Application example using LoRaWAN-lib MAC layer implementation

Dependencies:   mbed LoRaWAN-lib SX1272Lib

LoRaWAN-demo is a ClassA device example project using LoRaWAN-lib and SX1272Lib libraries.

This demo application sends a frame every 4 to 6 seconds (randomly) and displays its current status using a serial port as display(VT100).

The serial port settings are as shown in below image. To access the serial port settings please click on "Setup" menu and then "Serial port..."

/media/uploads/mluis/serial_port_settings.png

The terminal window should be setup as shown in below image. To access the terminal window settings please click on "Setup" menu and then "Terminal..."

/media/uploads/mluis/terminal_window_settings.png

The image below shows the VT100 application status.

Application main screen

The application gives the possibility to either activate the device using

  • Over The Air Activation (OTAA)
  • Personalization activation (PA)

The activation mode can be adjusted in Comissioning.h by changing the following parameter:

/*!
 * When set to 1 the application uses the Over-the-Air activation procedure
 * When set to 0 the application uses the Personalization activation procedure
 */
#define OVER_THE_AIR_ACTIVATION                     1


The application gives the possibility to select which kind of network we are connecting to.

  • Public Network (true)
  • Private Network (false)

The netork type can be changed as follows:

/*!
 * Indicates if the end-device is to be connected to a private or public network
 */
#define LORAWAN_PUBLIC_NETWORK                      true


OTAA
When OTAA is selected the user must porvide a device EUI, an application EUI and an application key.
These can be adjusted by changing the following parameters:

/*!
 * Mote device IEEE EUI (big endian)
 */
#define LORAWAN_DEVICE_EUI                          { 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88 }

/*!
 * Application IEEE EUI (big endian)
 */
#define LORAWAN_APPLICATION_EUI                     { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }

/*!
 * AES encryption/decryption cipher application key
 */
#define LORAWAN_APPLICATION_KEY                     { 0x2B, 0x7E, 0x15, 0x16, 0x28, 0xAE, 0xD2, 0xA6, 0xAB, 0xF7, 0x15, 0x88, 0x09, 0xCF, 0x4F, 0x3C }


PA
When PA is selected the user must porvide a network ID, a device address, a network session key and an application session key.
These can be adjusted by changing the following parameters:

/*!
 * Current network ID
 */
#define LORAWAN_NETWORK_ID                          ( uint32_t )0

/*!
 * Device address on the network (big endian)
 */
#define LORAWAN_DEVICE_ADDRESS                      ( uint32_t )0x12345678

/*!
 * AES encryption/decryption cipher network session key
 */
#define LORAWAN_NWKSKEY                             { 0x2B, 0x7E, 0x15, 0x16, 0x28, 0xAE, 0xD2, 0xA6, 0xAB, 0xF7, 0x15, 0x88, 0x09, 0xCF, 0x4F, 0x3C }

/*!
 * AES encryption/decryption cipher application session key
 */
#define LORAWAN_APPSKEY                             { 0x2B, 0x7E, 0x15, 0x16, 0x28, 0xAE, 0xD2, 0xA6, 0xAB, 0xF7, 0x15, 0x88, 0x09, 0xCF, 0x4F, 0x3C }


On top of main.c the user has the possibility to tweak some application settings such as:

  • Join requests transmission frequency
  • Frames transmission frequency
  • Application default datarate
  • Confirmed or Unconfirmed frames transmission
  • ADR (Adaptive Datarate) ON/OFF
  • Application port to be used by the transmitted frames

The join requests transmission frequency can be adjusted by changing the follwoing parameter:

/*!
 * Join requests trials duty cycle.
 */
#define OVER_THE_AIR_ACTIVATION_DUTYCYCLE           10000000  // 10 [s] value in us


The frame transmission frequency can be adjusted by changing the follwoing parameters:

/*!
 * Defines the application data transmission duty cycle. 5s, value in [us].
 */
#define APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE                            5000000

/*!
 * Defines a random delay for application data transmission duty cycle. 1s,
 * value in [us].
 */
#define APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND                        1000000


The frame transmission scheduling is then executed as follows:

        if( ScheduleNextTx == true )
        {
            ScheduleNextTx = false;
            // Schedule next packet transmission
            TxDutyCycleTime = APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE + randr( -APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND, APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND );
            TimerSetValue( &TxNextPacketTimer, TxDutyCycleTime );
            TimerStart( &TxNextPacketTimer );
        }


The application default datarate can be adjusted by changing the following parameter:

Quote:

When ADR is off this setting is the fixed datarate that will be used by the application.
When ADR is on this setting is the initial datarate used by the application.

