File content as of revision 26:e4e444cc7b14:

/* Copyright (c) 2019 ARM Limited
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#ifndef _UBLOX_CELLULAR_BASE_
#define _UBLOX_CELLULAR_BASE_

#include "mbed.h"
#include "mbed_toolchain.h" // for MBED_DEPRECATED
#include "ubloxATCmdParser.h"
#include "FileHandle.h"

/**********************************************************************
 * CLASSES
 **********************************************************************/

/** UbloxCellularBase class.
 *
 *  This class provides all the base support for generic u-blox modems
 *  on C030 and C027 boards: module identification, power-up, network
 *  registration, etc.
 */
class UbloxCellularBase {

public:
    /** Circuit Switched network registration status (CREG Usage).
     * UBX-13001820 - AT Commands Example Application Note (Section 7.10.3).
     */
    typedef enum {
        CSD_NOT_REGISTERED_NOT_SEARCHING = 0,
        CSD_REGISTERED = 1,
        CSD_NOT_REGISTERED_SEARCHING = 2,
        CSD_REGISTRATION_DENIED = 3,
        CSD_UNKNOWN_COVERAGE = 4,
        CSD_REGISTERED_ROAMING = 5,
        CSD_SMS_ONLY = 6,
        CSD_SMS_ONLY_ROAMING = 7,
        CSD_CSFB_NOT_PREFERRED = 9
    } NetworkRegistrationStatusCsd;

    /** Packet Switched network registration status (CGREG Usage).
     * UBX-13001820 - AT Commands Example Application Note (Section 18.27.3).
     */
    typedef enum {
        PSD_NOT_REGISTERED_NOT_SEARCHING = 0,
        PSD_REGISTERED = 1,
        PSD_NOT_REGISTERED_SEARCHING = 2,
        PSD_REGISTRATION_DENIED = 3,
        PSD_UNKNOWN_COVERAGE = 4,
        PSD_REGISTERED_ROAMING = 5,
        PSD_EMERGENCY_SERVICES_ONLY = 8
    } NetworkRegistrationStatusPsd;

    /** EPS network registration status (CEREG Usage).
     * UBX-13001820 - AT Commands Example Application Note (Section 18.36.3).
     */
    typedef enum {
        EPS_NOT_REGISTERED_NOT_SEARCHING = 0,
        EPS_REGISTERED = 1,
        EPS_NOT_REGISTERED_SEARCHING = 2,
        EPS_REGISTRATION_DENIED = 3,
        EPS_UNKNOWN_COVERAGE = 4,
        EPS_REGISTERED_ROAMING = 5,
        EPS_EMERGENCY_SERVICES_ONLY = 8
    } NetworkRegistrationStatusEps;

    /** modem PSM states.
     *
     */
    typedef enum {
        AWAKE = 0,
        ASLEEP = 1
    } ModemPSMState;

    /**
     * edrx access technology
     */
    typedef enum {
        EDRXGSM_EC_GSM_IoT_mode = 1,
        EDRXGSM_A_Gb_mode,
        EDRXUTRAN_Iu_mode,
        EDRXEUTRAN_WB_S1_mode,
        EDRXEUTRAN_NB_S1_mode
    }tEDRXAccessTechnology;

    /** Initialise the modem, ready for use.
     *
     *  @param pin     PIN for the SIM card.
     *  @return        true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool init(const char *pin = 0);

    /** Perform registration with the network.
     *
     * @return true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool nwk_registration();

    /** True if the modem is registered for circuit
     * switched data, otherwise false.
     */
    bool is_registered_csd();

    /** True if the modem is registered for packet
     * switched data, otherwise false.
     */
    bool is_registered_psd();

    /** True if the modem is registered for enhanced
     * packet switched data (i.e. LTE and beyond),
     * otherwise false.
     */
    bool is_registered_eps();

    /** Perform deregistration from the network.
     *
     * @return true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool nwk_deregistration();

    /** Put the modem into its lowest power state.
     */
    void deinit();

    /** Set the PIN code for the SIM card.
     *
     *  @param pin PIN for the SIM card.
     */
    void set_pin(const char *pin);

