_SIZE - b, flags, fill, width);
+    return len;
+}
+
+int mp_print_mp_int(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_t x, int base, int base_char, int flags, char fill, int width, int prec) {
+    if (!MP_OBJ_IS_INT(x)) {
+        // This will convert booleans to int, or raise an error for
+        // non-integer types.
+        x = MP_OBJ_NEW_SMALL_INT(mp_obj_get_int(x));
+    }
+
+    if ((flags & (PF_FLAG_LEFT_ADJUST | PF_FLAG_CENTER_ADJUST)) == 0 && fill == '0') {
+        if (prec > width) {
+            width = prec;
+        }
+        prec = 0;
+    }
+    char prefix_buf[4];
+    char *prefix = prefix_buf;
+
+    if (mp_obj_int_sign(x) > 0) {
+        if (flags & PF_FLAG_SHOW_SIGN) {
+            *prefix++ = '+';
+        } else if (flags & PF_FLAG_SPACE_SIGN) {
+            *prefix++ = ' ';
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (flags & PF_FLAG_SHOW_PREFIX) {
+        if (base == 2) {
+            *prefix++ = '0';
+            *prefix++ = base_char + 'b' - 'a';
+        } else if (base == 8) {
+            *prefix++ = '0';
+            if (flags & PF_FLAG_SHOW_OCTAL_LETTER) {
+                *prefix++ = base_char + 'o' - 'a';
+            }
+        } else if (base == 16) {
+            *prefix++ = '0';
+            *prefix++ = base_char + 'x' - 'a';
+        }
+    }
+    *prefix = '\0';
+    int prefix_len = prefix - prefix_buf;
+    prefix = prefix_buf;
+
+    char comma = '\0';
+    if (flags & PF_FLAG_SHOW_COMMA) {
+        comma = ',';
+    }
+
+    // The size of this buffer is rather arbitrary. If it's not large
+    // enough, a dynamic one will be allocated.
+    char stack_buf[sizeof(mp_int_t) * 4];
+    char *buf = stack_buf;
+    mp_uint_t buf_size = sizeof(stack_buf);
+    mp_uint_t fmt_size = 0;
+    char *str;
+
+    if (prec > 1) {
+        flags |= PF_FLAG_PAD_AFTER_SIGN;
+    }
+    char sign = '\0';
+    if (flags & PF_FLAG_PAD_AFTER_SIGN) {
+        // We add the pad in this function, so since the pad goes after
+        // the sign & prefix, we format without a prefix
+        str = mp_obj_int_formatted(&buf, &buf_size, &fmt_size,
+                                   x, base, NULL, base_char, comma);
+        if (*str == '-') {
+            sign = *str++;
+            fmt_size--;
+        }
+    } else {
+        str = mp_obj_int_formatted(&buf, &buf_size, &fmt_size,
+                                   x, base, prefix, base_char, comma);
+    }
+
+    int spaces_before = 0;
+    int spaces_after = 0;
+
+    if (prec > 1) {
+        // If prec was specified, then prec specifies the width to zero-pad the
+        // the number to. This zero-padded number then gets left or right
+        // aligned in width characters.
+
+        int prec_width = fmt_size;  // The digits
+        if (prec_width < prec) {
+            prec_width = prec;
+        }
+        if (flags & PF_FLAG_PAD_AFTER_SIGN) {
+            if (sign) {
+                prec_width++;
+            }
+            prec_width += prefix_len;
+        }
+        if (prec_width < width) {
+            if (flags & PF_FLAG_LEFT_ADJUST) {
+                spaces_after = width - prec_width;
+            } else {
+                spaces_before = width - prec_width;
+            }
+        }
+        fill = '0';
+        flags &= ~PF_FLAG_LEFT_ADJUST;
+    }
+
+    int len = 0;
+    if (spaces_before) {
+        len += mp_print_strn(print, "", 0, 0, ' ', spaces_before);
+    }
+    if (flags & PF_FLAG_PAD_AFTER_SIGN) {
+        // pad after sign implies pad after prefix as well.
