File content as of revision 14:0060a9850c5f:

#include "mbed_assert.h"
#include "mbed_error.h"
#include "stm_i2s_api.h"

#include "stm_dma_caps.h"

#if DEVICE_I2S

#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "cmsis.h"
#include "pinmap.h"
#include "PeripheralPins.h"
#include "StmI2sPeripheralPins.h"

// #define DEBUG_STDIO 1 // betzw - TODO: temporarily enable debug printfs

#ifndef DEBUG_STDIO
#   define DEBUG_STDIO 0
#endif

#if DEBUG_STDIO
#   include <stdio.h>
#   define DEBUG_PRINTF(...) do { printf(__VA_ARGS__); } while(0)
#else
#   define DEBUG_PRINTF(...) {}
#endif

typedef enum {
    I2S_TRANSFER_TYPE_TX = 1,
    I2S_TRANSFER_TYPE_RX = 2,
    I2S_TRANSFER_TYPE_TXRX = 3,
} transfer_type_t;

typedef struct {
    DMA_HandleTypeDef tx_dma_handle;
    DMA_HandleTypeDef rx_dma_handle;
} dma_handles_t;

#define I2S_NUM (5) // betzw: this approach wastes quite a bit of memory - TO BE IMPROVED!?!?

static I2S_HandleTypeDef I2sHandle[I2S_NUM];
static DMA_HandleTypeDef DMaHandles[I2S_NUM][NUM_OF_DIRECTIONS];

static void init_i2s(i2s_t *obj) {
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *handle = &I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module];

    __HAL_I2S_DISABLE(handle);
    HAL_I2S_Init(handle);
    __HAL_I2S_ENABLE(handle);
}

static void init_dmas(i2s_t *obj) {
    DMA_HandleTypeDef *primary_handle = NULL;
    DMA_HandleTypeDef *secondary_handle = NULL;
    DMA_HandleTypeDef *hdmatx = NULL;

    switch(obj->dma.dma_direction) {
    case DMA_TX:
	if(obj->dma.dma[DMA_TX] != NULL) {
	    hdmatx = primary_handle = &DMaHandles[obj->i2s.module][DMA_TX];
	}
	if(obj->dma.dma[DMA_RX] != NULL) {
	    secondary_handle = &DMaHandles[obj->i2s.module][DMA_RX];
	}
	break;
    case DMA_RX:
    default:
	if(obj->dma.dma[DMA_RX] != NULL) {
	    primary_handle = &DMaHandles[obj->i2s.module][DMA_RX];
	}
	if(obj->dma.dma[DMA_TX] != NULL) {
	    hdmatx = secondary_handle = &DMaHandles[obj->i2s.module][DMA_TX];
	}
	break;
    }

    if(primary_handle != NULL) {
	__HAL_DMA_DISABLE(primary_handle);
	HAL_DMA_Init(primary_handle);

	if(hdmatx == primary_handle) {
	    __HAL_LINKDMA(&I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module], hdmatx, *primary_handle);
	} else {
	    __HAL_LINKDMA(&I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module], hdmarx, *primary_handle);
	}
    }

    if(secondary_handle != NULL) {
	__HAL_DMA_DISABLE(secondary_handle);
	HAL_DMA_Init(secondary_handle);

	if(hdmatx == secondary_handle) {
	    __HAL_LINKDMA(&I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module], hdmatx, *secondary_handle);
	} else {
	    __HAL_LINKDMA(&I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module], hdmarx, *secondary_handle);
	}
    }
}

static inline uint32_t i2s_get_mode(i2s_mode_t mode, uint8_t *direction) {
    switch(mode) {
    case SLAVE_TX:
	*direction = DMA_TX;
	return I2S_MODE_SLAVE_TX;
    case SLAVE_RX:
	*direction = DMA_RX;
	return I2S_MODE_SLAVE_RX;
    case MASTER_TX:
	*direction = DMA_TX;
	return I2S_MODE_MASTER_TX;
    case MASTER_RX:
    default:
	*direction = DMA_RX;
	return I2S_MODE_MASTER_RX;
    }
}

static inline uint32_t i2s_get_priority(i2s_dma_prio_t priority) {
    switch(priority) {
    case LOW:
	return DMA_PRIORITY_LOW;
    case URGENT:
	return DMA_PRIORITY_VERY_HIGH;
    case HIGH:
	return DMA_PRIORITY_HIGH;
    default:
	return DMA_PRIORITY_MEDIUM;
    }
}

static void dma_i2s_init(i2s_t *obj, bool *use_tx, bool *use_rx, bool circular, i2s_dma_prio_t prio) {
    // DMA declarations
    DMA_HandleTypeDef *primary_handle = &DMaHandles[obj->i2s.module][obj->dma.dma_direction];
    DMA_HandleTypeDef *secondary_handle = NULL;

    // DMA initialization & configuration
    stm_dma_init();
    obj->dma.dma[DMA_TX] = obj->dma.dma[DMA_RX] = NULL;

    switch(obj->dma.dma_direction) {
    case DMA_TX:
	if(*use_tx) {
	    obj->dma.dma[DMA_TX] = stm_dma_channel_allocate(MAKE_CAP(obj->dma.dma_device, DMA_TX));
	    MBED_ASSERT(obj->dma.dma[DMA_TX] != STM_DMA_ERROR_OUT_OF_CHANNELS);
	}
	break;
    case DMA_RX:
    default:
	if(*use_rx) {
	    obj->dma.dma[DMA_RX] = stm_dma_channel_allocate(MAKE_CAP(obj->dma.dma_device, DMA_RX));
	    MBED_ASSERT(obj->dma.dma[DMA_RX] != STM_DMA_ERROR_OUT_OF_CHANNELS);
	}
	break;
    }

