File content as of revision 5:e4b50f4c13a8:

#include "KS0108.h"     


KS0108::KS0108 (PinName _RST,PinName _DI, PinName _RW, PinName _E, PinName _CS2, PinName _CS1, PinName DB0, PinName DB1, PinName DB2, PinName DB3, PinName DB4, PinName DB5, PinName DB6, PinName DB7)
    : DB(DB0,DB1,DB2,DB3,DB4,DB5,DB6,DB7),RST (_RST),DI(_DI), RW(_RW), E(_E), CS2(_CS2), CS1(_CS1) {
   
    DB.output();      
    CS1.output(); CS2.output();    
    RST.write(0);
    wait_us(10);  
    RST.write(1);                         //reset screen
    E.write(0);                       
    ClearScreen();                      //clear display
    WriteInstruction(LCD_ON, BOTH);     //turn on lcd  
    Inverted = 0;     
}



void  KS0108::WriteInstruction(unsigned int Command,unsigned int side){
    E.write(0); 
    DI.write(0);
    RW.write(0);
        
    SelectSide(side);   //select controller

    wait(0.0000003);     //wait 300ns
    E.write(1);
    DB.output();
    DB.write(Command);        
    wait(0.0000001);
    E.write(0);
}


void  KS0108::WriteData(unsigned int data,unsigned char side){
    E.write(0); 
    DI.write(1);
    RW.write(0);
    
    SelectSide(side);

    wait(0.0000003); // 300ns
    E = 1;
    DB.output();
    DB.write(data);     
    wait(0.0000001);
    E = 0;
}

void KS0108::WriteData(unsigned int data) {
    unsigned int displayData, yOffset, chip;
    
    if(Coord.x >= SCREEN_WIDTH)
        return;
     chip = Coord.x/CHIP_WIDTH; 
     wait(0.000000450); // 300ns     

     if(Coord.x % CHIP_WIDTH == 0 && chip > 0){         
     GotoXY(Coord.x, Coord.y);
     }

    DI.write(1);                    // D/I = 1
    RW.write(0);                      // R/W = 0    
    DB.output();                    // data port is output
    
    yOffset = Coord.y%8;

    if(yOffset != 0) {                 // first page

    displayData = ReadData();

    DI.write(1);                            // D/I = 1
    RW.write(0);                              // R/W = 0    
    SelectSide(chip);    
    DB.output();
                                            // data port is output             
    displayData |= data << yOffset;
    if(Inverted)    displayData = ~displayData;
    DB.write(displayData);                     // write data
    wait(0.0000003);                         // 300ns
    E.write(1);
    wait(0.0000001);
    E.write(0);
        
                                    // second page
    GotoXY(Coord.x, Coord.y+8);
        
    displayData = ReadData();

    DI.write(1);                            // D/I = 1
    RW.write(0);                              // R/W = 0    
    SelectSide(chip);

    DB.output();                // data port is output
        
    displayData |= data >> (8-yOffset);
    
        if(Inverted)
            displayData = ~displayData;
            DB.write(displayData);        // write data
           
            wait(0.0000003);             // 300ns
            E.write(1);
            wait(0.0000001);
            E.write(0);
        
        GotoXY(Coord.x+1, Coord.y-8);
    }else    {

        // just this code gets executed if the write is on a single page
        if(Inverted)
            data = ~data;      
        wait(0.0000003);                 // 300nsEN_DELAY();
        DB.write(data);                    // write data
        wait(0.0000003);                 // 300ns
           E = 1;
           wait(0.0000001);
        E = 0;
        Coord.x++; 
    }
}


void KS0108::WriteDataColPag(unsigned int page, unsigned int col,  unsigned int data){
    
    SelectSide(NONE);  
    col     = col%SCREEN_WIDTH;
    page    = page%8;

    if(col<(SCREEN_WIDTH/2)){
    SelectSide(LEFT);           
    WriteInstruction(LCD_SET_PAGE|page,LEFT);     
    WriteInstruction(LCD_SET_ADD|col,LEFT);          //set page and column position
    WriteData(data,LEFT);                            //output data to D0-D7
    }else{
    
    SelectSide(RIGHT);
    col -= (SCREEN_WIDTH/2);     
    WriteInstruction(LCD_SET_PAGE|page,RIGHT);     
    WriteInstruction(LCD_SET_ADD|col,RIGHT);        //set page and column position
    WriteData(data,RIGHT);                          //output data to D0-D7
    }    
                           