/*!
 * Default mote datarate
 */
#define LORAWAN_DEFAULT_DATARATE                    DR_0


The transmitted frame contents will depend on LORAWAN_CONFIRMED_MSG_ON value.

/*!
 * LoRaWAN confirmed messages
 */
#define LORAWAN_CONFIRMED_MSG_ON                    true
  • If LORAWAN_CONFIRMED_MSG_ON equals false then the application payload is one byte corresponding to the AppLed state.
  • If LORAWAN_CONFIRMED_MSG_ON equals true then the application payload is six bytes corresponding to the AppLed state, Downlink counter (unsigned 16 bits), received RSSI (signed 16 bits) and received SNR (signed 8 bits).

/*!
 * \brief   Prepares the payload of the frame
 */
static void PrepareTxFrame( uint8_t port )
{

    switch( port )
    {
    case 15:
        {
            AppData[0] = AppLedStateOn;
            if( IsTxConfirmed == true )
            {
                AppData[1] = LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.DownlinkCounter >> 8;
                AppData[2] = LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.DownlinkCounter;
                AppData[3] = LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Rssi >> 8;
                AppData[4] = LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Rssi;
                AppData[5] = LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Snr;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 224:
...
}


The ADR enabling/disabling can be adjusted by changing the following parameter:

/*!
 * LoRaWAN Adaptive Data Rate
 *
 * \remark Please note that when ADR is enabled the end-device should be static
 */
#define LORAWAN_ADR_ON                              1


The application port can be adjusted by changing the following parameter:

/*!
 * LoRaWAN application port
 */
#define LORAWAN_APP_PORT                            15

app/main.cpp

Committer:
mluis
Date:
2017-04-24
Revision:
7:5077515c163b
Parent:
5:62862ef9480b

File content as of revision 7:5077515c163b:

/*
 / _____)             _              | |
( (____  _____ ____ _| |_ _____  ____| |__
 \____ \| ___ |    (_   _) ___ |/ ___)  _ \
 _____) ) ____| | | || |_| ____( (___| | | |
(______/|_____)_|_|_| \__)_____)\____)_| |_|
    (C)2015 Semtech

Description: LoRaMac classA device implementation

License: Revised BSD License, see LICENSE.TXT file include in the project

Maintainer: Miguel Luis and Gregory Cristian
*/
#include "mbed.h"
#include "board.h"
#include "radio.h"

#include "LoRaMac.h"
#include "Commissioning.h"
#include "SerialDisplay.h"

/*!
 * Defines the application data transmission duty cycle. 5s, value in [ms].
 */
#define APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE                            5000

/*!
 * Defines a random delay for application data transmission duty cycle. 1s,
 * value in [ms].
 */
#define APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND                        1000

/*!
 * Default datarate
 */
#define LORAWAN_DEFAULT_DATARATE                    DR_0

/*!
 * LoRaWAN confirmed messages
 */
#define LORAWAN_CONFIRMED_MSG_ON                    true

/*!
 * LoRaWAN Adaptive Data Rate
 *
 * \remark Please note that when ADR is enabled the end-device should be static
 */
#define LORAWAN_ADR_ON                              1

#if defined( USE_BAND_868 )

#include "LoRaMacTest.h"

/*!
 * LoRaWAN ETSI duty cycle control enable/disable
 *
 * \remark Please note that ETSI mandates duty cycled transmissions. Use only for test purposes
 */
#define LORAWAN_DUTYCYCLE_ON                        false

#define USE_SEMTECH_DEFAULT_CHANNEL_LINEUP          1

#if( USE_SEMTECH_DEFAULT_CHANNEL_LINEUP == 1 )

#define LC4                { 867100000, { ( ( DR_5 << 4 ) | DR_0 ) }, 0 }
#define LC5                { 867300000, { ( ( DR_5 << 4 ) | DR_0 ) }, 0 }
#define LC6                { 867500000, { ( ( DR_5 << 4 ) | DR_0 ) }, 0 }
#define LC7                { 867700000, { ( ( DR_5 << 4 ) | DR_0 ) }, 0 }
#define LC8                { 867900000, { ( ( DR_5 << 4 ) | DR_0 ) }, 0 }
#define LC9                { 868800000, { ( ( DR_7 << 4 ) | DR_7 ) }, 2 }
#define LC10               { 868300000, { ( ( DR_6 << 4 ) | DR_6 ) }, 1 }