    // Primary DMA configuration
    if(obj->dma.dma[obj->dma.dma_direction] != NULL) {
	primary_handle->Instance = obj->dma.dma[obj->dma.dma_direction]->dma_stream;
	primary_handle->Init.Channel = obj->dma.dma[obj->dma.dma_direction]->channel_nr;
	primary_handle->Init.Direction = (obj->dma.dma_direction == DMA_TX) ? 
	    DMA_MEMORY_TO_PERIPH : DMA_PERIPH_TO_MEMORY;
	primary_handle->Init.FIFOMode = DMA_FIFOMODE_DISABLE;
	primary_handle->Init.FIFOThreshold = DMA_FIFO_THRESHOLD_FULL;
	primary_handle->Init.MemBurst = DMA_MBURST_SINGLE;
	primary_handle->Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_HALFWORD;
	primary_handle->Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
	primary_handle->Init.Mode = (circular ? DMA_CIRCULAR : DMA_NORMAL);
	primary_handle->Init.PeriphBurst = DMA_PBURST_SINGLE;
	primary_handle->Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_HALFWORD;
	primary_handle->Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
	primary_handle->Init.Priority = i2s_get_priority(prio);
    }

    // Allocate secondary DMA channel (if full-duplex)
    if(obj->i2s.pin_fdpx != NC) {
	switch(obj->dma.dma_direction) {
	case DMA_TX:
	    if(*use_rx) {
		obj->dma.dma[DMA_RX] = stm_dma_channel_allocate(MAKE_CAP(obj->dma.dma_device, DMA_RX));
		secondary_handle = &DMaHandles[obj->i2s.module][DMA_RX];
		MBED_ASSERT(obj->dma.dma[DMA_RX] != STM_DMA_ERROR_OUT_OF_CHANNELS);
	    }
	    break;
	case DMA_RX:
	default:
	    if(*use_tx) {
		obj->dma.dma[DMA_TX] = stm_dma_channel_allocate(MAKE_CAP(obj->dma.dma_device, DMA_TX));
		secondary_handle = &DMaHandles[obj->i2s.module][DMA_TX];
		MBED_ASSERT(obj->dma.dma[DMA_TX] != STM_DMA_ERROR_OUT_OF_CHANNELS);
	    }
	    break;
	}
    }

    // Secondary DMA configuration
    if(secondary_handle != NULL) {
	uint8_t secondary_dma_direction = (obj->dma.dma_direction == DMA_TX) ? DMA_RX : DMA_TX;

	secondary_handle->Instance = obj->dma.dma[secondary_dma_direction]->dma_stream;
	secondary_handle->Init.Channel = obj->dma.dma[secondary_dma_direction]->channel_nr_fd;
	secondary_handle->Init.Direction = (secondary_dma_direction == DMA_TX) ? 
	    DMA_MEMORY_TO_PERIPH : DMA_PERIPH_TO_MEMORY;
	secondary_handle->Init.FIFOMode = DMA_FIFOMODE_DISABLE;
	secondary_handle->Init.FIFOThreshold = DMA_FIFO_THRESHOLD_FULL;
	secondary_handle->Init.MemBurst = DMA_MBURST_SINGLE;
	secondary_handle->Init.MemDataAlignment = DMA_MDATAALIGN_HALFWORD;
	secondary_handle->Init.MemInc = DMA_MINC_ENABLE;
	secondary_handle->Init.Mode = (circular ? DMA_CIRCULAR : DMA_NORMAL);
	secondary_handle->Init.PeriphBurst = DMA_PBURST_SINGLE;
	secondary_handle->Init.PeriphDataAlignment = DMA_PDATAALIGN_HALFWORD;
	secondary_handle->Init.PeriphInc = DMA_PINC_DISABLE;
	secondary_handle->Init.Priority = i2s_get_priority(prio);
    }

    if(obj->dma.dma[DMA_TX] == NULL) *use_tx = false;
    if(obj->dma.dma[DMA_RX] == NULL) *use_rx = false;

    // don't do anything, if the buffers aren't valid
    if (!use_tx && !use_rx) {
	DEBUG_PRINTF("I2S%u: No DMAs to init\n", obj->i2s.module+1);
	return;
    }

    DEBUG_PRINTF("I2S%u: DMA(s) Init\n", obj->i2s.module+1);
    init_dmas(obj);
}

static void dma_i2s_free(i2s_t *obj, uint8_t direction) {
    const struct dma_stream_s *stream = obj->dma.dma[direction];

    MBED_ASSERT(stream != NULL);

    // disable irq
    NVIC_DisableIRQ(stream->dma_stream_irq);

    // free channel
    stm_dma_channel_free((void*)stream);
    obj->dma.dma[direction] = NULL;
}

void i2s_init(i2s_t *obj, PinName data, PinName sclk, PinName wsel, PinName fdpx, PinName mclk, i2s_mode_t mode) {
    uint8_t dma_dev = 0, dma_direction = 0;

    // Determine the I2S/SPI to use
    SPIName i2s_data = (SPIName)pinmap_peripheral(data, PinMap_I2S_DATA);
    SPIName i2s_sclk = (SPIName)pinmap_peripheral(sclk, PinMap_I2S_SCLK);

    SPIName i2s_wsel = (SPIName)pinmap_peripheral(wsel, PinMap_I2S_WSEL);
    SPIName i2s_fdpx = (SPIName)pinmap_peripheral(fdpx, PinMap_I2S_FDPX);

    SPIName i2s_mclk = (SPIName)pinmap_peripheral(mclk, PinMap_I2S_MCLK);

    SPIName i2s_merge1 = (SPIName)pinmap_merge(i2s_data, i2s_sclk);
    SPIName i2s_merge2 = (SPIName)pinmap_merge(i2s_wsel, i2s_fdpx);

    SPIName i2s_merge3 = (SPIName)pinmap_merge(i2s_merge1, i2s_merge2);
    SPIName instance   = (SPIName)pinmap_merge(i2s_merge3, i2s_mclk);
    MBED_ASSERT(instance != (SPIName)NC);

