Revision 0:cca5efd78157, committed 2010-04-23

Comitter:

dgwilson

Date:

Fri Apr 23 08:29:01 2010 +0000

Commit message:

Changed in this revision

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/FATFileSystem.lib	Fri Apr 23 08:29:01 2010 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,1 @@
+http://mbed.org/users/mbed_unsupported/code/fatfilesystem/
\ No newline at end of file

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/SDFileSystem.cpp	Fri Apr 23 08:29:01 2010 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
+/* mbed Microcontroller Library - SDFileSystem
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2009, sford
+ */
+
+// VERY DRAFT CODE! Needs serious rework/refactoring
+
+/* Introduction
+ * ------------
+ * SD and MMC cards support a number of interfaces, but common to them all
+ * is one based on SPI. This is the one I'm implmenting because it means
+ * it is much more portable even though not so performant, and we already
+ * have the mbed SPI Interface!
+ *
+ * The main reference I'm using is Chapter 7, "SPI Mode" of:
+ *  http://www.sdcard.org/developers/tech/sdcard/pls/Simplified_Physical_Layer_Spec.pdf
+ *
+ * SPI Startup
+ * -----------
+ * The SD card powers up in SD mode. The SPI interface mode is selected by
+ * asserting CS low and sending the reset command (CMD0). The card will
+ * respond with a (R1) response.
+ *
+ * CMD8 is optionally sent to determine the voltage range supported, and
+ * indirectly determine whether it is a version 1.x SD/non-SD card or
+ * version 2.x. I'll just ignore this for now.
+ *
+ * ACMD41 is repeatedly issued to initialise the card, until "in idle"
+ * (bit 0) of the R1 response goes to '0', indicating it is initialised.
+ *
+ * You should also indicate whether the host supports High Capicity cards,
+ * and check whether the card is high capacity - i'll also ignore this
+ *
+ * SPI Protocol
+ * ------------
+ * The SD SPI protocol is based on transactions made up of 8-bit words, with
+ * the host starting every bus transaction by asserting the CS signal low. The
+ * card always responds to commands, data blocks and errors.
+ *
+ * The protocol supports a CRC, but by default it is off (except for the
+ * first reset CMD0, where the CRC can just be pre-calculated, and CMD8)
+ * I'll leave the CRC off I think!
+ *
+ * Standard capacity cards have variable data block sizes, whereas High
+ * Capacity cards fix the size of data block to 512 bytes. I'll therefore
+ * just always use the Standard Capacity cards with a block size of 512 bytes.
+ * This is set with CMD16.
+ *
+ * You can read and write single blocks (CMD17, CMD25) or multiple blocks
+ * (CMD18, CMD25). For simplicity, I'll just use single block accesses. When
+ * the card gets a read command, it responds with a response token, and then
+ * a data token or an error.
+ *
+ * SPI Command Format
+ * ------------------
+ * Commands are 6-bytes long, containing the command, 32-bit argument, and CRC.
+ *
+ * +---------------+------------+------------+-----------+----------+--------------+
+ * | 01 | cmd[5:0] | arg[31:24] | arg[23:16] | arg[15:8] | arg[7:0] | crc[6:0] | 1 |
+ * +---------------+------------+------------+-----------+----------+--------------+
+ *
+ * As I'm not using CRC, I can fix that byte to what is needed for CMD0 (0x95)
+ *
+ * All Application Specific commands shall be preceded with APP_CMD (CMD55).
+ *
+ * SPI Response Format
+ * -------------------
+ * The main response format (R1) is a status byte (normally zero). Key flags:
+ *  idle - 1 if the card is in an idle state/initialising
+ *  cmd  - 1 if an illegal command code was detected
+ *
+ *    +-------------------------------------------------+
+ * R1 | 0 | arg | addr | seq | crc | cmd | erase | idle |
+ *    +-------------------------------------------------+
+ *
+ * R1b is the same, except it is followed by a busy signal (zeros) until
+ * the first non-zero byte when it is ready again.
+ *
+ * Data Response Token
+ * -------------------
+ * Every data block written to the card is acknowledged by a byte
+ * response token
+ *
+ * +----------------------+
+ * | xxx | 0 | status | 1 |
+ * +----------------------+