#endif

#endif

/*!
 * LoRaWAN application port
 */
#define LORAWAN_APP_PORT                            15

/*!
 * User application data buffer size
 */
#if ( LORAWAN_CONFIRMED_MSG_ON == 1 )
#define LORAWAN_APP_DATA_SIZE                       6

#else
#define LORAWAN_APP_DATA_SIZE                       1

#endif

static uint8_t DevEui[] = LORAWAN_DEVICE_EUI;
static uint8_t AppEui[] = LORAWAN_APPLICATION_EUI;
static uint8_t AppKey[] = LORAWAN_APPLICATION_KEY;

#if( OVER_THE_AIR_ACTIVATION == 0 )

static uint8_t NwkSKey[] = LORAWAN_NWKSKEY;
static uint8_t AppSKey[] = LORAWAN_APPSKEY;

/*!
 * Device address
 */
static uint32_t DevAddr = LORAWAN_DEVICE_ADDRESS;

#endif

/*!
 * Application port
 */
static uint8_t AppPort = LORAWAN_APP_PORT;

/*!
 * User application data size
 */
static uint8_t AppDataSize = LORAWAN_APP_DATA_SIZE;

/*!
 * User application data buffer size
 */
#define LORAWAN_APP_DATA_MAX_SIZE                           64

/*!
 * User application data
 */
static uint8_t AppData[LORAWAN_APP_DATA_MAX_SIZE];

/*!
 * Indicates if the node is sending confirmed or unconfirmed messages
 */
static uint8_t IsTxConfirmed = LORAWAN_CONFIRMED_MSG_ON;

/*!
 * Defines the application data transmission duty cycle
 */
static uint32_t TxDutyCycleTime;

/*!
 * Timer to handle the application data transmission duty cycle
 */
static TimerEvent_t TxNextPacketTimer;

/*!
 * Specifies the state of the application LED
 */
static bool AppLedStateOn = false;
volatile bool Led3StateChanged = false;
/*!
 * Timer to handle the state of LED1
 */
static TimerEvent_t Led1Timer;
volatile bool Led1State = false;
volatile bool Led1StateChanged = false;
/*!
 * Timer to handle the state of LED2
 */
static TimerEvent_t Led2Timer;
volatile bool Led2State = false;
volatile bool Led2StateChanged = false;

/*!
 * Indicates if a new packet can be sent
 */
static bool NextTx = true;

/*!
 * Device states
 */
static enum eDeviceState
{
    DEVICE_STATE_INIT,
    DEVICE_STATE_JOIN,
    DEVICE_STATE_SEND,
    DEVICE_STATE_CYCLE,
    DEVICE_STATE_SLEEP
}DeviceState;

/*!
 * LoRaWAN compliance tests support data
 */
struct ComplianceTest_s
{
    bool Running;
    uint8_t State;
    bool IsTxConfirmed;
    uint8_t AppPort;
    uint8_t AppDataSize;
    uint8_t *AppDataBuffer;
    uint16_t DownLinkCounter;
    bool LinkCheck;
    uint8_t DemodMargin;
    uint8_t NbGateways;
}ComplianceTest;

/*
 * SerialDisplay managment variables
 */

/*!
 * Indicates if the MAC layer network join status has changed.
 */
static bool IsNetworkJoinedStatusUpdate = false;

/*!
 * Strucure containing the Uplink status
 */
struct sLoRaMacUplinkStatus
{
    uint8_t Acked;
    int8_t Datarate;
    uint16_t UplinkCounter;
    uint8_t Port;
    uint8_t *Buffer;
    uint8_t BufferSize;
}LoRaMacUplinkStatus;
volatile bool UplinkStatusUpdated = false;

/*!
 * Strucure containing the Downlink status
 */
struct sLoRaMacDownlinkStatus
{
    int16_t Rssi;
    int8_t Snr;
    uint16_t DownlinkCounter;
    bool RxData;
    uint8_t Port;
    uint8_t *Buffer;
    uint8_t BufferSize;
}LoRaMacDownlinkStatus;
volatile bool DownlinkStatusUpdated = false;

void SerialDisplayRefresh( void )
{
    MibRequestConfirm_t mibReq;