    // Enable I2S/SPI clock and set the right module number
    switch(instance) {
#if defined(I2S1ext_BASE)
    case SPI_1:
	__SPI1_CLK_ENABLE();
	obj->i2s.module = 0;
	dma_dev = DMA_SPI1;
	break;
#endif
#if defined(I2S2ext_BASE)
    case SPI_2:
	__SPI2_CLK_ENABLE();
	obj->i2s.module = 1;
	dma_dev = DMA_SPI2;
	break;
#endif
#if defined(I2S3ext_BASE)
    case SPI_3:
	__SPI3_CLK_ENABLE();
	obj->i2s.module = 2;
	dma_dev = DMA_SPI3;
	break;
#endif
#if defined(I2S4ext_BASE)
    case SPI_4:
	__SPI4_CLK_ENABLE();
	obj->i2s.module = 3;
	dma_dev = DMA_SPI4;
	break;
#endif
#if defined(I2S5ext_BASE)
    case SPI_5:
	__SPI5_CLK_ENABLE();
	obj->i2s.module = 4;
	dma_dev = DMA_SPI5;
	break;
#endif
    default:
	MBED_ASSERT(0);
	break;
    }

    // Save DMA device
    obj->dma.dma_device = dma_dev;

    // Configure the I2S pins
    pinmap_pinout(data, PinMap_I2S_DATA);
    pinmap_pinout(wsel, PinMap_I2S_WSEL);
    pinmap_pinout(sclk, PinMap_I2S_SCLK);
    pinmap_pinout(fdpx, PinMap_I2S_FDPX);
    pinmap_pinout(mclk, PinMap_I2S_MCLK);

    obj->i2s.pin_wsel = wsel;
    obj->i2s.pin_data = data;
    obj->i2s.pin_sclk = sclk;
    obj->i2s.pin_fdpx = fdpx;
    obj->i2s.pin_mclk = mclk;

    /* Configure PLLI2S */
    static bool first_time = true;
    if(first_time) {
	RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInitStruct;

	/* Get RTCClockSelection */
	HAL_RCCEx_GetPeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInitStruct);

	/* Set default configuration. Default frequency is 44100Hz. */
	PeriphClkInitStruct.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_I2S;
        PeriphClkInitStruct.PLLI2S.PLLI2SN = 271; // betzw: use values which are suggested in Table 91 of the
        PeriphClkInitStruct.PLLI2S.PLLI2SR = 2;   //        reference manual for master clock enabled & 44100Hz.

#ifdef NDEBUG
	HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInitStruct);
#else
	HAL_StatusTypeDef ret = HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInitStruct);
#endif
	MBED_ASSERT(ret == HAL_OK);
	first_time = false;
    }

    // initialize the handle for this master!
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *handle = &I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module];

    handle->Instance               = (SPI_TypeDef *)(instance);
    handle->Init.Mode              = i2s_get_mode(mode, &dma_direction);
    handle->Init.Standard          = I2S_STANDARD_PCM_SHORT;
    handle->Init.DataFormat        = I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B;
    handle->Init.MCLKOutput        = (mclk == NC ? I2S_MCLKOUTPUT_DISABLE : I2S_MCLKOUTPUT_ENABLE);
    handle->Init.AudioFreq         = I2S_AUDIOFREQ_44K;
    handle->Init.CPOL              = I2S_CPOL_LOW;
    handle->Init.ClockSource       = I2S_CLOCK_PLL;
    handle->Init.FullDuplexMode    = (fdpx == NC) ? I2S_FULLDUPLEXMODE_DISABLE : I2S_FULLDUPLEXMODE_ENABLE;

    // Save primary DMA direction
    obj->dma.dma_direction = dma_direction;

    DEBUG_PRINTF("I2S%u: Init\n", obj->i2s.module+1);

    init_i2s(obj);
}

void i2s_free(i2s_t *obj) {
    // Reset I2S and disable clock
    switch(obj->i2s.module) {
#if defined(I2S1ext_BASE)
    case 0:
	__SPI1_FORCE_RESET();
	__SPI1_RELEASE_RESET();
	__SPI1_CLK_DISABLE();
	break;
#endif
#if defined(I2S2ext_BASE)
    case 1:
	__SPI2_FORCE_RESET();
	__SPI2_RELEASE_RESET();
	__SPI2_CLK_DISABLE();
	break;
#endif
#if defined(I2S3ext_BASE)
    case 2:
	__SPI3_FORCE_RESET();
	__SPI3_RELEASE_RESET();
	__SPI3_CLK_DISABLE();
	break;
#endif
#if defined(I2S4ext_BASE)
    case 3:
	__SPI4_FORCE_RESET();
	__SPI4_RELEASE_RESET();
	__SPI4_CLK_DISABLE();
	break;
#endif
#if defined(I2S5ext_BASE)
    case 4:
	__SPI5_FORCE_RESET();
	__SPI5_RELEASE_RESET();
	__SPI5_CLK_DISABLE();
	break;
#endif
    default:
	MBED_ASSERT(0);
	break;
    }

    // betzw - TODO: what about 'PLLI2S'?!?
    //               for the moment we leave it enabled!

    // Configure GPIOs
    pin_function(obj->i2s.pin_wsel, STM_PIN_DATA(STM_MODE_INPUT, GPIO_NOPULL, 0));
    pin_function(obj->i2s.pin_data, STM_PIN_DATA(STM_MODE_INPUT, GPIO_NOPULL, 0));
    pin_function(obj->i2s.pin_sclk, STM_PIN_DATA(STM_MODE_INPUT, GPIO_NOPULL, 0));
    pin_function(obj->i2s.pin_fdpx, STM_PIN_DATA(STM_MODE_INPUT, GPIO_NOPULL, 0));
    pin_function(obj->i2s.pin_mclk, STM_PIN_DATA(STM_MODE_INPUT, GPIO_NOPULL, 0));

    DEBUG_PRINTF("I2S%u: Free\n", obj->i2s.module+1);
}

void i2s_format(i2s_t *obj, int dbits, int fbits, int polarity) {
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *handle = &I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module];

    // Save new values
    if (fbits == 16) { // format MUST be 16B
	handle->Init.DataFormat = I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B;
    } else { // format may NOT be 16B
	switch (dbits) {
	case 16:
	    handle->Init.DataFormat = I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B_EXTENDED;
	    break;
	case 24:
	    handle->Init.DataFormat = I2S_DATAFORMAT_24B;
	    break;
	case 32:
	default:
	    handle->Init.DataFormat = I2S_DATAFORMAT_32B;
	    break;
	}
    }

    handle->Init.CPOL = (polarity == 0) ? I2S_CPOL_LOW : I2S_CPOL_HIGH;