+ *              010 - OK!
+ *              101 - CRC Error
+ *              110 - Write Error
+ *
+ * Single Block Read and Write
+ * ---------------------------
+ *
+ * Block transfers have a byte header, followed by the data, followed
+ * by a 16-bit CRC. In our case, the data will always be 512 bytes.
+ *
+ * +------+---------+---------+- -  - -+---------+-----------+----------+
+ * | 0xFE | data[0] | data[1] |        | data[n] | crc[15:8] | crc[7:0] |
+ * +------+---------+---------+- -  - -+---------+-----------+----------+
+ */
+
+#include "SDFileSystem.h"
+
+#define SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT 500000
+
+SDFileSystem::SDFileSystem(PinName mosi, PinName miso, PinName sclk, PinName cs, const char* name) :
+        FATFileSystem(name), _spi(mosi, miso, sclk), _cs(cs) {
+    _cs = 1;
+}
+
+#define R1_IDLE_STATE           (1 << 0)
+#define R1_ERASE_RESET          (1 << 1)
+#define R1_ILLEGAL_COMMAND      (1 << 2)
+#define R1_COM_CRC_ERROR        (1 << 3)
+#define R1_ERASE_SEQUENCE_ERROR (1 << 4)
+#define R1_ADDRESS_ERROR        (1 << 5)
+#define R1_PARAMETER_ERROR      (1 << 6)
+
+// Types
+//  - v1.x Standard Capacity
+//  - v2.x Standard Capacity
+//  - v2.x High Capacity
+//  - Not recognised as an SD Card
+
+#define SDCARD_FAIL 0
+#define SDCARD_V1   1
+#define SDCARD_V2   2
+#define SDCARD_V2HC 3
+
+int SDFileSystem::initialise_card() {
+    fprintf(stderr, "\r\ninitialise_card\r\n");
+    // Set to 100kHz for initialisation, and clock card with cs = 1
+    _spi.frequency(100000);
+    _cs = 1;
+    for (int i=0; i<16; i++) {
+        _spi.write(0xFF);
+    }
+
+    // send CMD0, should return with all zeros except IDLE STATE set (bit 0)
+    if (_cmd(0, 0) != R1_IDLE_STATE) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "No disk, or could not put SD card in to SPI idle state\n");
+        return SDCARD_FAIL;
+    }
+
+    // send CMD8 to determine whther it is ver 2.x
+    int r = _cmd8();
+    if (r == R1_IDLE_STATE) {
+        return initialise_card_v2();
+    } else if (r == (R1_IDLE_STATE | R1_ILLEGAL_COMMAND)) {
+        return initialise_card_v1();
+    } else {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Not in idle state after sending CMD8 (not an SD card?)\n");
+        return SDCARD_FAIL;
+    }
+}
+
+int SDFileSystem::initialise_card_v1() {
+    for (int i=0; i<SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT; i++) {
+        _cmd(55, 0);
+        if (_cmd(41, 0) == 0) {
+            return SDCARD_V1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "Timeout waiting for v1.x card\n");
+    return SDCARD_FAIL;
+}
+
+int SDFileSystem::initialise_card_v2() {
+    fprintf(stderr, "\r\ninitialise_card_v2\r\n");
+    for (int i=0; i<SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT; i++) {
+        _cmd(55, 0);
+//        if(_cmd(41, 0) == 0) {
+        if (_cmd41() == 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "\r\ncmd41 returns idle - now initialised. Send cmd58\r\n");
+            _cmd58();
+            return SDCARD_V2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "Timeout waiting for v2.x card\r\n");
+    return SDCARD_FAIL;
+}
+
+int SDFileSystem::disk_initialize() {
+
+    int i = initialise_card();
+    printf("init card = %d\r\n", i);
+//    printf("OK\n");
+
+    _sectors = _sd_sectors();
+
+    // Set block length to 512 (CMD16)
+    if (_cmd(16, 512) != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Set 512-byte block timed out\r\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    _spi.frequency(1000000); // Set to 1MHz for data transfer
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int SDFileSystem::disk_write(const char *buffer, int block_number) {
+    // set write address for single block (CMD24)
+    if (_cmd(24, block_number * 512) != 0) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // send the data block
+    _write(buffer, 512);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int SDFileSystem::disk_read(char *buffer, int block_number) {
+    // set read address for single block (CMD17)
+    if (_cmd(17, block_number * 512) != 0) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // receive the data
