iBeacon.h

00001 /* mbed Microcontroller Library
00002  * Copyright (c) 2006-2015 ARM Limited
00003  *
00004  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
00005  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
00006  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
00007  *
00008  *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
00009  *
00010  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
00011  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
00012  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
00013  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
00014  * limitations under the License.
00015  */
00016 #ifndef MBED_BLE_IBEACON_H__
00017 #define MBED_BLE_IBEACON_H__
00018 
00019 #include "cmsis_compiler.h"
00020 #include "ble/BLE.h"
00021 
00022 /**
00023  * iBeacon Service.
00024  *
00025  * @par Purpose
00026  *
00027  * iBeacons are Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices advertising an identification
00028  * number generally used to determine the location of devices or physical objects
00029  * near a mobile phone user.
00030  *
00031  * iOS scans for iBeacon devices in a background task and notifies Apps
00032  * subscribed to a specific region when the area is entered or left. Apps may
00033  * use this information to display context-aware content to users.
00034  *
00035  * As an example, a museum can deploy an app that informs the user when one of
00036  * its exhibitions is entered and then displays specific information about exposed
00037  * pieces of art when the user is sufficiently close to them.
00038  *
00039  * @par Positioning
00040  *
00041  * Location information is hierarchically structured. A UUID specific to the
00042  * application and its deployment is used to identify a region. That region
00043  * usually identifies an organization. The region is divided into subregions
00044  * identified by a major ID. The subregion contains related points of interest
00045  * which a minor ID distinguishes.
00046  *
00047  * As an example, a city willing to improve tourist's experience can deploy a fleet
00048  * of iBeacons in relevant touristic locations it operates. The UUID may
00049  * identify a place managed by the city. The major ID would identify the place;
00050  * it can be a museum, a historic monument, a metro station and so on. The minor ID
00051  * would locate a specific spot within a specific city place. It can be a
00052  * piece of art, a ticket dispenser or a relevant point of interest.
00053  *
00054  * Each iBeacon device is physically attached to the spot it locates and
00055  * advertises the triplet UUID, major ID and minor ID.
00056  *
00057  * @par Proximity
00058  *
00059  * The beacon advertises the signal strength measured by an iOS device at a
00060  * distance of one meter. iOS uses this information to approximate the
00061  * proximity to a given beacon:
00062  *   - Immediate: The beacon is less than one meter away from the user.
00063  *   - Near: The beacon is one to three meters away from the user.
00064  *   - Far: The user is not near the beacon; the distance highly depends on
00065  *     the physical environment.
00066  *
00067  * Ideally, beacons should be calibrated at their deployment location because the
00068  * surrounding environment affects the strength of the advertised signal.
00069  *
00070  * @par Usage
00071  *
00072  * Mbed OS applications can use this class to configure a device to broadcast
00073  * advertising packets mimicking an iBeacon. The construction automatically
00074  * creates the payload identifying the beacon and registers it as part of the
00075  * advertising payload of the device.
00076  *
00077  * Beacon configuration and advertising commencement is left to the user.
00078  *
00079  * @attention If you are interested in manufacturing iBeacons, you must obtain a
00080  * license from Apple. More information at https://developer.apple.com/ibeacon/.
00081  * The licence also grant access to the iBeacons technical specification.
00082  *
00083  * @note More information at https://developer.apple.com/ibeacon/Getting-Started-with-iBeacon.pdf
00084  */
00085 class iBeacon
00086 {
00087 public:
00088     /**
00089      * Data buffer of a location UUID.
00090      */
00091     typedef const uint8_t LocationUUID_t[16];
00092 
00093     /**
00094      * iBeacon payload builder.
00095      *
00096      * This data structure contains the payload of an iBeacon. The payload is
00097      * built at construction time and application code can set up an iBeacon by
00098      * injecting the raw field into the GAP advertising payload as a
00099      * GapAdvertisingData::MANUFACTURER_SPECIFIC_DATA.
00100      */
00101     union Payload {
00102         /**
00103          * Raw data of the payload.
00104          */
00105         uint8_t raw[25];
00106         struct {
00107             /**
00108              * Beacon manufacturer identifier.
00109              */
00110             uint16_t companyID;
00111 
00112             /**
00113              * Packet ID; Equal to 2 for an iBeacon.
00114              */
00115             uint8_t ID;
00116 
00117             /**
00118              * Length of the remaining data presents in the payload.