    DEBUG_PRINTF("I2S%u: Format: %u (%u, %u), %u (%u)\n", obj->i2s.module+1,
		 (unsigned int)handle->Init.DataFormat, (unsigned int)dbits, (unsigned int)fbits,
		 (unsigned int)handle->Init.CPOL, (unsigned int)polarity);

    init_i2s(obj);
}

void i2s_set_mode(i2s_t *obj, i2s_mode_t mode) {
    uint8_t dma_direction;
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *handle = &I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module];

    handle->Init.Mode = i2s_get_mode(mode, &dma_direction);

    // Save primary DMA direction
    obj->dma.dma_direction = dma_direction;

    DEBUG_PRINTF("I2S%u: Mode: %u (%u)\n", obj->i2s.module+1,
		 (unsigned int)handle->Init.Mode, (unsigned int)mode);

    init_i2s(obj);
}

void i2s_set_protocol(i2s_t *obj, i2s_bitorder_t protocol) {
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *handle = &I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module];

    switch (protocol) {
    case PHILIPS:
	handle->Init.Standard = I2S_STANDARD_PHILIPS;
	break;
    case MSB:
	handle->Init.Standard = I2S_STANDARD_MSB;
	break;
    case LSB:
	handle->Init.Standard = I2S_STANDARD_LSB;
	break;
    case PCM_SHORT:
	handle->Init.Standard = I2S_STANDARD_PCM_SHORT;
	break;
    case PCM_LONG:
    default:
	handle->Init.Standard = I2S_STANDARD_PCM_LONG;
	break;
    }

    DEBUG_PRINTF("I2S%u: Protocol: %u (%u)\n", obj->i2s.module+1,
		 (unsigned int)handle->Init.Standard, (unsigned int)protocol);

    init_i2s(obj);
}

void i2s_audio_frequency(i2s_t *obj, uint32_t hz) {
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *handle = &I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module];

    if (IS_I2S_AUDIO_FREQ(hz) && (hz != I2S_AUDIOFREQ_DEFAULT)) {
	handle->Init.AudioFreq = hz;
    } else if (hz < I2S_AUDIOFREQ_8K) {
	handle->Init.AudioFreq = I2S_AUDIOFREQ_8K;
    } else {
	handle->Init.AudioFreq = I2S_AUDIOFREQ_192K;
    }

    DEBUG_PRINTF("I2S%u: Audio frequency: %u (%u)\n", obj->i2s.module+1,
		 (unsigned int)handle->Init.AudioFreq, (unsigned int)hz);

    init_i2s(obj);
}

uint8_t i2s_get_module(i2s_t *obj) {
    return obj->i2s.module;
}

static void i2s_start_asynch_transfer(i2s_t *obj, transfer_type_t transfer_type,
				      void *tx, void *rx, int length)
{
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *handle = &I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module];
    obj->i2s.transfer_type = transfer_type;

    // the HAL expects number of transfers instead of number of bytes
    int words;
    switch(handle->Init.DataFormat) {
    case I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B:
    case I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B_EXTENDED:
	words = length / 2;
	if(words > 0xFFFC) words = 0xFFFC; // truncate in order to respect max DMA length
	break;
    case I2S_DATAFORMAT_24B:
    case I2S_DATAFORMAT_32B:
    default:
	words = length / 4;
	if(words > 0x7FFC) words = 0x7FFC; // truncate in order to respect max DMA length
	break;
    }

    // enable the right hal transfer
    int rc = 0;
    switch(transfer_type) {
    case I2S_TRANSFER_TYPE_TXRX:
	// enable the interrupts
	NVIC_EnableIRQ(obj->dma.dma[DMA_TX]->dma_stream_irq);
	NVIC_EnableIRQ(obj->dma.dma[DMA_RX]->dma_stream_irq);
	// trigger DMA transfers
	rc = HAL_I2SEx_TransmitReceive_DMA(handle, (uint16_t*)tx, (uint16_t*)rx, (uint16_t)words);
	break;
    case I2S_TRANSFER_TYPE_TX:
	// enable the interrupt
	NVIC_EnableIRQ(obj->dma.dma[DMA_TX]->dma_stream_irq);
	// trigger DMA transfer
	rc = HAL_I2S_Transmit_DMA(handle, (uint16_t*)tx, (uint16_t)words);
	break;
    case I2S_TRANSFER_TYPE_RX:
	// enable the interrupt
	NVIC_EnableIRQ(obj->dma.dma[DMA_RX]->dma_stream_irq);
	// trigger DMA transfer
	rc = HAL_I2S_Receive_DMA(handle, (uint16_t*)rx, (uint16_t)words);
	break;
    }

    if (rc) {
	DEBUG_PRINTF("I2S%u: RC=%d\n", obj->i2s.module+1, rc);
    }

    return;
}

// asynchronous API
void i2s_transfer(i2s_t *obj,
		  void *tx, int tx_length,
		  void *rx, int rx_length,
		  bool circular, i2s_dma_prio_t prio,
		  uint32_t handler_tx, uint32_t handler_rx, uint32_t event)
{
    // check which use-case we have
    bool use_tx = (tx != NULL && tx_length > 0);
    bool use_rx = (rx != NULL && rx_length > 0);

    // Init DMAs
    dma_i2s_init(obj, &use_tx, &use_rx, circular, prio);

    // don't do anything, if the buffers aren't valid
    if (!use_tx && !use_rx)
	return;

    // copy the buffers to the I2S object
    obj->tx_buff.buffer = tx;
    obj->tx_buff.length = tx_length;
    obj->tx_buff.pos = 0;
    obj->tx_buff.width = 16;

    obj->rx_buff.buffer = rx;
    obj->rx_buff.length = rx_length;
    obj->rx_buff.pos = 0;
    obj->rx_buff.width = obj->tx_buff.width;

    obj->i2s.event = event;

    DEBUG_PRINTF("I2S%u: Transfer: %u, %u\n", obj->i2s.module+1, tx_length, rx_length);