    SelectSide(NONE);
}



unsigned int KS0108::ReadData(){
   unsigned int data;
   DB.input();

   DI.write(1);     
   RW.write(1);

   E.write(1);
   wait(0.00000045);
      
   data = DB.read();
   wait(0.0000001);
   E.write(0);   
   DB.output();
   
   return data;     
}

unsigned int KS0108::ReadStatus(){
   unsigned int status;
   DB.input();
 
   DI.write(0);
   
   RW.write(1);
   E.write(1);
   wait(0.00000045);
      
   status = DB.read();
   E.write(0);
   wait(0.0000001);
   DB.output();
   
   return status;     
}                    



void KS0108::SelectSide(unsigned char side){
    if(side==LEFT)
        {CS1.write(1);CS2.write(0);}
    else if(side==RIGHT)
        {CS1.write(0);CS2.write(1);}
    else if (side==BOTH)
        {CS1.write(1);CS2.write(1);}
    else if (side==NONE)
        {CS1.write(0);CS2.write(0);}
}


void KS0108::ClearScreen(){
     for (int col=0;col<128;col++) {
        for (int page=0;page<8;page++)
        {
            WriteDataColPag(page,col,WHITE);
        }
    }
}     


void KS0108::TurnOn(){
    WriteInstruction(LCD_ON,BOTH);
}


void KS0108::TurnOff(){
    WriteInstruction(LCD_OFF,BOTH);
}


/*******************************************************************************************/      

 
void KS0108::SetPixel(unsigned int x,  unsigned int y,  unsigned int color){    
  
  unsigned int position;
   
  SelectSide(NONE);
  WriteInstruction(LCD_SET_ADD,NONE);    
  
  if(x>=64){           
  WriteInstruction(LCD_SET_PAGE|(y/8),RIGHT);
  WriteInstruction(LCD_SET_ADD|x,RIGHT);
  position = ReadData();                            //dummy read 
  position = ReadData();                            //actual read 
  WriteInstruction(LCD_SET_ADD|x,RIGHT);
  if(color==WHITE)                                
  WriteData(position&(~(1<<(y%8))),RIGHT);         // draw a white pixel
  else                                            
  WriteData(position|(1<<(y%8)),RIGHT);
  wait_us(450);
  }else{ 
  WriteInstruction(LCD_SET_PAGE|(y/8),LEFT);
  WriteInstruction(LCD_SET_ADD|x,LEFT);  
  position = ReadData();                            //dummy read 
  position = ReadData();                            //actual read 
  WriteInstruction(LCD_SET_ADD|x,LEFT);
  if(color==WHITE)                                
  WriteData(position&(~(1<<(y%8))),LEFT);              
  else                                            
  WriteData(position|(1<<(y%8)),LEFT);
  
  wait_us(450);

  }

}       



void KS0108::FullRectangle(unsigned int Xaxis1, unsigned int Yaxis1, unsigned int Xaxis2 ,unsigned int Yaxis2,unsigned int color){
           
    for(unsigned int i=Xaxis1;i<=Xaxis2;i++){
        for(unsigned int j=Yaxis1;j<=Yaxis2;j++){
            SetPixel(i,j,color);
        } 
    }   
}  


void KS0108::EmptyRectangle(unsigned int Xaxis1,unsigned int Yaxis1, unsigned int Xaxis2,unsigned int Yaxis2,unsigned int color){
      unsigned int CurrentValue;

    /* Draw the two horizontal lines */
      for (CurrentValue = 0; CurrentValue < Xaxis2 - Xaxis1+ 1; CurrentValue++) 
      {
        SetPixel(Xaxis1 + CurrentValue, Yaxis1,color);
        SetPixel(Xaxis1 + CurrentValue, Yaxis2,color);
    }
      
      /* draw the two vertical lines */
      for (CurrentValue = 0; CurrentValue < Yaxis2 - Yaxis1 + 1; CurrentValue++)    
      {
        SetPixel(Xaxis1, Yaxis1 + CurrentValue,color);
        SetPixel(Xaxis2, Yaxis1 + CurrentValue,color);
    }
}


void KS0108::RoundRectangle(unsigned int x, unsigned int y, unsigned int width, unsigned int height, unsigned int radius, unsigned int color) {
      int tSwitch, x1 = 0, y1 = radius;
      tSwitch = 3 - 2 * radius;
    
    while (x1 <= y1) {
        SetPixel(x+radius - x1, y+radius - y1, color);
        SetPixel(x+radius - y1, y+radius - x1, color);