+        if (sign) {
+            len += mp_print_strn(print, &sign, 1, 0, 0, 1);
+            width--;
+        }
+        if (prefix_len) {
+            len += mp_print_strn(print, prefix, prefix_len, 0, 0, 1);
+            width -= prefix_len;
+        }
+    }
+    if (prec > 1) {
+        width = prec;
+    }
+
+    len += mp_print_strn(print, str, fmt_size, flags, fill, width);
+
+    if (spaces_after) {
+        len += mp_print_strn(print, "", 0, 0, ' ', spaces_after);
+    }
+
+    if (buf != stack_buf) {
+        m_del(char, buf, buf_size);
+    }
+    return len;
+}
+
+#if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_FLOAT
+int mp_print_float(const mp_print_t *print, mp_float_t f, char fmt, int flags, char fill, int width, int prec) {
+    char buf[32];
+    char sign = '\0';
+    int chrs = 0;
+
+    if (flags & PF_FLAG_SHOW_SIGN) {
+        sign = '+';
+    }
+    else
+    if (flags & PF_FLAG_SPACE_SIGN) {
+        sign = ' ';
+    }
+
+    int len = mp_format_float(f, buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, prec, sign);
+    if (len < 0) {
+        len = 0;
+    }
+
+    char *s = buf;
+
+    if ((flags & PF_FLAG_ADD_PERCENT) && (size_t)(len + 1) < sizeof(buf)) {
+        buf[len++] = '%';
+        buf[len] = '\0';
+    }
+
+    // buf[0] < '0' returns true if the first character is space, + or -
+    if ((flags & PF_FLAG_PAD_AFTER_SIGN) && buf[0] < '0') {
+        // We have a sign character
+        s++;
+        chrs += mp_print_strn(print, &buf[0], 1, 0, 0, 1);
+        width--;
+        len--;
+    }
+
+    chrs += mp_print_strn(print, s, len, flags, fill, width);
+
+    return chrs;
+}
+#endif
+
+int mp_printf(const mp_print_t *print, const char *fmt, ...) {
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap, fmt);
+    int ret = mp_vprintf(print, fmt, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int mp_vprintf(const mp_print_t *print, const char *fmt, va_list args) {
+    int chrs = 0;
+    for (;;) {
+        {
+            const char *f = fmt;
+            while (*f != '\0' && *f != '%') {
+                ++f; // XXX UTF8 advance char
+            }
+            if (f > fmt) {
+                print->print_strn(print->data, fmt, f - fmt);
+                chrs += f - fmt;
+                fmt = f;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (*fmt == '\0') {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // move past % character
+        ++fmt;
+
+        // parse flags, if they exist
+        int flags = 0;
+        char fill = ' ';
+        while (*fmt != '\0') {
+            if (*fmt == '-') flags |= PF_FLAG_LEFT_ADJUST;
+            else if (*fmt == '+') flags |= PF_FLAG_SHOW_SIGN;
+            else if (*fmt == ' ') flags |= PF_FLAG_SPACE_SIGN;
+            else if (*fmt == '!') flags |= PF_FLAG_NO_TRAILZ;
+            else if (*fmt == '0') {
+                flags |= PF_FLAG_PAD_AFTER_SIGN;
+                fill = '0';
+            } else break;
+            ++fmt;
+        }
+
+        // parse width, if it exists
+        int width = 0;
+        for (; '0' <= *fmt && *fmt <= '9'; ++fmt) {
+            width = width * 10 + *fmt - '0';
+        }
+
+        // parse precision, if it exists
+        int prec = -1;
+        if (*fmt == '.') {
+            ++fmt;
+            if (*fmt == '*') {
+                ++fmt;
+                prec = va_arg(args, int);
+            } else {
+                prec = 0;
+                for (; '0' <= *fmt && *fmt <= '9'; ++fmt) {
+                    prec = prec * 10 + *fmt - '0';
+                }
+            }
+            if (prec < 0) {
+                prec = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // parse long specifiers (current not used)
+        //bool long_arg = false;
+        if (*fmt == 'l') {