    // register the thunking handler
    if(use_tx) {
	NVIC_SetVector(obj->dma.dma[DMA_TX]->dma_stream_irq, handler_tx);
    }
    if(use_rx) {
	NVIC_SetVector(obj->dma.dma[DMA_RX]->dma_stream_irq, handler_rx);
    }

    // enable the right hal transfer
    if (use_tx && use_rx) {
	int size = (tx_length < rx_length)? tx_length : rx_length;
	i2s_start_asynch_transfer(obj, I2S_TRANSFER_TYPE_TXRX, tx, rx, size);
    } else if (use_tx) {
	i2s_start_asynch_transfer(obj, I2S_TRANSFER_TYPE_TX, tx, NULL, tx_length);
    } else if (use_rx) {
	i2s_start_asynch_transfer(obj, I2S_TRANSFER_TYPE_RX, NULL, rx, rx_length);
    }
}

uint32_t i2s_irq_handler_asynch(i2s_t *obj, uint8_t direction) {
    direction = (direction == I2S_TX_EVENT) ? DMA_TX : DMA_RX;

    // use the right instance
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *i2s_handle = &I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module];
    DMA_HandleTypeDef *dma_handle = (direction == DMA_TX) ? i2s_handle->hdmatx : i2s_handle->hdmarx;

    MBED_ASSERT(dma_handle != NULL);

    int event = 0;

    // call the Cube handler, this will update the handle
    HAL_DMA_IRQHandler(dma_handle);

    switch(HAL_I2S_GetState(i2s_handle)) {
    case HAL_I2S_STATE_READY: {
	// adjust buffer positions (betzw - TODO: to be checked for DMA transfers!!!)
	int tx_size = (i2s_handle->TxXferSize - i2s_handle->TxXferCount);
	int rx_size = (i2s_handle->RxXferSize - i2s_handle->RxXferCount);

	// take data format into consideration
	switch(i2s_handle->Init.DataFormat) {
	case I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B:
	case I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B_EXTENDED:
	    tx_size *= 2;
	    rx_size *= 2;
	    break;
	case I2S_DATAFORMAT_24B:
	case I2S_DATAFORMAT_32B:
	default:
	    tx_size *= 4;
	    rx_size *= 4;
	    break;
	}

	// adjust buffer positions
	if (obj->i2s.transfer_type != I2S_TRANSFER_TYPE_RX) {
	    obj->tx_buff.pos += tx_size;
	}
	if (obj->i2s.transfer_type != I2S_TRANSFER_TYPE_TX) {
	    obj->rx_buff.pos += rx_size;
	}

	if (i2s_handle->TxXferCount > 0) {
	    DEBUG_PRINTF("I2S%u: TxXferCount: %u\n", obj->i2s.module+1, i2s_handle->TxXferCount);
	}
	if (i2s_handle->RxXferCount > 0) {
	    DEBUG_PRINTF("I2S%u: RxXferCount: %u\n", obj->i2s.module+1, i2s_handle->RxXferCount);
	}
    }
	/* no break */

    case HAL_I2S_STATE_BUSY_TX:
    case HAL_I2S_STATE_BUSY_RX:
    case HAL_I2S_STATE_BUSY_TX_RX: {
	int error = HAL_I2S_GetError(i2s_handle);

	if(error != HAL_I2S_ERROR_NONE) {
	    // something went wrong and the transfer has definitely completed
	    event = ((direction == DMA_TX) ? I2S_EVENT_TX_ERROR : I2S_EVENT_RX_ERROR) | I2S_EVENT_INTERNAL_TRANSFER_COMPLETE;

	    if (error & HAL_I2S_ERROR_OVR) {
		// buffer overrun
		event |= I2S_EVENT_RX_OVERFLOW;
	    }

	    if (error & HAL_I2S_ERROR_UDR) {
		// buffer underrun
		event |= I2S_EVENT_TX_UNDERRUN;
	    }

	    // cleanup DMA (after error)
	    dma_i2s_free(obj, direction);
	} else { // no error detected
	    HAL_DMA_StateTypeDef dma_state = HAL_DMA_GetState(dma_handle);

	    switch(dma_state) {
	    case HAL_DMA_STATE_READY_HALF_MEM0:
	    case HAL_DMA_STATE_READY_HALF_MEM1:
		event = ((direction == DMA_TX) ? I2S_EVENT_TX_HALF_COMPLETE : I2S_EVENT_RX_HALF_COMPLETE);
		break;
	    case HAL_DMA_STATE_READY_MEM0:
	    case HAL_DMA_STATE_READY_MEM1:
		event = ((direction == DMA_TX) ? I2S_EVENT_TX_COMPLETE : I2S_EVENT_RX_COMPLETE);

		if(dma_handle->Init.Mode != DMA_CIRCULAR) {
		    if (!i2s_active(obj)) { // Check for full-duplex transfer complete!
			event |= I2S_EVENT_INTERNAL_TRANSFER_COMPLETE;
		    }

		    // cleanup DMA (because we are done)
		    dma_i2s_free(obj, direction);
		}
		break;
	    default:
		printf("betzw(%s, %d): dma_state=0x%x\r\n", __func__, __LINE__, (int)dma_state);
		MBED_ASSERT(0);
		break;
	    }
	}
    }
	break;

    default:
	// nothing to do?!?
	break;
    }

    if (event) DEBUG_PRINTF("I2S%u: Event: 0x%x\n", obj->i2s.module+1, event);

    return (event & (obj->i2s.event | I2S_EVENT_INTERNAL_TRANSFER_COMPLETE));
}

uint8_t i2s_active(i2s_t *obj) {
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *handle = &I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module];
    HAL_I2S_StateTypeDef state = HAL_I2S_GetState(handle);

    switch(state) {
    case HAL_I2S_STATE_RESET:
    case HAL_I2S_STATE_READY:
    case HAL_I2S_STATE_ERROR:
	return 0;
    default:
	return -1;
    }
}

void i2s_abort_asynch(i2s_t *obj) {
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *i2s_handle = &I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module];