+    _read(buffer, 512);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int SDFileSystem::disk_status() {
+    return 0;
+}
+int SDFileSystem::disk_sync() {
+    return 0;
+}
+int SDFileSystem::disk_sectors() {
+    return _sectors;
+}
+
+// PRIVATE FUNCTIONS
+
+int SDFileSystem::_cmd(int cmd, int arg) {
+    _cs = 0;
+
+    // send a command
+    _spi.write(0x40 | cmd);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 24);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 16);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 8);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 0);
+    _spi.write(0x95);
+
+    // wait for the repsonse (response[7] == 0)
+    for (int i=0; i<SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT; i++) {
+        int response = _spi.write(0xFF);
+        if (!(response & 0x80)) {
+            _cs = 1;
+            _spi.write(0xFF);
+            return response;
+        }
+    }
+    _cs = 1;
+    _spi.write(0xFF);
+    return -1; // timeout
+}
+int SDFileSystem::_cmdx(int cmd, int arg) {
+    _cs = 0;
+
+    // send a command
+    _spi.write(0x40 | cmd);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 24);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 16);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 8);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 0);
+    _spi.write(0x95);
+
+    // wait for the repsonse (response[7] == 0)
+    for (int i=0; i<SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT; i++) {
+        int response = _spi.write(0xFF);
+        if (!(response & 0x80)) {
+            return response;
+        }
+    }
+    _cs = 1;
+    _spi.write(0xFF);
+    return -1; // timeout
+}
+
+int SDFileSystem::_cmd41() {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Issuing cmd41\r\n");
+
+    _cs = 0;
+    int arg = 0;
+
+    // send a command
+    _spi.write(0x40 | 41);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 24);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 16);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 8);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 0);
+    _spi.write(0x95);
+
+    union
+    {
+     unsigned int v; // register value
+     struct CSD_REGISTER f; // register fields
+    } csd;
+       
+    int i;
+    for (i=0; i<SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT; i++) {
+        int response = _spi.write(0xFF);
+        fprintf(stderr, "cmd41 response=0x%08X\r\n", response);
+        if (!(response & 0x80)) {
+            csd.v = _spi.write(0xFF) << 24;
+            csd.v |= _spi.write(0xFF) << 16;
+            csd.v |= _spi.write(0xFF) << 8;
+            csd.v |= _spi.write(0xFF) << 0;
+//            _spi.write(0xFF);
+            
+           fprintf(stderr, "cmd41 ocr=0x%08X\r\n", csd);
+
+            int test = csd.v;
+            if (test & (1UL << 31))
+                fprintf(stderr, "Bit 31 = ON - Therefore - Card Powered up csd=0x%08X\r\n", csd);
+
+            // card_power_up_http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node13.html
+//            if (csd_reg->card_power_up_status == 1) {
+            if (csd.f.card_power_up_status == 1) {            
+                fprintf(stderr, "Card Powered up\r\n");
+
+                if (csd.f.card_capacity_status == 1) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "High Capacity Card\r\n");
+                }
+
+                _cs = 1;
+                _spi.write(0xFF);
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    _cs = 1;
+    _spi.write(0xFF);
+    fprintf(stderr, "cmd41 timeout - exit with -1 i=%d, csd=0x%08X\r\n", i, csd);
+    return -1; // timeout
+}
+
+int SDFileSystem::_cmd58() {
+    _cs = 0;
+    int arg = 0;
+
+    // send a command
+    _spi.write(0x40 | 58);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 24);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 16);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 8);
+    _spi.write(arg >> 0);
+    _spi.write(0x95);
+
+    // wait for the repsonse (response[7] == 0)
+    for (int i=0; i<SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT; i++) {
+        int response = _spi.write(0xFF);
+        if (!(response & 0x80)) {