00119              */
00120             uint8_t len;
00121 
00122             /**
00123              * Beacon UUID.
00124              */
00125             uint8_t proximityUUID[16];
00126 
00127             /**
00128              * Beacon Major group ID.
00129              */
00130             uint16_t majorNumber;
00131 
00132             /**
00133              * Beacon minor ID.
00134              */
00135             uint16_t minorNumber;
00136 
00137             /**
00138              * Tx power received at 1 meter; in dBm.
00139              */
00140             uint8_t txPower;
00141         };
00142 
00143         /**
00144          * Assemble an iBeacon payload.
00145          *
00146          * @param[in] uuid Beacon network ID. iBeacon operators use this value
00147          * to group their iBeacons into a single network, a single region and
00148          * identify their organization among others.
00149          *
00150          * @param[in] majNum Beacon major group ID. iBeacon exploitants may use
00151          * this field to divide the region into subregions, their network into
00152          * subnetworks.
00153          *
00154          * @param[in] minNum Identifier of the Beacon in its subregion.
00155          *
00156          * @param[in] transmitPower Measured transmit power of the beacon at 1
00157          * meter. Scanners use this parameter to approximate the distance
00158          * to the beacon.
00159          *
00160          * @param[in] companyIDIn ID of the beacon manufacturer.
00161          */
00162         Payload(
00163             LocationUUID_t uuid,
00164             uint16_t majNum,
00165             uint16_t minNum,
00166             uint8_t transmitPower,
00167             uint16_t companyIDIn
00168         ) : companyID(companyIDIn),
00169             ID(0x02),
00170             len(0x15),
00171             majorNumber(__REV16(majNum)),
00172             minorNumber(__REV16(minNum)),
00173             txPower(transmitPower)
00174         {
00175             memcpy(proximityUUID, uuid, sizeof(LocationUUID_t));
00176         }
00177     };
00178 
00179 public:
00180     /**
00181      * Construct an iBeacon::Payload and register it into Gap.
00182      *
00183      * @param[in] _ble The BLE interface to configure with the iBeacon payload.
00184      *
00185      * @param[in] uuid Beacon network ID. iBeacon operators use this value
00186      * to group their iBeacons into a single network, a single region and
00187      * identify their organization among others.
00188      *
00189      * @param[in] majNum Beacon major group ID. iBeacon exploitants may use
00190      * this field to divide the region into subregions, their network into
00191      * subnetworks.
00192      *
00193      * @param[in] minNum Identifier of the Beacon in its subregion.
00194      *
00195      * @param[in] txP Measured transmit power of the beacon at 1
00196      * meter. Scanners use this parameter to approximate the distance
00197      * to the beacon.
00198      *
00199      * @param[in] compID ID of the beacon manufacturer.
00200      */
00201     iBeacon(
00202         BLE &_ble,
00203         LocationUUID_t uuid,
00204         uint16_t majNum,
00205         uint16_t minNum,
00206         uint8_t txP = 0xC8,
00207         uint16_t compID = 0x004C
00208     ) : ble(_ble),
00209         data(uuid, majNum, minNum, txP, compID)
00210     {
00211         // Generate the 0x020106 part of the iBeacon Prefix.
00212         ble.accumulateAdvertisingPayload(
00213             GapAdvertisingData::BREDR_NOT_SUPPORTED |
00214             GapAdvertisingData::LE_GENERAL_DISCOVERABLE
00215         );
00216         // Generate the 0x1AFF part of the iBeacon Prefix.
00217         ble.accumulateAdvertisingPayload(
00218             GapAdvertisingData::MANUFACTURER_SPECIFIC_DATA,
00219             data.raw,
00220             sizeof(data.raw)
00221         );
00222 
00223         // Set advertising type.
00224         ble.setAdvertisingType(
00225             GapAdvertisingParams::ADV_NON_CONNECTABLE_UNDIRECTED
00226         );
00227     }
00228 
00229 protected:
00230     BLE &ble;
00231     Payload data;
00232 };
00233 
00234 /**
00235  * iBeacon alias.
00236  *
00237  * @deprecated Please use iBeacon directly. This alias may be dropped from a
00238  * future release.
00239  */
00240 typedef iBeacon iBeaconService;
00241 
00242 #endif //MBED_BLE_IBEACON_H__