    SerialDisplayInit( );
    SerialDisplayUpdateActivationMode( OVER_THE_AIR_ACTIVATION );

#if( OVER_THE_AIR_ACTIVATION == 0 )
    SerialDisplayUpdateNwkId( LORAWAN_NETWORK_ID );
    SerialDisplayUpdateDevAddr( DevAddr );
    SerialDisplayUpdateKey( 12, NwkSKey );
    SerialDisplayUpdateKey( 13, AppSKey );
#endif
    SerialDisplayUpdateEui( 5, DevEui );
    SerialDisplayUpdateEui( 6, AppEui );
    SerialDisplayUpdateKey( 7, AppKey );

    mibReq.Type = MIB_NETWORK_JOINED;
    LoRaMacMibGetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );
    SerialDisplayUpdateNetworkIsJoined( mibReq.Param.IsNetworkJoined );

    SerialDisplayUpdateAdr( LORAWAN_ADR_ON );
#if defined( USE_BAND_868 )
    SerialDisplayUpdateDutyCycle( LORAWAN_DUTYCYCLE_ON );
#else
    SerialDisplayUpdateDutyCycle( false );
#endif
    SerialDisplayUpdatePublicNetwork( LORAWAN_PUBLIC_NETWORK );
    
    SerialDisplayUpdateLedState( 3, AppLedStateOn );
}

void SerialRxProcess( void )
{
    if( SerialDisplayReadable( ) == true )
    {
        switch( SerialDisplayGetChar( ) )
        {
            case 'R':
            case 'r':
                // Refresh Serial screen
                SerialDisplayRefresh( );
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}

/*!
 * \brief   Prepares the payload of the frame
 */
static void PrepareTxFrame( uint8_t port )
{
    switch( port )
    {
    case 15:
        {
            AppData[0] = AppLedStateOn;
            if( IsTxConfirmed == true )
            {
                AppData[1] = LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.DownlinkCounter >> 8;
                AppData[2] = LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.DownlinkCounter;
                AppData[3] = LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Rssi >> 8;
                AppData[4] = LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Rssi;
                AppData[5] = LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Snr;
            }
        }
        break;
    case 224:
        if( ComplianceTest.LinkCheck == true )
        {
            ComplianceTest.LinkCheck = false;
            AppDataSize = 3;
            AppData[0] = 5;
            AppData[1] = ComplianceTest.DemodMargin;
            AppData[2] = ComplianceTest.NbGateways;
            ComplianceTest.State = 1;
        }
        else
        {
            switch( ComplianceTest.State )
            {
            case 4:
                ComplianceTest.State = 1;
                break;
            case 1:
                AppDataSize = 2;
                AppData[0] = ComplianceTest.DownLinkCounter >> 8;
                AppData[1] = ComplianceTest.DownLinkCounter;
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
}

/*!
 * \brief   Prepares the payload of the frame
 *
 * \retval  [0: frame could be send, 1: error]
 */
static bool SendFrame( void )
{
    McpsReq_t mcpsReq;
    LoRaMacTxInfo_t txInfo;

    if( LoRaMacQueryTxPossible( AppDataSize, &txInfo ) != LORAMAC_STATUS_OK )
    {
        // Send empty frame in order to flush MAC commands
        mcpsReq.Type = MCPS_UNCONFIRMED;
        mcpsReq.Req.Unconfirmed.fBuffer = NULL;
        mcpsReq.Req.Unconfirmed.fBufferSize = 0;
        mcpsReq.Req.Unconfirmed.Datarate = LORAWAN_DEFAULT_DATARATE;

        LoRaMacUplinkStatus.Acked = false;
        LoRaMacUplinkStatus.Port = 0;
        LoRaMacUplinkStatus.Buffer = NULL;
        LoRaMacUplinkStatus.BufferSize = 0;
        SerialDisplayUpdateFrameType( false );
    }
    else
    {
        LoRaMacUplinkStatus.Acked = false;
        LoRaMacUplinkStatus.Port = AppPort;
        LoRaMacUplinkStatus.Buffer = AppData;
        LoRaMacUplinkStatus.BufferSize = AppDataSize;
        SerialDisplayUpdateFrameType( IsTxConfirmed );