        SetPixel(x+width-radius + x1, y+radius - y1, color);
        SetPixel(x+width-radius + y1, y+radius - x1, color);
        
        SetPixel(x+width-radius + x1, y+height-radius + y1, color);
        SetPixel(x+width-radius + y1, y+height-radius + x1, color);

        SetPixel(x+radius - x1, y+height-radius + y1, color);
        SetPixel(x+radius - y1, y+height-radius + x1, color);

        if (tSwitch < 0) {
            tSwitch += (4 * x1 + 6);
        } else {
            tSwitch += (4 * (x1 - y1) + 10);
            y1--;
        }
        x1++;
    }
          
    HLineShort(x+radius,y, width-(2*radius), color);                // top
    HLineShort(x+radius,y+height, width-(2*radius),  color);        // bottom
    VLineShort(x,y+radius,height-(2*radius), color);                // left
    VLineShort(x+width, y+radius,height-(2*radius),  color);        // right
}


void KS0108::HLine(unsigned int Xaxis1, unsigned int Xaxis2 ,unsigned int Yaxis,unsigned int color){
    FullRectangle(Xaxis1,Yaxis,Xaxis2,Yaxis,color);

}


void KS0108::HLineShort(unsigned int Xaxis, unsigned int Yaxis,unsigned int width ,unsigned int color){
    FullRectangle(Xaxis,Yaxis,Xaxis+width,Yaxis,color);

} 


void KS0108::VLine(unsigned int Xaxis, unsigned int Yaxis1 ,unsigned int Yaxis2,unsigned int color){
    FullRectangle(Xaxis,Yaxis1,Xaxis,Yaxis2,color);    
}


void KS0108::VLineShort(unsigned int Xaxis,unsigned int Yaxis, unsigned int height ,unsigned int color){
    FullRectangle(Xaxis,Yaxis,Xaxis,Yaxis+height,color);

}


void KS0108::DegreeLine(unsigned int x, int y,unsigned int degree,unsigned int inner_radius,unsigned int outer_radius, unsigned int color){
  int fx,fy,tx,ty;
  fx = x + dfloor(inner_radius * sin(degree * 3.14 / 180));
  fy = y - dfloor(inner_radius * cos(degree * 3.14 / 180));
  tx = x + dfloor(outer_radius * sin(degree * 3.14 / 180));
  ty = y - dfloor(outer_radius * cos(degree * 3.14 / 180));
  SlantyLine(fx,fy,tx,ty,color);
}


double KS0108::dfloor( double value ) {
  
  if (value < 0.0)
    return ceil( value );
  else
    return floor( value );
    
}


void KS0108::SlantyLine(unsigned int lX1, unsigned int lY1, unsigned int lX2,unsigned int lY2,unsigned int color){
    long lError, lDeltaX, lDeltaY, lYStep, bSteep;       
    
    // A steep line has a bigger ordinate.
    
    if(((lY2 > lY1) ? (lY2 - lY1) : (lY1 - lY2)) > ((lX2 > lX1) ? (lX2 - lX1) : (lX1 - lX2))){
        bSteep = 1;
    }else {
        bSteep = 0;
    }
        
    // If line is steep, swap the X and Y coordinates.
    if(bSteep){
        lError = lX1;
        lX1 = lY1;
        lY1 = lError;
        lError = lX2;
        lX2 = lY2;
        lY2 = lError;
    }

   
    // If the starting X coordinate is larger than the ending X coordinate,
    // swap coordinates.
    if(lX1 > lX2){
        lError = lX1;
        lX1 = lX2;
        lX2 = lError;
        lError = lY1;
        lY1 = lY2;
        lY2 = lError;
    }
        
    // Compute the difference between the start and end coordinates.      
    lDeltaX = lX2 - lX1;
    lDeltaY = (lY2 > lY1) ? (lY2 - lY1) : (lY1 - lY2);
                                                                   
    lError = -lDeltaX / 2;          // Initialize the error term to negative half the X delta.
     
    if(lY1 < lY2){                   // Determine the direction to step in the Y axis when required.
        lYStep = 1;
    }else{
        lYStep = -1;
    }
        
    for(; lX1 <= lX2; lX1++){    // Loop through all the points along the X axis of the line.
        