    /** Enable or disable SIM pin checking.
     *
     * @param enableNotDisable true if SIM PIN checking is to be enabled,
     *                         otherwise false.
     * @return                 true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool sim_pin_check_enable(bool enableNotDisable);

    /** Change the SIM pin.
     *
     * @param new_pin the new PIN to use.
     * @return        true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool change_sim_pin(const char *new_pin);

	/** Get the IMEI.
     *
     * @return true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    MBED_DEPRECATED("This method is now replaced by const char * imei(), please use that instead")
	bool get_imei(char *imei_to_send, int size);

    /** Get the IMEI of the module.
     *
     * @return a pointer to the IMEI as a null-terminated string.
     */
    const char *imei();

    /** Get the Mobile Equipment ID (which may be the same as the IMEI).
     *
     * @return a pointer to the Mobile Equipment ID as a null-terminated string.
     */
    const char *meid();

    /** Get the IMSI of the SIM.
     *
     * @return a pointer to the IMSI as a null-terminated string.
     */
    const char *imsi();

    /** Get the ICCID of the SIM.
     *
     * @return a pointer to the ICCID as a null-terminated string.
     */
    const char *iccid();

    /** Get the RSSI.
     *
     * @return the RSSI in dBm. If it is not possible to obtain an
     *         RSSI reading at the time (e.g. because the modem is in
     *         data mode rather than AT command mode) then 0 is returned.
     */
    int rssi();

    /** RAT values for +URAT command
     * R412M only supports value 7 (CatM1), 8 (NB1), and 9 (GPRS)
     */
    typedef enum {
        GSM_GPRS_EGPRS = 0,
        GSM_UMTS = 1,
        UMTS = 2,
        URAT_LTE = 3,
        GSM_UMTS_LTE = 4,
        GSM_LTE = 5,
        UMTS_LTE = 6,
        LTE_CATM1 = 7,
        LTE_CATNB1 = 8,
        GPRS_EGPRS = 9,
        NOT_USED = -1
    } RAT;

    /** Module functionality modes. Ref to section 5.3.3 of UBX-13002752 for details.
     */
    typedef enum {
        FUNC_MIN = 0,
        FUNC_FULL = 1,
        FUNC_AIRPLANE = 4,
        FUNC_EN_SIM_TLKT_DEDICATED = 6,
        FUNC_DS_SIM_TLKT = 7,
        FUNC_EN_SIM_TLKT_RAW = 9,
        FUNC_RESET = 15,
        FUNC_RESET_WITH_SIM = 16,
        FUNC_MIN_WITH_SIM = 19,
        FUNC_HALT = 127
    } FunctionalityMode;

#ifdef TARGET_UBLOX_C030_R41XM
    /** Supported MNO profiles for SARA-R4.
     */
    typedef enum {
        SW_DEFAULT = 0,
        SIM_ICCID = 1,
        ATT = 2,
        VERIZON = 3,
        TELSTRA = 4,
        TMO = 5,
        CT = 6,
        VODAFONE = 19,
        TELUS = 21,
        DT = 31,
        STANDARD_EU = 100
    } MNOProfile;

    #if MBED_CONF_UBLOX_CELL_DEFAULT_MNO_PROFILE
    #define DEFAULT_MNO_PROFILE     (MNOProfile)MBED_CONF_UBLOX_CELL_DEFAULT_MNO_PROFILE
    #else
    #define DEFAULT_MNO_PROFILE     SW_DEFAULT
    #endif

    /** Reads the current MNO profile from modem and sets it to user specified profile.
     * User can also specify profile in mbed_lib.json file and call set_mno_profile without any arguments.
     *
     * Note: MNO profile should only be set in detached state and a reboot is required for settings to take effect
     *
     * @param profile MNO profile to use
     * @return    true if operation was successful, false if there was an error
     */
    bool set_mno_profile(MNOProfile profile = DEFAULT_MNO_PROFILE);

    /** Get current MNO profile.
     *
     * @param profile pointer to variable that can hold the value for returned profile
     * @return    true if operation was successful, false if there was an error
     */
    bool get_mno_profile(int *profile);