        if( IsTxConfirmed == false )
        {
            mcpsReq.Type = MCPS_UNCONFIRMED;
            mcpsReq.Req.Unconfirmed.fPort = AppPort;
            mcpsReq.Req.Unconfirmed.fBuffer = AppData;
            mcpsReq.Req.Unconfirmed.fBufferSize = AppDataSize;
            mcpsReq.Req.Unconfirmed.Datarate = LORAWAN_DEFAULT_DATARATE;
        }
        else
        {
            mcpsReq.Type = MCPS_CONFIRMED;
            mcpsReq.Req.Confirmed.fPort = AppPort;
            mcpsReq.Req.Confirmed.fBuffer = AppData;
            mcpsReq.Req.Confirmed.fBufferSize = AppDataSize;
            mcpsReq.Req.Confirmed.NbTrials = 8;
            mcpsReq.Req.Confirmed.Datarate = LORAWAN_DEFAULT_DATARATE;
        }
    }

    if( LoRaMacMcpsRequest( &mcpsReq ) == LORAMAC_STATUS_OK )
    {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

/*!
 * \brief Function executed on TxNextPacket Timeout event
 */
static void OnTxNextPacketTimerEvent( void )
{
    MibRequestConfirm_t mibReq;
    LoRaMacStatus_t status;

    TimerStop( &TxNextPacketTimer );

    mibReq.Type = MIB_NETWORK_JOINED;
    status = LoRaMacMibGetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );

    if( status == LORAMAC_STATUS_OK )
    {
        if( mibReq.Param.IsNetworkJoined == true )
        {
            DeviceState = DEVICE_STATE_SEND;
            NextTx = true;
        }
        else
        {
            DeviceState = DEVICE_STATE_JOIN;
        }
    }
}

/*!
 * \brief Function executed on Led 1 Timeout event
 */
static void OnLed1TimerEvent( void )
{
    TimerStop( &Led1Timer );
    // Switch LED 1 OFF
    Led1State = false;
    Led1StateChanged = true;
}

/*!
 * \brief Function executed on Led 2 Timeout event
 */
static void OnLed2TimerEvent( void )
{
    TimerStop( &Led2Timer );
    // Switch LED 2 OFF
    Led2State = false;
    Led2StateChanged = true;
}

/*!
 * \brief   MCPS-Confirm event function
 *
 * \param   [IN] mcpsConfirm - Pointer to the confirm structure,
 *               containing confirm attributes.
 */
static void McpsConfirm( McpsConfirm_t *mcpsConfirm )
{
    if( mcpsConfirm->Status == LORAMAC_EVENT_INFO_STATUS_OK )
    {
        switch( mcpsConfirm->McpsRequest )
        {
            case MCPS_UNCONFIRMED:
            {
                // Check Datarate
                // Check TxPower
                break;
            }
            case MCPS_CONFIRMED:
            {
                // Check Datarate
                // Check TxPower
                // Check AckReceived
                // Check NbTrials
                LoRaMacUplinkStatus.Acked = mcpsConfirm->AckReceived;
                break;
            }
            case MCPS_PROPRIETARY:
            {
                break;
            }
            default:
                break;
        }
        LoRaMacUplinkStatus.Datarate = mcpsConfirm->Datarate;
        LoRaMacUplinkStatus.UplinkCounter = mcpsConfirm->UpLinkCounter;

        // Switch LED 1 ON
        Led1State = true;
        Led1StateChanged = true;
        TimerStart( &Led1Timer );

        UplinkStatusUpdated = true;
    }
    NextTx = true;
}

/*!
 * \brief   MCPS-Indication event function
 *
 * \param   [IN] mcpsIndication - Pointer to the indication structure,
 *               containing indication attributes.
 */
static void McpsIndication( McpsIndication_t *mcpsIndication )
{
    if( mcpsIndication->Status != LORAMAC_EVENT_INFO_STATUS_OK )
    {
        return;
    }

    switch( mcpsIndication->McpsIndication )
    {
        case MCPS_UNCONFIRMED:
        {
            break;
        }
        case MCPS_CONFIRMED:
        {
            break;
        }
        case MCPS_PROPRIETARY:
        {
            break;
        }
        case MCPS_MULTICAST:
        {
            break;
        }
        default:
            break;
    }