+            int ocr = _spi.write(0xFF) << 24;
+            ocr |= _spi.write(0xFF) << 16;
+            ocr |= _spi.write(0xFF) << 8;
+            ocr |= _spi.write(0xFF) << 0;
+//            printf("OCR = 0x%08X\n", ocr);
+            _cs = 1;
+            _spi.write(0xFF);
+            return response;
+        }
+    }
+    _cs = 1;
+    _spi.write(0xFF);
+    return -1; // timeout
+}
+
+int SDFileSystem::_cmd8() {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Issuing cmd8\r\n");
+    _cs = 0;
+
+    // send a command
+    _spi.write(0x40 | 8); // CMD8
+    _spi.write(0x00);     // reserved
+    _spi.write(0x00);     // reserved
+    _spi.write(0x01);     // 3.3v
+    _spi.write(0xAA);     // check pattern
+    _spi.write(0x87);     // crc
+
+    // wait for the repsonse (response[7] == 0)
+    for (int i=0; i<SD_COMMAND_TIMEOUT * 1000; i++) {
+        char response[5];
+        response[0] = _spi.write(0xFF);
+        if (!(response[0] & 0x80)) {
+            for (int j=1; j<5; j++) {
+                response[i] = _spi.write(0xFF);
+                fprintf(stderr, " %x,", response[i]);
+            }
+            fprintf(stderr, "\r\n");
+            _cs = 1;
+            _spi.write(0xFF);
+            return response[0];
+        }
+    }
+    _cs = 1;
+    _spi.write(0xFF);
+    return -1; // timeout
+}
+
+int SDFileSystem::_read(char *buffer, int length) {
+    _cs = 0;
+
+    // read until start byte (0xFF)
+    while (_spi.write(0xFF) != 0xFE);
+
+    // read data
+    for (int i=0; i<length; i++) {
+        buffer[i] = _spi.write(0xFF);
+    }
+    _spi.write(0xFF); // checksum
+    _spi.write(0xFF);
+
+    _cs = 1;
+    _spi.write(0xFF);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int SDFileSystem::_write(const char *buffer, int length) {
+    _cs = 0;
+
+    // indicate start of block
+    _spi.write(0xFE);
+
+    // write the data
+    for (int i=0; i<length; i++) {
+        _spi.write(buffer[i]);
+    }
+
+    // write the checksum
+    _spi.write(0xFF);
+    _spi.write(0xFF);
+
+    // check the repsonse token
+    if ((_spi.write(0xFF) & 0x1F) != 0x05) {
+        _cs = 1;
+        _spi.write(0xFF);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // wait for write to finish
+    while (_spi.write(0xFF) == 0);
+
+    _cs = 1;
+    _spi.write(0xFF);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int ext_bits(char *data, int msb, int lsb) {
+    int bits = 0;
+    int size = 1 + msb - lsb;
+    for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
+        int position = lsb + i;
+        int byte = 15 - (position >> 3);
+        int bit = position & 0x7;
+        int value = (data[byte] >> bit) & 1;
+        bits |= value << i;
+    }
+    return bits;
+}
+
+int SDFileSystem::_sd_sectors() {
+
+    // CMD9, Response R2 (R1 byte + 16-byte block read)
+    if (_cmdx(9, 0) != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Didn't get a response from the disk\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    char csd[16];
+    if (_read(csd, 16) != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't read csd response from disk\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // csd_structure : csd[127:126]
+    // c_size        : csd[73:62]
+    // c_size_mult   : csd[49:47]
+    // read_bl_len   : csd[83:80] - the *maximum* read block length
+
+    int csd_structure = ext_bits(csd, 127, 126);
+    int c_size = ext_bits(csd, 73, 62);
+    int c_size_mult = ext_bits(csd, 49, 47);
+    int read_bl_len = ext_bits(csd, 83, 80);
+
+//    printf("CSD_STRUCT = %d\n", csd_structure);
+
+    if (csd_structure != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "This disk tastes funny! I only know about type 0 CSD structures\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // memory capacity = BLOCKNR * BLOCK_LEN
+    // where
+    //  BLOCKNR = (C_SIZE+1) * MULT
+    //  MULT = 2^(C_SIZE_MULT+2) (C_SIZE_MULT < 8)
+    //  BLOCK_LEN = 2^READ_BL_LEN, (READ_BL_LEN < 12)
+
+    int block_len = 1 << read_bl_len;
+    int mult = 1 << (c_size_mult + 2);
+    int blocknr = (c_size + 1) * mult;
+    int capacity = blocknr * block_len;
+
+    int blocks = capacity / 512;
+
+    return blocks;
+}