    /** Enable or disable the UPSV Power Saving Mode.
     *
     * @param idle_mode_value  1: enable idle mode
     *                         0: disable idle mode
     * @return                 true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool set_idle_mode(bool enable = false);

    /** Queries the modem for idle mode status.
     *
     * @param status pointer to variable that can hold the value for idle mode status
     *                         1: enabled
     *                         0: disabled
     * @return                 true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool get_idle_mode(int *status);
#endif

    /** Set Radio Access Technology on modem.
     *
     * Note: RAT should only be set in detached state and a reboot is required for settings to take effect
     *
     * @param selected_rat Radio Access Technology to use
     * @param preferred_rat Radio Access Technology to use if selected_rat is not available
     * @param second_preferred_rat Radio Access Technology to use if selected_rat and preferred_rat are not available
     *
     * @return        true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool set_modem_rat(RAT selected_rat, RAT preferred_rat = NOT_USED, RAT second_preferred_rat = NOT_USED);

    /** Get last saved values for RAT using +URAT read command. Note: The current selected RAT is indicated by DeviceInfo.rat
     *
     * @param selected_rat pointer to variable that can hold the value for selected_rat
     * @param preferred_rat pointer to variable that can hold the value for preferred_rat
     * @param second_preferred_rat pointer to variable that can hold the value for second_preferred_rat
     *
     * Note: NOT_USED will be returned in the variables if dual or tri modes are not enabled.
     *
     * @return        true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool get_modem_rat(int *selected_rat, int *preferred_rat, int *second_preferred_rat);

    /** Sets the modem to specified functionality mode.
     *
     * @return true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool set_functionality_mode(FunctionalityMode mode);

    /** Get the modem functionality mode
     *
     * @return true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool get_functionality_mode(int *mode);

    /** reboot the modem using AT+CFUN=15. Application should call init() or connect() before making any other API calls.
     *
     * @return        true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool reboot_modem();

#ifdef TARGET_UBLOX_C030_R412M
    /** Important: Callback function is executed in context of AT parser so a user should not issue any AT commands from inside the callback.
     * It is recommended to set a flag/event/signal in callback and application can use that to wake up the modem and re-initialize it
     *
     * application callback for modem going in to PSM sleep
     *
     * @param func     callback function to be executed when modem is going in to PSM sleep
     * @param param    parameter to be passed to callback function.
     */
    void attach_cb_psm_going_in(Callback<void(void*)> func, void *param)
    {
        _func_psm_going_in = func;
        _cb_param_psm_going_in = param;
    }

    /** Important: Callback function is executed in context of AT parser so a user should not issue any AT commands from inside the callback.
     * It is recommended to set a flag/event/signal in callback and application can use that to wake up the modem and re-initialize it
     *
     * application callback for modem coming out of PSM sleep
     *
     * @param func     callback function to be executed when modem is coming out of PSM sleep.
     * @param param    parameter to be passed to callback function.
     */
    void attach_cb_psm_coming_out(Callback<void(void*)> func, void *param)
    {
        _func_psm_coming_out = func;
        _cb_param_psm_coming_out = param;
    }

    /** de-register the application callback for modem going in to PSM sleep
     *
     */
    void detach_cb_psm_going_in()
    {
        _func_psm_going_in = NULL;
        _cb_param_psm_going_in = NULL;
    }

    /** de-register application callback for modem coming out of PSM sleep
     *
     */
    void detach_cb_psm_coming_out()
    {
        _func_psm_coming_out = NULL;
        _cb_param_psm_coming_out = NULL;
    }

    /** Enable or disable the 3GPP PSM.
     *
     *  Note: Application should reboot the module after enabling PSM in order to enter PSM state. (reboot_modem())
     *  Note: Modem can be woken up by toggling the power-on signal. (wakeup_modem())
     *  Note: When device enters PSM, all connections(PPP, sockets) and settings that are not saved in NV memory(ATE0, CREG etc) are lost.
     *        host application should be prepared to re-initialize the modem and re-establish the connections.
     *  Note: PSM is disabled if both periodic_time and active_time are 0.
     *  Note: Not all variants/firmware versions support PSM URCs and in that case function will return false.
     *
     *  PSM string encoding code is borrowed from AT_CellularPower.cpp
     *
     * @param periodic_time    requested periodic TAU in seconds.
     * @param active_time      requested active time in seconds.
     * @param func             callback function to execute when modem goes to sleep
     * @param ptr              parameter to callback function
     * @return         True if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool set_power_saving_mode(int periodic_tau, int active_time);