    // Check Multicast
    // Check Port
    // Check Datarate
    // Check FramePending
    // Check Buffer
    // Check BufferSize
    // Check Rssi
    // Check Snr
    // Check RxSlot
    LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Rssi = mcpsIndication->Rssi;
    if( mcpsIndication->Snr & 0x80 ) // The SNR sign bit is 1
    {
        // Invert and divide by 4
        LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Snr = ( ( ~mcpsIndication->Snr + 1 ) & 0xFF ) >> 2;
        LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Snr = -LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Snr;
    }
    else
    {
        // Divide by 4
        LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Snr = ( mcpsIndication->Snr & 0xFF ) >> 2;
    }
    LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.DownlinkCounter++;
    LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.RxData = mcpsIndication->RxData;
    LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Port = mcpsIndication->Port;
    LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Buffer = mcpsIndication->Buffer;
    LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.BufferSize = mcpsIndication->BufferSize;

    if( ComplianceTest.Running == true )
    {
        ComplianceTest.DownLinkCounter++;
    }

    if( mcpsIndication->RxData == true )
    {
        switch( mcpsIndication->Port )
        {
        case 1: // The application LED can be controlled on port 1 or 2
        case 2:
            if( mcpsIndication->BufferSize == 1 )
            {
                AppLedStateOn = mcpsIndication->Buffer[0] & 0x01;
                Led3StateChanged = true;
            }
            break;
        case 224:
            if( ComplianceTest.Running == false )
            {
                // Check compliance test enable command (i)
                if( ( mcpsIndication->BufferSize == 4 ) &&
                    ( mcpsIndication->Buffer[0] == 0x01 ) &&
                    ( mcpsIndication->Buffer[1] == 0x01 ) &&
                    ( mcpsIndication->Buffer[2] == 0x01 ) &&
                    ( mcpsIndication->Buffer[3] == 0x01 ) )
                {
                    IsTxConfirmed = false;
                    AppPort = 224;
                    AppDataSize = 2;
                    ComplianceTest.DownLinkCounter = 0;
                    ComplianceTest.LinkCheck = false;
                    ComplianceTest.DemodMargin = 0;
                    ComplianceTest.NbGateways = 0;
                    ComplianceTest.Running = true;
                    ComplianceTest.State = 1;

                    MibRequestConfirm_t mibReq;
                    mibReq.Type = MIB_ADR;
                    mibReq.Param.AdrEnable = true;
                    LoRaMacMibSetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );

#if defined( USE_BAND_868 )
                    LoRaMacTestSetDutyCycleOn( false );
#endif
                }
            }
            else
            {
                ComplianceTest.State = mcpsIndication->Buffer[0];
                switch( ComplianceTest.State )
                {
                case 0: // Check compliance test disable command (ii)
                    IsTxConfirmed = LORAWAN_CONFIRMED_MSG_ON;
                    AppPort = LORAWAN_APP_PORT;
                    AppDataSize = LORAWAN_APP_DATA_SIZE;
                    ComplianceTest.DownLinkCounter = 0;
                    ComplianceTest.Running = false;

                    MibRequestConfirm_t mibReq;
                    mibReq.Type = MIB_ADR;
                    mibReq.Param.AdrEnable = LORAWAN_ADR_ON;
                    LoRaMacMibSetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );
#if defined( USE_BAND_868 )
                    LoRaMacTestSetDutyCycleOn( LORAWAN_DUTYCYCLE_ON );
#endif
                    break;
                case 1: // (iii, iv)
                    AppDataSize = 2;
                    break;
                case 2: // Enable confirmed messages (v)
                    IsTxConfirmed = true;
                    ComplianceTest.State = 1;
                    break;
                case 3:  // Disable confirmed messages (vi)
                    IsTxConfirmed = false;
                    ComplianceTest.State = 1;
                    break;
                case 4: // (vii)
                    AppDataSize = mcpsIndication->BufferSize;

                    AppData[0] = 4;
                    for( uint8_t i = 1; i < AppDataSize; i++ )
                    {
                        AppData[i] = mcpsIndication->Buffer[i] + 1;
                    }
                    break;
                case 5: // (viii)
                    {
                        MlmeReq_t mlmeReq;
                        mlmeReq.Type = MLME_LINK_CHECK;
                        LoRaMacMlmeRequest( &mlmeReq );
                    }
                    break;
                case 6: // (ix)
                    {
                        MlmeReq_t mlmeReq;

                        // Disable TestMode and revert back to normal operation
                        IsTxConfirmed = LORAWAN_CONFIRMED_MSG_ON;
                        AppPort = LORAWAN_APP_PORT;
                        AppDataSize = LORAWAN_APP_DATA_SIZE;
                        ComplianceTest.DownLinkCounter = 0;
                        ComplianceTest.Running = false;