        // See if this is a steep line.
        
        if(bSteep){
            
            // Plot this point of the line, swapping the X and Y coordinates.
            
            SetPixel(lY1, lX1,color);
        }
        else {           // Plot this point of the line, using the coordinates as is.            
            SetPixel(lX1, lY1,color);
        }                     
        
        // Increment the error term by the Y delta.
        
        lError += lDeltaY; 
                    
        if(lError > 0){                // See if the error term is now greater than zero.
                     
            lY1 += lYStep;            // Take a step in the Y axis.
                                                                       
            lError -= lDeltaX;         // Decrement the error term by the X delta.
        }
    }
}



void KS0108::Line(unsigned int x1, unsigned int  y1, unsigned int  x2, unsigned int  y2, unsigned int color){
unsigned int  deltax, deltay, x,y, steep;
int lerror, ystep;

    steep = absDiff(y1,y2) > absDiff(x1,x2);   //check slope

    if ( steep ){
        swap(x1, y1);
        swap(x2, y2);
    }

    if (x1 > x2){
        swap(x1, x2);
        swap(y1, y2);
    }

    deltax = x2 - x1;
    deltay = absDiff(y2,y1);  
    lerror = deltax / 2;
    y = y1;
    if(y1 < y2) ystep = 1;  else ystep = -1;

    for(x = x1; x <= x2; x++){
        if (steep) SetPixel(y,x, color); else SetPixel(x,y, color);
           lerror -= deltay;
        if (lerror < 0){
            y = y + ystep;
            lerror += deltax;
        }
    }
}


void KS0108::EmptyCircle(unsigned int CenterX, unsigned int CenterY, unsigned int Radius,unsigned int color){
  unsigned int y=0, x=0, d = 0;
  int part; 
  d = CenterY - CenterX;
  y = Radius;
  part = 3 - 2 * Radius;

  while (x <= y) { 
    SetPixel(CenterX + x, CenterY + y,color);  
    SetPixel(CenterX + x, CenterY - y,color);
    SetPixel(CenterX - x, CenterY + y,color);    
    SetPixel(CenterX - x, CenterY - y,color);
    SetPixel(CenterY + y - d, CenterY + x,color); 
    SetPixel(CenterY + y - d, CenterY - x,color);
    SetPixel(CenterY - y - d, CenterY + x,color);
    SetPixel(CenterY - y - d, CenterY - x,color); 

    if (part < 0) part += (4 * x + 6);
    else {
      part += (4 * (x - y) + 10);
      y--;
    }
    x++;
  }

}  

 
void KS0108::FullCircle(unsigned int CenterX, unsigned int CenterY, unsigned int Radius,unsigned int color){  

int f = 1 - Radius;
int ddF_x = 1;
int ddF_y = 2 * Radius;             //changed sign of -2
unsigned int x = 0;
unsigned int y = Radius;      
    
     //Fill in the center between the two halves
     
    Line(CenterX, CenterY-Radius, CenterX, CenterY+Radius, color);
 
    while(x < y){
        if(f >= 0)
        {
            y--;
            ddF_y += 2;
            f += ddF_y;
        }
        x++;
        ddF_x += 2;
        f += ddF_x;    

        /*
         * Now draw vertical lines between the points on the circle rather than
         * draw the points of the circle. This draws lines between the 
         * perimeter points on the upper and lower quadrants of the 2 halves of the circle.
         */

        Line(CenterX+x, CenterY+y, CenterX+x, CenterY-y, color);
        Line(CenterX-x, CenterY+y, CenterX-x, CenterY-y, color);
        Line(CenterX+y, CenterY+x, y+CenterX, CenterY-x, color);
        Line(CenterX-y, CenterY+x, CenterX-y, CenterY-x, color);
      }
}                 



void KS0108::PlotEllipse(long CX, long  CY, long XRadius,long YRadius, int color) {


  long X, Y;
  long XChange, YChange;
  long EllipseError;
  long TwoASquare,TwoBSquare;
  long StoppingX, StoppingY;
  TwoASquare = 2*XRadius*XRadius;
  TwoBSquare = 2*YRadius*YRadius;
  X = XRadius;
  Y = 0;
  XChange = YRadius*YRadius*(1-2*XRadius);
  YChange = XRadius*XRadius;
  EllipseError = 0;
  StoppingX = TwoBSquare*XRadius;
  StoppingY = 0;

  while ( StoppingX >=StoppingY )                 //first set of points,y'>-1
  {
    Plot4EllipsePoints(CX,CY,X,Y,color);
    Y++;
    StoppingY=StoppingY+ TwoASquare;
    EllipseError = EllipseError+ YChange;
    YChange=YChange+TwoASquare;
    if ((2*EllipseError + XChange) > 0 ) {
      X--;
      StoppingX=StoppingX- TwoBSquare;
      EllipseError=EllipseError+ XChange;
      XChange=XChange+TwoBSquare;
    }
  }

