Chun Feng Huang / QEI

New QEI library with position (angle) outputs

Fork of QEI_modified by Chun Feng Huang

QEI.cpp@2:205d0280632a, 2016-02-22 (annotated)

Committer:
weisnail
Date:
Mon Feb 22 09:44:15 2016 +0000
Revision:
2:205d0280632a
Parent:
1:894673d52596
Child:
3:a5aa3e6ea2b7
encoder arraysize sampletime

Who changed what in which revision?

UserRevisionLine numberNew contents of line
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 1 /**
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 2 * @author Aaron Berk
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 3 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 4 * @section LICENSE
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 5 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 6 * Copyright (c) 2010 ARM Limited
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 7 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 8 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 9 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 10 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 11 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 12 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 13 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 14 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 15 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 16 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 17 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 18 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 19 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 20 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 21 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 22 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 23 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 24 * THE SOFTWARE.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 25 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 26 * @section DESCRIPTION
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 27 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 28 * Quadrature Encoder Interface.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 29 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 30 * A quadrature encoder consists of two code tracks on a disc which are 90
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 31 * degrees out of phase. It can be used to determine how far a wheel has
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 32 * rotated, relative to a known starting position.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 33 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 34 * Only one code track changes at a time leading to a more robust system than
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 35 * a single track, because any jitter around any edge won't cause a state
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 36 * change as the other track will remain constant.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 37 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 38 * Encoders can be a homebrew affair, consisting of infrared emitters/receivers
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 39 * and paper code tracks consisting of alternating black and white sections;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 40 * alternatively, complete disk and PCB emitter/receiver encoder systems can
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 41 * be bought, but the interface, regardless of implementation is the same.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 42 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 43 * +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 44 * Channel A | ^ | | | | |
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 45 * ---+ ^ +-----+ +-----+ +-----
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 46 * ^ ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 47 * ^ +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 48 * Channel B ^ | | | | | |
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 49 * ------+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 50 * ^ ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 51 * ^ ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 52 * 90deg
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 53 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 54 * The interface uses X2 encoding by default which calculates the pulse count
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 55 * based on reading the current state after each rising and falling edge of
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 56 * channel A.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 57 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 58 * +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 59 * Channel A | | | | | |
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 60 * ---+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 61 * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 62 * ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 63 * Channel B ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | |
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 64 * ------+ ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ +--
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 65 * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 66 * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 67 * Pulse count 0 1 2 3 4 5 ...
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 68 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 69 * This interface can also use X4 encoding which calculates the pulse count
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 70 * based on reading the current state after each rising and falling edge of
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 71 * either channel.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 72 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 73 * +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 74 * Channel A | | | | | |
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 75 * ---+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 76 * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 77 * ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 78 * Channel B ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | |
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 79 * ------+ ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ +--
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 80 * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 81 * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 82 * Pulse count 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ...
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 83 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 84 * It defaults
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 85 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 86 * An optional index channel can be used which determines when a full
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 87 * revolution has occured.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 88 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 89 * If a 4 pules per revolution encoder was used, with X4 encoding,
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 90 * the following would be observed.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 91 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 92 * +-----+ +-----+ +-----+
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 93 * Channel A | | | | | |
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 94 * ---+ +-----+ +-----+ +-----
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 95 * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 96 * ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 97 * Channel B ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | ^ | |
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 98 * ------+ ^ +-----+ ^ +-----+ +--