    /** Reads the 3GPP PSM status (enabled or disabled) and returns assigned periodic tau and active time values.
     *
     * @param status           0: PSM disabled, 1: PSM enabled
     * @param periodic_tau     assigned periodic TAU in seconds.
     * @param active_time      assigned active time in seconds
     * @return         True if command successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool get_power_saving_mode(int *status, int *periodic_tau, int *active_time);

    /** Wake up the modem from PSM. Ref to comment on set_power_saving_mode, application should call init() or connect()
     * before making any other API calls.
     */
    void wakeup_modem();

    /** True if the modem is not in PSM sleep
     * otherwise false.
     */
    bool is_modem_awake();
#endif

#ifdef TARGET_UBLOX_C030_R41XM
    /** Set discontinuous reception time on cellular device.
     * SARA-R404M / SARA-R410M-02B / SARA-R410M-52B / SARA-R412M / SARA-N4 : The <Paging_time_window> parameter cannot be set by means of the set command.
     *
     *
     *  @remark See 3GPP TS 27.007 eDRX for details.
     *
     *  @param mode          disable or enable the use of eDRX
     *  @param act_type      type of access technology
     *  @param edrx_value    requested edxr value. Extended DRX parameters information element.
     *
     *  @return              0 on success
     *                       1 on failure
     */
    int set_receive_period(int mode, tEDRXAccessTechnology act_type, uint8_t edrx_value);

    /** Set discontinuous reception time on cellular device.
     *
     *  @remark See 3GPP TS 27.007 eDRX for details.
     *
     *  @param mode          disable or enable the use of eDRX
     *  @param act_type      type of access technology
     *
     *  @return              0 on success
     *                       1 on failure
     */
    int set_receive_period(int mode, tEDRXAccessTechnology act_type);

    /** Set discontinuous reception time on cellular device. (Disable)
     *
     *  @remark See 3GPP TS 27.007 eDRX for details.
     *
     *  @param mode          disable or enable the use of eDRX
     *
     *  @return              0 on success
     *                       1 on failure
     */
    int set_receive_period(int mode);

    /** get discontinuous reception time on cellular device.
     *
     *  @remark See 3GPP TS 27.007 eDRX for details.
     *
     *  @return              uint32_t
     */
    uint32_t get_receive_period();
#endif

protected:

    #define OUTPUT_ENTER_KEY  "\r"

    #if MBED_CONF_UBLOX_CELL_GEN_DRV_AT_PARSER_BUFFER_SIZE
    #define AT_PARSER_BUFFER_SIZE   MBED_CONF_UBLOX_CELL_GEN_DRV_AT_PARSER_BUFFER_SIZE
    #else
    #define AT_PARSER_BUFFER_SIZE   256
    #endif

    #if MBED_CONF_UBLOX_CELL_GEN_DRV_AT_PARSER_TIMEOUT
    #define AT_PARSER_TIMEOUT       MBED_CONF_UBLOX_CELL_GEN_DRV_AT_PARSER_TIMEOUT
    #else
    #define AT_PARSER_TIMEOUT       8*1000 // Milliseconds
    #endif

    /** A string that would not normally be sent by the modem on the AT interface.
     */
    #define UNNATURAL_STRING "\x01"

    /** Supported u-blox modem variants.
     */
    typedef enum {
        DEV_TYPE_NONE = 0,
        DEV_SARA_G35,
        DEV_LISA_U2,
        DEV_LISA_U2_03S,
        DEV_SARA_U2,
        DEV_SARA_R4,
        DEV_LEON_G2,
        DEV_TOBY_L2,
        DEV_MPCI_L2
    } DeviceType;