+            ++fmt;
+            //long_arg = true;
+        }
+
+        if (*fmt == '\0') {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        switch (*fmt) {
+            case 'b':
+                if (va_arg(args, int)) {
+                    chrs += mp_print_strn(print, "true", 4, flags, fill, width);
+                } else {
+                    chrs += mp_print_strn(print, "false", 5, flags, fill, width);
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'c':
+            {
+                char str = va_arg(args, int);
+                chrs += mp_print_strn(print, &str, 1, flags, fill, width);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 'q':
+            {
+                qstr qst = va_arg(args, qstr);
+                size_t len;
+                const char *str = (const char*)qstr_data(qst, &len);
+                if (prec < 0) {
+                    prec = len;
+                }
+                chrs += mp_print_strn(print, str, prec, flags, fill, width);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 's':
+            {
+                const char *str = va_arg(args, const char*);
+                if (str) {
+                    if (prec < 0) {
+                        prec = strlen(str);
+                    }
+                    chrs += mp_print_strn(print, str, prec, flags, fill, width);
+                } else {
+                    chrs += mp_print_strn(print, "(null)", 6, flags, fill, width);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case 'u':
+                chrs += mp_print_int(print, va_arg(args, unsigned int), 0, 10, 'a', flags, fill, width);
+                break;
+            case 'd':
+                chrs += mp_print_int(print, va_arg(args, int), 1, 10, 'a', flags, fill, width);
+                break;
+            case 'x':
+                chrs += mp_print_int(print, va_arg(args, unsigned int), 0, 16, 'a', flags, fill, width);
+                break;
+            case 'X':
+                chrs += mp_print_int(print, va_arg(args, unsigned int), 0, 16, 'A', flags, fill, width);
+                break;
+            case 'p':
+            case 'P': // don't bother to handle upcase for 'P'
+                chrs += mp_print_int(print, va_arg(args, unsigned int), 0, 16, 'a', flags, fill, width);
+                break;
+#if MICROPY_PY_BUILTINS_FLOAT
+            case 'e':
+            case 'E':
+            case 'f':
+            case 'F':
+            case 'g':
+            case 'G':
+            {
+#if ((MICROPY_FLOAT_IMPL == MICROPY_FLOAT_IMPL_FLOAT) || (MICROPY_FLOAT_IMPL == MICROPY_FLOAT_IMPL_DOUBLE))
+                mp_float_t f = va_arg(args, double);
+                chrs += mp_print_float(print, f, *fmt, flags, fill, width, prec);
+#else
+#error Unknown MICROPY FLOAT IMPL
+#endif
+                break;
+            }
+#endif
+            // Because 'l' is eaten above, another 'l' means %ll.  We need to support
+            // this length specifier for OBJ_REPR_D (64-bit NaN boxing).
+            // TODO Either enable this unconditionally, or provide a specific config var.
+            #if (MICROPY_OBJ_REPR == MICROPY_OBJ_REPR_D) || defined(_WIN64)
+            case 'l': {
+                unsigned long long int arg_value = va_arg(args, unsigned long long int);
+                ++fmt;
+                if (*fmt == 'u' || *fmt == 'd') {
+                    chrs += mp_print_int(print, arg_value, *fmt == 'd', 10, 'a', flags, fill, width);
+                    break;
+                }
+                // fall through to default case to print unknown format char
+            }
+            #endif
+            default:
+                print->print_strn(print->data, fmt, 1);
+                chrs += 1;
+                break;
+        }
+        ++fmt;
+    }
+    return chrs;
+}