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 99 * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 100 * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 101 * ^ ^ ^ +--+ ^ ^ +--+ ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 102 * ^ ^ ^ | | ^ ^ | | ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 103 * Index ------------+ +--------+ +-----------
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 104 * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 105 * Pulse count 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ...
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 106 * Rev. count 0 1 2
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 107 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 108 * Rotational position in degrees can be calculated by:
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 109 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 110 * (pulse count / X * N) * 360
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 111 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 112 * Where X is the encoding type [e.g. X4 encoding => X=4], and N is the number
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 113 * of pulses per revolution.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 114 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 115 * Linear position can be calculated by:
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 116 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 117 * (pulse count / X * N) * (1 / PPI)
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 118 *
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 119 * Where X is encoding type [e.g. X4 encoding => X=44], N is the number of
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 120 * pulses per revolution, and PPI is pulses per inch, or the equivalent for
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 121 * any other unit of displacement. PPI can be calculated by taking the
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 122 * circumference of the wheel or encoder disk and dividing it by the number
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 123 * of pulses per revolution.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 124 */
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 125
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 126 /**
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 127 * Includes
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 128 */
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 129 #include "QEI.h"
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 130
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 131 QEI::QEI(PinName channelA,
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 132 PinName channelB,
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 133 PinName index,
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 134 int pulsesPerRev,
weisnail 2:205d0280632a 135 int arraysize,
weisnail 2:205d0280632a 136 double sampletime,
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 137 Encoding encoding) : channelA_(channelA), channelB_(channelB),
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 138 index_(index) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 139
weisnail 2:205d0280632a 140 sampletime_ = sampletime;
weisnail 2:205d0280632a 141 arraysize_ = arraysize;
weisnail 2:205d0280632a 142 countArray = new int[arraysize_];
weisnail 1:894673d52596 143 angularvelocity = 0;
weisnail 1:894673d52596 144 arrayPtr = 0;
weisnail 2:205d0280632a 145 for(int i = 0; i < arraysize_; i++){
weisnail 1:894673d52596 146 countArray[i] = 0;
weisnail 1:894673d52596 147 }
weisnail 1:894673d52596 148
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 149 pulses_ = 0;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 150 revolutions_ = 0;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 151 pulsesPerRev_ = pulsesPerRev;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 152 encoding_ = encoding;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 153
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 154 //Workout what the current state is.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 155 int chanA = channelA_.read();
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 156 int chanB = channelB_.read();
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 157
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 158 //2-bit state.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 159 currState_ = (chanA << 1) | (chanB);
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 160 prevState_ = currState_;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 161
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 162 //X2 encoding uses interrupts on only channel A.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 163 //X4 encoding uses interrupts on channel A,
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 164 //and on channel B.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 165 channelA_.rise(this, &QEI::encode);
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 166 channelA_.fall(this, &QEI::encode);
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 167
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 168 //If we're using X4 encoding, then attach interrupts to channel B too.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 169 if (encoding == X4_ENCODING) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 170 channelB_.rise(this, &QEI::encode);
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 171 channelB_.fall(this, &QEI::encode);
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 172 }
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 173 //Index is optional.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 174 if (index != NC) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 175 index_.rise(this, &QEI::index);
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 176 }
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 177
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 178 }
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 179
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 180 void QEI::reset(void) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 181
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 182 pulses_ = 0;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 183 revolutions_ = 0;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 184
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 185 }
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 186
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 187 int QEI::getCurrentState(void) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 188
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 189 return currState_;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 190
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 191 }
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 192
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 193 int QEI::getPulses(void) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 194
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 195 return pulses_;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 196
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 197 }
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 198
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 199 int QEI::getRevolutions(void) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 200
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 201 return revolutions_;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 202
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 203 }
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 204
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 205 // +-------------+
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 206 // | X2 Encoding |
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 207 // +-------------+
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 208 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 209 // When observing states two patterns will appear:
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 210 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 211 // Counter clockwise rotation:
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 212 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 213 // 10 -> 01 -> 10 -> 01 -> ...
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 214 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 215 // Clockwise rotation:
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 216 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 217 // 11 -> 00 -> 11 -> 00 -> ...
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 218 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 219 // We consider counter clockwise rotation to be "forward" and
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 220 // counter clockwise to be "backward". Therefore pulse count will increase
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 221 // during counter clockwise rotation and decrease during clockwise rotation.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 222 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 223 // +-------------+
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 224 // | X4 Encoding |
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 225 // +-------------+
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 226 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 227 // There are four possible states for a quadrature encoder which correspond to
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 228 // 2-bit gray code.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 229 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 230 // A state change is only valid if of only one bit has changed.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 231 // A state change is invalid if both bits have changed.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 232 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 233 // Clockwise Rotation ->
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 234 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 235 // 00 01 11 10 00
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 236 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 237 // <- Counter Clockwise Rotation
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 238 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 239 // If we observe any valid state changes going from left to right, we have
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 240 // moved one pulse clockwise [we will consider this "backward" or "negative"].
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 241 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 242 // If we observe any valid state changes going from right to left we have
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 243 // moved one pulse counter clockwise [we will consider this "forward" or
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 244 // "positive"].
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 245 //
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 246 // We might enter an invalid state for a number of reasons which are hard to
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 247 // predict - if this is the case, it is generally safe to ignore it, update
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 248 // the state and carry on, with the error correcting itself shortly after.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 249 void QEI::encode(void) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 250
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 251 int change = 0;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 252 int chanA = channelA_.read();
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 253 int chanB = channelB_.read();
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 254
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 255 //2-bit state.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 256 currState_ = (chanA << 1) | (chanB);
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 257
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 258 if (encoding_ == X2_ENCODING) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 259
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 260 //11->00->11->00 is counter clockwise rotation or "forward".
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 261 if ((prevState_ == 0x3 && currState_ == 0x0) ||
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 262 (prevState_ == 0x0 && currState_ == 0x3)) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 263
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 264 pulses_++;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 265
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 266 }
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 267 //10->01->10->01 is clockwise rotation or "backward".
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 268 else if ((prevState_ == 0x2 && currState_ == 0x1) ||
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 269 (prevState_ == 0x1 && currState_ == 0x2)) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 270
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 271 pulses_--;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 272
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 273 }
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 274
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 275 } else if (encoding_ == X4_ENCODING) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 276
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 277 //Entered a new valid state.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 278 if (((currState_ ^ prevState_) != INVALID) && (currState_ != prevState_)) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 279 //2 bit state. Right hand bit of prev XOR left hand bit of current
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 280 //gives 0 if clockwise rotation and 1 if counter clockwise rotation.
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 281 change = (prevState_ & PREV_MASK) ^ ((currState_ & CURR_MASK) >> 1);
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 282
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 283 if (change == 0) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 284 change = -1;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 285 }
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 286
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 287 pulses_ -= change;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 288 }
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 289
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 290 }
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 291
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 292 prevState_ = currState_;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 293
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 294 }
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 295
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 296 void QEI::index(void) {
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 297
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 298 revolutions_++;
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 299
aberk 0:5c2ad81551aa 300 }
weisnail 1:894673d52596 301
weisnail 1:894673d52596 302 void QEI::Calculate(){ // Moving average: calculating the speed of the motor for feedback control
weisnail 1:894673d52596 303 countArray[arrayPtr] = pulses_;
weisnail 1:894673d52596 304 uint8_t nextPtr = arrayPtr + 1;
weisnail 2:205d0280632a 305 if(nextPtr > (arraysize_ -1) ){nextPtr = 0;}
weisnail 2:205d0280632a 306 angularvelocity = (countArray[arrayPtr] - countArray[nextPtr]);
weisnail 1:894673d52596 307 arrayPtr ++;
weisnail 2:205d0280632a 308 if(arrayPtr > (arraysize_ -1) ){arrayPtr = 0;}
weisnail 1:894673d52596 309 }
weisnail 1:894673d52596 310
weisnail 1:894673d52596 311 double QEI::getAngularSpeed(){
weisnail 2:205d0280632a 312 return angularvelocity/(pulsesPerRev_*1.0)*6.2831852/sampletime_/arraysize_;
weisnail 1:894673d52596 313 }