    /** Network registration status.
     * UBX-13001820 - AT Commands Example Application Note (Section 4.1.4.5).
     */
    typedef enum {
       GSM = 0,
       COMPACT_GSM = 1,
       UTRAN = 2,
       EDGE = 3,
       HSDPA = 4,
       HSUPA = 5,
       HSDPA_HSUPA = 6,
       LTE = 7,
       EC_GSM_IoT = 8,
       E_UTRAN_NB_S1 = 9
    } RadioAccessNetworkType;

    /** Info about the modem.
     */
    typedef struct {
        DeviceType dev;
        char iccid[20 + 1];   //!< Integrated Circuit Card ID.
        char imsi[15 + 1];    //!< International Mobile Station Identity.
        char imei[15 + 1];    //!< International Mobile Equipment Identity.
        char meid[18 + 1];    //!< Mobile Equipment IDentifier.
        volatile RadioAccessNetworkType rat;  //!< Type of network (e.g. 2G, 3G, LTE).
        volatile NetworkRegistrationStatusCsd reg_status_csd; //!< Circuit switched attach status.
        volatile NetworkRegistrationStatusPsd reg_status_psd; //!< Packet switched attach status.
        volatile NetworkRegistrationStatusEps reg_status_eps; //!< Evolved Packet Switched (e.g. LTE) attach status.
#ifdef TARGET_UBLOX_C030_R412M
        volatile ModemPSMState modem_psm_state; //!< last known modem PSM state
#endif
    } DeviceInfo;

    /* IMPORTANT: the variables below are available to
     * classes that inherit this in order to keep things
     * simple. However, ONLY this class should free
     * any of the pointers, or there will be havoc.
     */

    /** Point to the instance of the AT parser in use.
     */
#ifdef TARGET_UBLOX_C030_R41XM
    UbloxATCmdParser *_at;
#else
    ATCmdParser *_at;
#endif

    /** The current AT parser timeout value.
     */
    int _at_timeout;

    /** File handle used by the AT parser.
     */
    FileHandle *_fh;

    /** The mutex resource.
     */
    Mutex _mtx;

    /** General info about the modem as a device.
     */
    DeviceInfo _dev_info;

    /** The SIM PIN to use.
     */
    const char *_pin;

    /** Set to true to spit out debug traces.
     */
    bool _debug_trace_on;
    
    /** The baud rate to the modem.
     */
    int _baud;

    /** True if the modem is ready register to the network,
     * otherwise false.
     */
    bool _modem_initialised;

    /** True it the SIM requires a PIN, otherwise false.
     */
    bool _sim_pin_check_enabled;

    /** Sets the modem up for powering on
     *
     *  modem_init() is equivalent to plugging in the device, e.g., attaching power and serial port.
     *  Uses onboard_modem_api.h where the implementation of onboard_modem_api is provided by the target.
     */
    virtual void modem_init();

    /** Sets the modem in unplugged state
     *
     *  modem_deinit() will be equivalent to pulling the plug off of the device, i.e., detaching power
     *  and serial port. This puts the modem in lowest power state.
     *  Uses onboard_modem_api.h where the implementation of onboard_modem_api is provided by the target.
     */
    virtual void modem_deinit();

    /** Powers up the modem
     *
     *  modem_power_up() is equivalent to pressing the soft power button.
     *  The driver may repeat this if the modem is not responsive to AT commands.
     *  Uses onboard_modem_api.h where the implementation of onboard_modem_api is provided by the target.
     */
    virtual void modem_power_up();

    /** Powers down the modem
     *
     *  modem_power_down() is equivalent to turning off the modem by button press.
     *  Uses onboard_modem_api.h where the implementation of onboard_modem_api is provided by the target.
     */
    virtual void modem_power_down();

    /* Note: constructor and destructor protected so that this
    * class can only ever be inherited, never used directly.
    */
    UbloxCellularBase();
    ~UbloxCellularBase();