                        MibRequestConfirm_t mibReq;
                        mibReq.Type = MIB_ADR;
                        mibReq.Param.AdrEnable = LORAWAN_ADR_ON;
                        LoRaMacMibSetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );
#if defined( USE_BAND_868 )
                        LoRaMacTestSetDutyCycleOn( LORAWAN_DUTYCYCLE_ON );
#endif

                        mlmeReq.Type = MLME_JOIN;

                        mlmeReq.Req.Join.DevEui = DevEui;
                        mlmeReq.Req.Join.AppEui = AppEui;
                        mlmeReq.Req.Join.AppKey = AppKey;
                        mlmeReq.Req.Join.NbTrials = 3;

                        LoRaMacMlmeRequest( &mlmeReq );
                        DeviceState = DEVICE_STATE_SLEEP;
                    }
                    break;
                case 7: // (x)
                    {
                        if( mcpsIndication->BufferSize == 3 )
                        {
                            MlmeReq_t mlmeReq;
                            mlmeReq.Type = MLME_TXCW;
                            mlmeReq.Req.TxCw.Timeout = ( uint16_t )( ( mcpsIndication->Buffer[1] << 8 ) | mcpsIndication->Buffer[2] );
                            LoRaMacMlmeRequest( &mlmeReq );
                        }
                        else if( mcpsIndication->BufferSize == 7 )
                        {
                            MlmeReq_t mlmeReq;
                            mlmeReq.Type = MLME_TXCW_1;
                            mlmeReq.Req.TxCw.Timeout = ( uint16_t )( ( mcpsIndication->Buffer[1] << 8 ) | mcpsIndication->Buffer[2] );
                            mlmeReq.Req.TxCw.Frequency = ( uint32_t )( ( mcpsIndication->Buffer[3] << 16 ) | ( mcpsIndication->Buffer[4] << 8 ) | mcpsIndication->Buffer[5] ) * 100;
                            mlmeReq.Req.TxCw.Power = mcpsIndication->Buffer[6];
                            LoRaMacMlmeRequest( &mlmeReq );
                        }
                        ComplianceTest.State = 1;
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
                }
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    }

    // Switch LED 2 ON for each received downlink
    Led2State = true;
    Led2StateChanged = true;
    TimerStart( &Led2Timer );
    DownlinkStatusUpdated = true;
}

/*!
 * \brief   MLME-Confirm event function
 *
 * \param   [IN] mlmeConfirm - Pointer to the confirm structure,
 *               containing confirm attributes.
 */
static void MlmeConfirm( MlmeConfirm_t *mlmeConfirm )
{
    switch( mlmeConfirm->MlmeRequest )
    {
        case MLME_JOIN:
        {
            if( mlmeConfirm->Status == LORAMAC_EVENT_INFO_STATUS_OK )
            {
                // Status is OK, node has joined the network
                IsNetworkJoinedStatusUpdate = true;
                DeviceState = DEVICE_STATE_SEND;
            }
            else
            {
                // Join was not successful. Try to join again
                DeviceState = DEVICE_STATE_JOIN;
            }
            break;
        }
        case MLME_LINK_CHECK:
        {
            if( mlmeConfirm->Status == LORAMAC_EVENT_INFO_STATUS_OK )
            {
                // Check DemodMargin
                // Check NbGateways
                if( ComplianceTest.Running == true )
                {
                    ComplianceTest.LinkCheck = true;
                    ComplianceTest.DemodMargin = mlmeConfirm->DemodMargin;
                    ComplianceTest.NbGateways = mlmeConfirm->NbGateways;
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        default:
            break;
    }
    NextTx = true;
    UplinkStatusUpdated = true;
}

/**
 * Main application entry point.
 */
int main( void )
{
    LoRaMacPrimitives_t LoRaMacPrimitives;
    LoRaMacCallback_t LoRaMacCallbacks;
    MibRequestConfirm_t mibReq;

    BoardInit( );
    SerialDisplayInit( );

    SerialDisplayUpdateEui( 5, DevEui );
    SerialDisplayUpdateEui( 6, AppEui );
    SerialDisplayUpdateKey( 7, AppKey );

#if( OVER_THE_AIR_ACTIVATION == 0 )
    SerialDisplayUpdateNwkId( LORAWAN_NETWORK_ID );
    SerialDisplayUpdateDevAddr( DevAddr );
    SerialDisplayUpdateKey( 12, NwkSKey );
    SerialDisplayUpdateKey( 13, AppSKey );
#endif