    // Stop transfer
    HAL_I2S_DMAStop(i2s_handle);

    if(obj->dma.dma[DMA_TX] != NULL) {
	DMA_HandleTypeDef *dma_handle_tx = &DMaHandles[obj->i2s.module][DMA_TX];

	// disable interrupt & free resource
	dma_i2s_free(obj, DMA_TX);
 
	//clean up
	__HAL_DMA_DISABLE(dma_handle_tx);
	HAL_DMA_DeInit(dma_handle_tx);
	HAL_DMA_Init(dma_handle_tx);
	__HAL_DMA_ENABLE(dma_handle_tx);
    }
    if(obj->dma.dma[DMA_RX] != NULL) {
	DMA_HandleTypeDef *dma_handle_rx = &DMaHandles[obj->i2s.module][DMA_RX];

	// disable interrupt & free resource
	dma_i2s_free(obj, DMA_RX);

	//clean up
	__HAL_DMA_DISABLE(dma_handle_rx);
	HAL_DMA_DeInit(dma_handle_rx);
	HAL_DMA_Init(dma_handle_rx);
	__HAL_DMA_ENABLE(dma_handle_rx);
    }

    // clean-up I2S
    __HAL_I2S_DISABLE(i2s_handle);
    HAL_I2S_DeInit(i2s_handle);
    HAL_I2S_Init(i2s_handle);
    __HAL_I2S_ENABLE(i2s_handle);
}

/*** Code for harmonizing frequencies ***/
static inline I2S_HandleTypeDef *i2s_get_handle(i2s_t *obj)
{
    return (I2S_HandleTypeDef *) &I2sHandle[obj->i2s.module];
}

/** Computes the two-div-plus-odd factor of a given I2S objects
 *  on a desired frequency.
 *
 *  @param dev_i2s reference to the I2S object.
 *  @param frequency the desired frequency.
 *  @return the computed two-div-plus-odd factor.
 */
static float i2s_compute_magic_factor(i2s_t *dev_i2s, float frequency)
{
    float i2sclk;
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *hi2s;

    /* Get the I2S handle. */
    hi2s = i2s_get_handle(dev_i2s);

    /* Get I2S source Clock frequency. */
    i2sclk = (float)I2S_GetInputClock(hi2s);
    /* Compute the I2S frequencies. */
    float format_factor = (float)(hi2s->Init.DataFormat == I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B ? 16 : 32);
    float mclk_factor = (float)(hi2s->Init.MCLKOutput == I2S_MCLKOUTPUT_ENABLE ? (format_factor == 16 ? 8 : 4) : 1);
    float mf = i2sclk / ((float)2.0 * format_factor * frequency * mclk_factor);

    return mf;
}

/** Computing the frequency of an I2S peripheral given a certain
 *  two-div-plus-odd factor.
 *
 *  @param obj reference to an i2s_t structure.
 *  @param magic_factor the given two-div-plus-odd factor.
 *  @return the computed frequency.
 */
static uint32_t i2s_compute_frequency(i2s_t *obj, int32_t magic_factor)
{
    float i2sclk;
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *hi2s;

    /* Getting the I2S handle. */
    hi2s = i2s_get_handle(obj);

    /* Getting the I2S source clock frequency. */
    i2sclk = (float)I2S_GetInputClock(hi2s);

    /* Computing the frequencies. */
    float format_factor = (float)(hi2s->Init.DataFormat == I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B ? 16 : 32);
    float mclk_factor = (float)(hi2s->Init.MCLKOutput == I2S_MCLKOUTPUT_ENABLE ? (format_factor == 16 ? 8 : 4) : 1);
    float f = i2sclk / ((float)2.0 * format_factor * (float)magic_factor * mclk_factor);

    //printf("f = %d / (2 * %d * %f * %d) = %f\r\n", i2sclk, format_factor, magic_factor, mclk_factor, f);

    /* Returning the computed frequency. */
    return (uint32_t)f;
}

static uint32_t i2s_compute_closest_frequency(i2s_t *dev_i2s, uint32_t target_freq) {
    uint32_t i2sclk = 0U, i2sdiv = 2U, i2sodd = 0U, packetlength = 1U, tmp = 0U;
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *hi2s;

    /* Get the I2S handle. */
    hi2s = i2s_get_handle(dev_i2s);

    /* Check the frame length (For the Prescaler computing). */
    if (hi2s->Init.DataFormat != I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B)
    {
        /* Packet length is 32 bits */
        packetlength = 2U;
    }

    /* Get I2S source Clock frequency. */
    i2sclk = I2S_GetInputClock(hi2s);

    /* Compute the Real divider depending on the MCLK output state, with a floating point. */
    if (hi2s->Init.MCLKOutput == I2S_MCLKOUTPUT_ENABLE)
    {
        /* MCLK output is enabled. */
        tmp = (uint32_t)(((((i2sclk / 256U) * 10U) / target_freq)) + 5U);
    }
    else
    {
        /* MCLK output is disabled. */
        tmp = (uint32_t)(((((i2sclk / (32U * packetlength)) * 10U) / target_freq)) + 5U);
    }

    /* Remove the flatting point. */
    tmp = tmp / 10U;

    /* Check the parity of the divider. */
    i2sodd = (uint32_t)(tmp & (uint32_t)1U);

    /* Compute the i2sdiv prescaler. */
    i2sdiv = (uint32_t)((tmp - i2sodd) / 2U);

    /* Test if the divider is 1 or 0 or greater than 0xFF. */
    if ((i2sdiv < 2U) || (i2sdiv > 0xFFU))
    {
        /* Set the default values. */
        i2sdiv = 2U;
        i2sodd = 0U;
    }

    /* Compute the I2S frequencies. */
    uint32_t format_factor = (hi2s->Init.DataFormat == I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B ? 16 : 32);
    uint32_t mclk_factor = (hi2s->Init.MCLKOutput == I2S_MCLKOUTPUT_ENABLE ? (format_factor == 16 ? 8 : 4) : 1);
    uint32_t f = (uint32_t)((float)i2sclk / (float)(2 * format_factor * ((2 * i2sdiv) + i2sodd) * mclk_factor));

    return f;
}

/** Compute the real frequency of a given I2S objects.
 *
 *  @param dev_i2s reference to the I2S object.
 *  @return the computed real frequency.
 */
static inline uint32_t i2s_compute_real_frequency(i2s_t *dev_i2s)
{
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *hi2s;