  Y = YRadius;
  X = 0;
  YChange = XRadius*XRadius*(1-2*YRadius);
  XChange = YRadius*YRadius;
  EllipseError = 0;
  StoppingY = TwoASquare*YRadius;
  StoppingX = 0;

  while ( StoppingY >=StoppingX )                 //{2nd set of points, y'< -1}
  {
    Plot4EllipsePoints(CX,CY,X,Y,color);
    X++;
    StoppingX=StoppingX + TwoBSquare;
    EllipseError=EllipseError+ XChange;
    XChange=XChange+TwoBSquare;
    if ((2*EllipseError + YChange) > 0 ) {
      Y--;
      StoppingY=StoppingY- TwoASquare;
      EllipseError=EllipseError+ YChange;
      YChange=YChange+TwoASquare;
    }
  }
} 



void KS0108::Plot4EllipsePoints(long CX,long  CY, long X, long Y, int color){
  SetPixel(CX+X, CY+Y, color); //{point in quadrant 1}
  SetPixel(CX-X, CY+Y, color); //{point in quadrant 2}
  SetPixel(CX-X, CY-Y, color); //{point in quadrant 3}
  SetPixel(CX+X, CY-Y, color); //{point in quadrant 4}
}                                                        


void KS0108::RightTriangle ( int topx, int topy, int rightx, int righty) {

    //draw rectangle one line at a time
    Line( topx,topy, rightx,righty,BLACK );        //draw hypotenuse
    Line ( topx,righty,topx,topy,BLACK);         //draw perpendicular
    Line (topx,righty, rightx,righty,BLACK);      // draw base
    
}

void KS0108::Triangle ( int topx, int topy, int rightx, int righty) {
    int base =0;
    base = 2* rightx-topx;
    //draw rectangle one line at a time
    Line( topx,topy, rightx,righty,BLACK );                //draw hypotenuse
    Line ( topx,righty,topx,topy,BLACK);                     //draw perpendicular
    Line(topx-base/2,righty, rightx,righty,BLACK);         // draw base
    Line(topx-base/2, righty, topx,topy,BLACK);            // draw hypotenuse
    
}




/***********************************************************************************/


void KS0108::FullScreenBMP (unsigned char *PictureData){
    unsigned int Page=0;
      unsigned int Column=0;
      
    // Draw left side of the picture 
    SelectSide(LEFT);
      for (Page = 0; Page < 8; Page++){                     /* loop on the 8 pages */            
              WriteInstruction(LCD_SET_PAGE | Page,LEFT); /* Set the page */
              for (Column = 0; Column < 64; Column++)
            WriteData(PictureData[(128*Page)+Column],LEFT);
    }
    
    // Draw right side of the picture
    SelectSide(RIGHT);
      for (Page = 0; Page < 8; Page++){                     /* loop on the 8 pages */
    
              WriteInstruction(LCD_SET_PAGE| Page,RIGHT); /* Set the page */
              for (Column = 64; Column < 128; Column++)
            WriteData(PictureData[(128*Page)+Column],RIGHT);
    }    
}

unsigned int KS0108::ReadArrayData(const unsigned int* ptr) { 
    return (*ptr);
}

void KS0108::DrawBitmap(const unsigned int * bitmap, unsigned int x, unsigned int y, unsigned int color){
unsigned int width, height;
unsigned int i, j;

  width = ReadArrayData(bitmap++); 
  height = ReadArrayData(bitmap++);
  for(j = 0; j < height / 8; j++) {
     GotoXY(x, y + (j*8) );
     for(i = 0; i < width; i++) {
         unsigned int displayData = ReadArrayData(bitmap++);
            if(color == BLACK)
            WriteData(displayData);
         else
            WriteData(~displayData);
     }
  }
}  
/******************************************************************************************/


void KS0108::GotoXY(unsigned int x, unsigned int y) {
  unsigned int chip, cmd;
    