    /** Initialise this class.
     *
     * @param tx       the UART TX data pin to which the modem is attached.
     * @param rx       the UART RX data pin to which the modem is attached.
     * @param baud     the UART baud rate.
     * @param debug_on true to switch AT interface debug on, otherwise false.
     *
     * Note: it would be more natural to do this in the constructor
     * however, to avoid the diamond of death, this class is only
     * every inherited virtually.  Classes that are inherited virtually
     * do not get passed parameters in their constructor and hence
     * classInit() must be called separately by the first one to wake
     * the beast.
     */
    void baseClassInit(PinName tx = MDMTXD,
                       PinName rx = MDMRXD,
                       int baud = MBED_CONF_UBLOX_CELL_BAUD_RATE,
                       bool debug_on = false);

    /** Set the AT parser timeout.
     */
    void at_set_timeout(int timeout);

    /** Read up to size characters from buf
     * or until the character "end" is reached, overwriting
     * the newline with 0 and ensuring a terminator
     * in all cases.
     *
     * @param buf  the buffer to write to.
     * @param size the size of the buffer.
     * @param end  the character to stop at.
     * @return     the number of characters read,
     *             not including the terminator.
     */
    int read_at_to_char(char * buf, int size, char end);

    /** Powers up the modem.
     *
     * @return true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool power_up();

    /** Power down the modem.
     */
    void power_down();

    /** Lock a mutex when accessing the modem.
     */
    void lock(void)     { _mtx.lock(); }

    /** Helper to make sure that lock unlock pair is always balanced
     */
    #define LOCK()         { lock()

    /** Unlock the modem when done accessing it.
     */
    void unlock(void)   { _mtx.unlock(); }

    /** Helper to make sure that lock unlock pair is always balanced
     */
    #define UNLOCK()       } unlock()

    /** Set the device identity in _dev_info
     * based on the ATI string returned by
     * the module.
     *
     * @return true if dev is a known value,
     *         otherwise false.
     */
    bool set_device_identity(DeviceType *dev);

    /** Perform any modem initialisation that is
     * specialised by device type.
     *
     * @return true if successful, otherwise false.
     */
    bool device_init(DeviceType dev);

    /** Set up the SIM.
     *
     * @return true if successful, otherwiss false.
     */
    bool initialise_sim_card();

#ifdef TARGET_UBLOX_C030_R412M
    /** Converts the given uint to binary string. Fills the given str starting from [0] with the number of bits defined by bit_cnt
     *  For example uint_to_binary_string(9, str, 10) would fill str "0000001001"
     *  For example uint_to_binary_string(9, str, 3) would fill str "001"
     *
     *  @param num       uint to converts to binary string
     *  @param str       buffer for converted binary string
     *  @param str_size  size of the str buffer
     *  @param bit_cnt   defines how many bits are filled to buffer started from lsb
     */
    void uint_to_binary_str(uint32_t num, char* str, int str_size, int bit_cnt);

    /** Converts the given binary string to uint.
     *  For example binary_str_to_uint("0000001001", 10) would return 9
     *
     *  @param binary_string           binary string from where chars are converted to uint
     *  @param binary_string_length    length of the param binary_string
     *  @return                        uint represented by the binary string
     */
    uint32_t binary_str_to_uint(const char *binary_string, int binary_string_length);

#endif

private:

    void set_nwk_reg_status_csd(int status);
    void set_nwk_reg_status_psd(int status);
    void set_nwk_reg_status_eps(int status);
    void set_rat(int AcTStatus);
    bool get_iccid();
    bool get_imsi();
    bool get_imei();
    bool get_meid();
    bool set_sms();
    void parser_abort_cb();
    void CMX_ERROR_URC();
    void CREG_URC();
    void CGREG_URC();
    void CEREG_URC();
    void UMWI_URC();
#ifdef TARGET_UBLOX_C030_R412M
    void UUPSMR_URC();
    bool _psm_status;
    void *_cb_param_psm_going_in;
    Callback<void(void*)>    _func_psm_going_in;  /**< Callback. */
    void *_cb_param_psm_coming_out;
    Callback<void(void*)>    _func_psm_coming_out;  /**< Callback. */
    void set_modem_psm_state(int state);
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_UBLOX_C030_R41XM
    bool _edrx_configured;
#endif
};

#endif // _UBLOX_CELLULAR_BASE_