    /* Get the I2S handle. */
    hi2s = i2s_get_handle(dev_i2s);

    return i2s_compute_closest_frequency(dev_i2s, hi2s->Init.AudioFreq);
}

/** Computing the harmonized frequencies of two I2S peripherals.
 *
 *  @param[in]     i2s_t_l reference to the i2s_t structure with the lower frequency.
 *  @param[in]     i2s_t_h reference to the i2s_t structure with the higher frequency.
 *  @param[in|out] ptr_low_freq  pointer to lower frequency.
 *  @param[in|out] ptr_high_freq  pointer to higher frequency.
 *  @param[in]     real_low_freq real higher frequency.
 *  @param[in]     real_high_freq real lower frequency.
 *  @return "0" if the frequencies have been harmonized, "-1" otherwise.
 */
static int8_t i2s_compute_harmonized_frequencies(i2s_t *i2s_t_l, i2s_t *i2s_t_h, uint32_t *ptr_low_freq, uint32_t *ptr_high_freq, uint32_t real_low_freq, uint32_t real_high_freq)
{
    /* Returning if the two real frequencies are already multiple one of the other. */
    float division = (float)real_high_freq / (float)real_low_freq;
    float rest = (division - floorf(division));
    MBED_ASSERT(rest >= 0);
    if (rest == 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    /* Computing the harmonized frequencies so that they are multiple one of the
       other by a certain factor. */
    uint32_t multiplier = ((rest >= 0.5) ? ((uint32_t)division + 1) : (uint32_t)division);
    float magic_factor = i2s_compute_magic_factor(i2s_t_l, (float)real_high_freq / (float)multiplier);
    uint32_t magic_factor_floor = (uint32_t)floorf(magic_factor);

    if(real_high_freq > (*ptr_high_freq)) {
    	if(magic_factor_floor <= 1) {
	    return -1;
        }
    }

    uint32_t new_low_freq = i2s_compute_frequency(i2s_t_l, magic_factor_floor + ((real_high_freq > (*ptr_high_freq)) ? 1 : -1));
    uint32_t new_high_freq = multiplier * new_low_freq; // betzw: potentially this high frequency might not be achievable!
    uint32_t real_new_high_freq = i2s_compute_closest_frequency(i2s_t_h, new_high_freq);

    if(new_high_freq != real_new_high_freq) {
    	return -1;
    }

    *ptr_low_freq = new_low_freq;
    *ptr_high_freq = new_high_freq;

    return 0;
}

#if 0 // betzw
/** Compute the desired frequency of a given I2S objects, given the magic
 *  factor.
 *
 *  @param dev_i2s reference to the I2S object.
 *  @param mf the two-div-plus-odd factor.
 *  @return the computed desired frequency.
 */
static float i2s_compute_desired_frequency(i2s_t *dev_i2s, float mf)
{
    uint32_t i2sclk = 0U;
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *hi2s;

    /* Get the I2S handle. */
    hi2s = i2s_get_handle(dev_i2s);

    /* Get I2S source Clock frequency. */
    i2sclk = I2S_GetInputClock(hi2s);

    /* Compute the I2S frequencies. */
    uint32_t format_factor = (hi2s->Init.DataFormat == I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B ? 16 : 32);
    uint32_t mclk_factor = (hi2s->Init.MCLKOutput == I2S_MCLKOUTPUT_ENABLE ? (format_factor == 16 ? 8 : 4) : 1);
    float f = i2sclk / (2 * format_factor * mf * mclk_factor);

    return f;
}

static uint32_t i2s_compute_closest_frequency(i2s_t *dev_i2s, uint32_t target_freq, uint8_t *mclk_enabled) {
    uint32_t i2sclk = 0U, i2sdiv = 2U, i2sodd = 0U, packetlength = 1U, tmp = 0U;
    uint32_t f1, f2;
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *hi2s;

    /* init mclk_enabled */
    *mclk_enabled = 0;

    /* Get the I2S handle. */
    hi2s = i2s_get_handle(dev_i2s);

    /* Check the frame length (For the Prescaler computing). */
    if (hi2s->Init.DataFormat != I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B)
    {
        /* Packet length is 32 bits */
        packetlength = 2U;
    }

    /* Get I2S source Clock frequency. */
    i2sclk = I2S_GetInputClock(hi2s);

    if(hi2s->Init.MCLKOutput == I2S_MCLKOUTPUT_DISABLE) { // betzw: one more degree of freedom, i.e. mclk can be enabled
        /* MCLK output is disabled. */
        tmp = (uint32_t)(((((i2sclk / (32U * packetlength)) * 10U) / target_freq)) + 5U);

        /* Remove the flatting point. */
        tmp = tmp / 10U;

        /* Check the parity of the divider. */
        i2sodd = (uint32_t)(tmp & (uint32_t)1U);

        /* Compute the i2sdiv prescaler. */
        i2sdiv = (uint32_t)((tmp - i2sodd) / 2U);

        /* Test if the divider is 1 or 0 or greater than 0xFF. */
        if ((i2sdiv < 2U) || (i2sdiv > 0xFFU))
        {
            /* Set the default values. */
            i2sdiv = 2U;
            i2sodd = 0U;
        }

        /* Compute the I2S frequency */
        uint32_t format_factor = (hi2s->Init.DataFormat == I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B ? 16 : 32);
        uint32_t mclk_factor = 1;
        f1 = (uint32_t)((float)i2sclk / (float)(2 * format_factor * ((2 * i2sdiv) + i2sodd) * mclk_factor));

        if(f1 == target_freq) return f1;

        /* set mclk_enabled */
        *mclk_enabled = 1;
    }

    /* Set mclk enabled */
    hi2s->Init.MCLKOutput = I2S_MCLKOUTPUT_ENABLE;