  if( (x > SCREEN_WIDTH-1) || (y > SCREEN_HEIGHT-1) )    // exit if coordinates are not legal
    return;
  Coord.x = x;                                    // save new coordinates
  Coord.y = y;
    
  if(y/8 != Coord.page) {
      Coord.page = y/8;
    cmd = LCD_SET_PAGE | Coord.page;            // set y address on all chips    
    for(chip=0; chip < 2; chip++){
       WriteInstruction(cmd, chip);    
    }
  }
  chip = Coord.x/64;
  x = x % 64;
  cmd = LCD_SET_ADD | x;
  WriteInstruction(cmd, chip);                    // set x address on active chip        

}


/*****************************************************************************************/



void KS0108::Putchar (int page, int col,unsigned char c) {
    if (c>31 && c<127){
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
        WriteDataColPag(page,col+i,System5x7[((c-32)*5+i)+6]);
     }
    }
}



void KS0108::PutString(unsigned int x, unsigned int y,char* str){

    while(*str != 0){
     Putchar(x,y,*str);
     str++;
     y+=System5x7[2];
    }

}

void KS0108::PrintFloat(float val, unsigned int x,unsigned int y){
   char buf[20] = {};  // prints up to 20 digits         
   sprintf(buf,"%f",val);
   PutString(x,y,buf);

}


void KS0108::PrintInteger(int val,unsigned int x,unsigned int y){
   char buf[20] = {};  // prints up to 20 digits         
   sprintf(buf,"%d",val);
   PutString(x,y,buf);
}

void KS0108::SelectFont(unsigned int* font,unsigned int color, FontCallback callback) {
    Font = font;
    FontRead = callback;
    FontColor = color;
}


int KS0108::PrintChar(char c) {
    unsigned int width = 0;
    unsigned int height = FontRead(Font+FONT_HEIGHT);
    unsigned int bytes = (height+7)/8;
    
    unsigned int firstChar = FontRead(Font+FONT_FIRST_CHAR);
    unsigned int charCount = FontRead(Font+FONT_CHAR_COUNT);
        
    unsigned int index = 0;
    unsigned int x=Coord.x , y=Coord.y;

    if(c < firstChar || c >= (firstChar+charCount)) {
        return 1;
    }
    c-= firstChar;

    if( FontRead(Font+FONT_LENGTH) == 0 && FontRead(Font+FONT_LENGTH+1) == 0) {
    // zero length is flag indicating fixed width font (array does not contain width data entries)
       width = FontRead(Font+FONT_FIXED_WIDTH); 
       index = c*bytes*width+FONT_WIDTH_TABLE;
    }
    else{
    // variable width font, read width data, to get the index
       for(unsigned int i=0; i<c; i++) {  
         index += FontRead(Font+FONT_WIDTH_TABLE+i);
       }
       index = index*bytes+charCount+FONT_WIDTH_TABLE;
       width = FontRead(Font+FONT_WIDTH_TABLE+c);
    }

    // last but not least, draw the character
    for(unsigned int i=0; i<bytes; i++) {
        unsigned int page = i*width;
        for(unsigned int j=0; j<width; j++) {
            unsigned int data = FontRead(Font+index+page+j);
        
            if(height > 8 && height < (i+1)*8) {
                data >>= (i+1)*8-height;
            }
            
            WriteData(data);

        }
        // 1px gap between chars
        WriteData(0x00);
        GotoXY(x,Coord.y+8);
    
    }
    GotoXY(x+width+1, y);
    

    return 0;
}

void KS0108::PrintString(char* str) {
    int x = Coord.x;
    while(*str != 0) {
        if(*str == '\n') {
            GotoXY(x, Coord.y+ FontRead(Font+FONT_HEIGHT));
        } else {
            PrintChar(*str);
        }
        str++;
    }
}

void KS0108::PrintNumber(long n){
   char buf[10];  // prints up to 10 digits  
   char i=0;
   if(n==0)
       PrintChar('0');
   else{
     if(n < 0){
        PrintChar('-');
        n = -n;
     }
     while(n>0 && i <= 10){
       buf[i++] = n % 10;  // n % base
       n /= 10;   // n/= base
     }
     for(; i >0; i--)
         PrintChar((char) (buf[i-1] < 10 ? '0' + buf[i-1] : 'A' + buf[i-1] - 10));      
   }
}