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/SDFileSystem.h	Fri Apr 23 08:29:01 2010 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/* mbed Microcontroller Library - SDFileSystem
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2009, sford
+ */
+ 
+// VERY DRAFT CODE!!! 
+
+#ifndef SDFILESYSTEM_H
+#define SDFILESYSTEM_H
+
+#include "mbed.h"
+#include "FATFileSystem.h"
+
+/* Class: SDFileSystem
+ *  Access the filesystem on an SD Card using SPI
+ *
+ * Example:
+ * > SDFileSystem sd(p5, p6, p7, p12, "sd");
+ * > 
+ * > int main() {
+ * >     FILE *fp = fopen("/sd/myfile.txt", "w");
+ * >     fprintf(fp, "Hello World!\n");
+ * >     fclose(fp);
+ * > }
+ */
+class SDFileSystem : public FATFileSystem {
+public:
+
+    /* Constructor: SDFileSystem
+     *  Create the File System for accessing an SD Card using SPI
+     *
+     * Variables:
+     *  mosi - SPI mosi pin connected to SD Card
+     *  miso - SPI miso pin conencted to SD Card
+     *  sclk - SPI sclk pin connected to SD Card
+     *  cs   - DigitalOut pin used as SD Card chip select
+   *  name - The name used to access the filesystem
+     */
+    SDFileSystem(PinName mosi, PinName miso, PinName sclk, PinName cs, const char* name);
+    virtual int disk_initialize();
+    virtual int disk_write(const char *buffer, int block_number);
+    virtual int disk_read(char *buffer, int block_number);    
+    virtual int disk_status();
+    virtual int disk_sync();
+    virtual int disk_sectors();
+
+protected:
+
+    int _cmd(int cmd, int arg);
+    int _cmdx(int cmd, int arg);
+    int _cmd41();
+    int _cmd8();
+    int _cmd58();
+    int initialise_card();
+    int initialise_card_v1();
+    int initialise_card_v2();
+    
+    
+    int _read(char *buffer, int length);
+    int _write(const char *buffer, int length);
+    int _sd_sectors();
+    int _sectors;
+    
+    SPI _spi;
+    DigitalOut _cs; 
+    
+    struct CSD_REGISTER  {
+     unsigned reserved1:4;
+     unsigned reserved2:3;
+     unsigned low_voltage:1;
+     unsigned reserved3:7;
+     unsigned volt_27_28:1;
+     unsigned volt_28_29:1;
+     unsigned volt_29_30:1;
+     unsigned volt_30_31:1;
+     unsigned volt_31_32:1;
+     unsigned volt_32_33:1;
+     unsigned volt_33_34:1;
+     unsigned volt_34_35:1;
+     unsigned volt_35_36:1;
+     unsigned reserved:6;
+     unsigned card_capacity_status:1;
+     unsigned card_power_up_status:1;
+    };    
+};
+
+#endif

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/main.cpp	Fri Apr 23 08:29:01 2010 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include "mbed.h"
+#include "SDFileSystem.h"
+
+//SDFileSystem sd(p11, p12, p13, p27, "sd");
+SDFileSystem sd(p5, p6, p7, p8, "sd");
+
+int main() {
+    printf("Hello World!\n");   
+
+    FILE *fp = fopen("/sd/sdtest.txt", "w");
+    if(fp == NULL) {
+        error("Could not open file for write\n");
+    }
+    fprintf(fp, "Hello fun SD Card World!");
+    fclose(fp); 
+
+    printf("Goodbye World!\n");
+}   

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/mbed.bld	Fri Apr 23 08:29:01 2010 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,1 @@
+http://mbed.org/users/mbed_official/code/mbed/builds/49a220cc26e0