    /* MCLK output is enabled. */
    tmp = (uint32_t)(((((i2sclk / 256U) * 10U) / target_freq)) + 5U);

    /* Remove the flatting point. */
    tmp = tmp / 10U;

    /* Check the parity of the divider. */
    i2sodd = (uint32_t)(tmp & (uint32_t)1U);

    /* Compute the i2sdiv prescaler. */
    i2sdiv = (uint32_t)((tmp - i2sodd) / 2U);

    /* Test if the divider is 1 or 0 or greater than 0xFF. */
    if ((i2sdiv < 2U) || (i2sdiv > 0xFFU))
    {
        /* Set the default values. */
        i2sdiv = 2U;
        i2sodd = 0U;
    }

    /* Compute the I2S frequency */
    uint32_t format_factor = (hi2s->Init.DataFormat == I2S_DATAFORMAT_16B ? 16 : 32);
    uint32_t mclk_factor = (format_factor == 16 ? 8 : 4);

    f2 = (uint32_t)((float)i2sclk / (float)(2 * format_factor * ((2 * i2sdiv) + i2sodd) * mclk_factor));
    if(f2 == target_freq) return f2;

    /* return closest result */
    uint32_t diff1, diff2;

    if(*mclk_enabled != 0) {
    	if(target_freq > f1) diff1 = target_freq - f1;
    	else diff1 = f1 - target_freq;
    } else { // no 'f1' available
    	return f2;
    }

    if(target_freq > f2) diff2 = target_freq - f2;
    else diff2 = f2 - target_freq;

    if(diff1 < diff2) {
    	/* reset mclk */
        hi2s->Init.MCLKOutput = I2S_MCLKOUTPUT_DISABLE;

        /* reset mclk_enabled */
        *mclk_enabled = 0;

        return f1;
    }

    return f2;
}

static inline void i2s_reset_mclk(i2s_t *dev_i2s) {
    I2S_HandleTypeDef *hi2s;

    /* Get the I2S handle. */
    hi2s = i2s_get_handle(dev_i2s);

    /* rest mclk enabled */
    hi2s->Init.MCLKOutput = I2S_MCLKOUTPUT_DISABLE;
}
#endif // 0

int8_t i2s_harmonize(i2s_t *dev_i2s_1, uint32_t *freq_i2s_1, i2s_t *dev_i2s_2, uint32_t *freq_i2s_2)
{
    /* Returning if the two set frequencies are not multiple one of the other. */
    if((*freq_i2s_1 < *freq_i2s_2) ? ((*freq_i2s_2 % *freq_i2s_1) != 0) : ((*freq_i2s_1 % *freq_i2s_2) != 0)) {
	return -1;
    }

    /* Compute the real frequencies. */
    uint32_t real_f1 = i2s_compute_real_frequency(dev_i2s_1);
    uint32_t real_f2 = i2s_compute_real_frequency(dev_i2s_2);

    /* Returning if the two real frequencies are already equal. */
    if(real_f1 == real_f2) {
        return 0;
    }

    /* Computing the harmonized frequencies. */
    if(real_f1 < real_f2) {
    	return i2s_compute_harmonized_frequencies(dev_i2s_1, dev_i2s_2, freq_i2s_1, freq_i2s_2, real_f1, real_f2);
    } else {
    	return i2s_compute_harmonized_frequencies(dev_i2s_2, dev_i2s_1, freq_i2s_2, freq_i2s_1, real_f2, real_f1);
    }

#if 0 // betzw
    //printf("REAL: %f %f\r\n", f1, f2);

    /* Compute the desired frequencies so that they are multiple one of the
       other. */

    /* figure out multiply value and i2s to adapt and it's target freq */
    uint32_t multiplier;
    i2s_t *target_dev;
    uint32_t target_freq;

    if(f1 > f2) {
    	multiplier = (uint32_t)((float)f1 / (float)f2);
    	target_freq = f2 * multiplier;
    	target_dev = dev_i2s_1;
    } else {
    	multiplier = (uint32_t)((float)f2 / (float)f1);
    	target_freq = f1 * multiplier;
    	target_dev = dev_i2s_2;
    }

    if(multiplier == 1) { // nothing that can be reasonably done
    	return -1;
    }

    /* compute closest freq */
    uint8_t mclk_enabled = 0;
    uint32_t closest_freq = i2s_compute_closest_frequency(target_dev, target_freq, &mclk_enabled);

    if(closest_freq == target_freq) {
    	if(target_dev == dev_i2s_1) {
	    /* Return the desired frequencies. */
	    *freq_i2s_1 = i2s_align_freq(closest_freq);
	    *freq_i2s_2 = i2s_align_freq(f2);
    	} else {
	    /* Return the desired frequencies. */
	    *freq_i2s_1 = i2s_align_freq(f1);
	    *freq_i2s_2 = i2s_align_freq(closest_freq);
    	}
    	return 0;
    }

    /* reset mclk */
    if(mclk_enabled != 0) {
    	i2s_reset_mclk(target_dev);
    }

    /* try other way round */
    if(target_dev == dev_i2s_1) {
    	target_dev = dev_i2s_2;
    	target_freq = (uint32_t)((float)f1 / (float)multiplier);
    } else {
    	target_dev = dev_i2s_1;
    	target_freq = (uint32_t) ((float)f2 / (float)multiplier);
    }

    /* compute closest freq */
    mclk_enabled = 0;
    closest_freq = i2s_compute_closest_frequency(target_dev, target_freq, &mclk_enabled);

    if(closest_freq == target_freq) {
    	if(target_dev == dev_i2s_1) {
	    /* Return the desired frequencies. */
	    *freq_i2s_1 = i2s_align_freq(closest_freq);
	    *freq_i2s_2 = i2s_align_freq(f2);
    	} else {
	    /* Return the desired frequencies. */
	    *freq_i2s_1 = i2s_align_freq(f1);
	    *freq_i2s_2 = i2s_align_freq(closest_freq);
    	}
    	return 0;
    }

    /* reset mclk */
    if(mclk_enabled != 0) {
    	i2s_reset_mclk(target_dev);
    }

    /* return failure */
    return -1;
#endif // 0
}

#endif