    DeviceState = DEVICE_STATE_INIT;

    while( 1 )
    {
        SerialRxProcess( );
        if( IsNetworkJoinedStatusUpdate == true )
        {
            IsNetworkJoinedStatusUpdate = false;
            mibReq.Type = MIB_NETWORK_JOINED;
            LoRaMacMibGetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );
            SerialDisplayUpdateNetworkIsJoined( mibReq.Param.IsNetworkJoined );
        }
        if( Led1StateChanged == true )
        {
            Led1StateChanged = false;
            SerialDisplayUpdateLedState( 1, Led1State );
        }
        if( Led2StateChanged == true )
        {
            Led2StateChanged = false;
            SerialDisplayUpdateLedState( 2, Led2State );
        }
        if( Led3StateChanged == true )
        {
            Led3StateChanged = false;
            SerialDisplayUpdateLedState( 3, AppLedStateOn );
        }
        if( UplinkStatusUpdated == true )
        {
            UplinkStatusUpdated = false;
            SerialDisplayUpdateUplink( LoRaMacUplinkStatus.Acked, LoRaMacUplinkStatus.Datarate, LoRaMacUplinkStatus.UplinkCounter, LoRaMacUplinkStatus.Port, LoRaMacUplinkStatus.Buffer, LoRaMacUplinkStatus.BufferSize );
        }
        if( DownlinkStatusUpdated == true )
        {
            DownlinkStatusUpdated = false;
            SerialDisplayUpdateLedState( 2, Led2State );
            SerialDisplayUpdateDownlink( LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.RxData, LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Rssi, LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Snr, LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.DownlinkCounter, LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Port, LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.Buffer, LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.BufferSize );
        }
        
        switch( DeviceState )
        {
            case DEVICE_STATE_INIT:
            {
                LoRaMacPrimitives.MacMcpsConfirm = McpsConfirm;
                LoRaMacPrimitives.MacMcpsIndication = McpsIndication;
                LoRaMacPrimitives.MacMlmeConfirm = MlmeConfirm;
                LoRaMacCallbacks.GetBatteryLevel = BoardGetBatteryLevel;
                LoRaMacInitialization( &LoRaMacPrimitives, &LoRaMacCallbacks );

                TimerInit( &TxNextPacketTimer, OnTxNextPacketTimerEvent );

                TimerInit( &Led1Timer, OnLed1TimerEvent );
                TimerSetValue( &Led1Timer, 25 );

                TimerInit( &Led2Timer, OnLed2TimerEvent );
                TimerSetValue( &Led2Timer, 25 );

                mibReq.Type = MIB_ADR;
                mibReq.Param.AdrEnable = LORAWAN_ADR_ON;
                LoRaMacMibSetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );

                mibReq.Type = MIB_PUBLIC_NETWORK;
                mibReq.Param.EnablePublicNetwork = LORAWAN_PUBLIC_NETWORK;
                LoRaMacMibSetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );

#if defined( USE_BAND_868 )
                LoRaMacTestSetDutyCycleOn( LORAWAN_DUTYCYCLE_ON );
                SerialDisplayUpdateDutyCycle( LORAWAN_DUTYCYCLE_ON );

#if( USE_SEMTECH_DEFAULT_CHANNEL_LINEUP == 1 )
                LoRaMacChannelAdd( 3, ( ChannelParams_t )LC4 );
                LoRaMacChannelAdd( 4, ( ChannelParams_t )LC5 );
                LoRaMacChannelAdd( 5, ( ChannelParams_t )LC6 );
                LoRaMacChannelAdd( 6, ( ChannelParams_t )LC7 );
                LoRaMacChannelAdd( 7, ( ChannelParams_t )LC8 );
                LoRaMacChannelAdd( 8, ( ChannelParams_t )LC9 );
                LoRaMacChannelAdd( 9, ( ChannelParams_t )LC10 );

                mibReq.Type = MIB_RX2_DEFAULT_CHANNEL;
                mibReq.Param.Rx2DefaultChannel = ( Rx2ChannelParams_t ){ 869525000, DR_3 };
                LoRaMacMibSetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );

                mibReq.Type = MIB_RX2_CHANNEL;
                mibReq.Param.Rx2Channel = ( Rx2ChannelParams_t ){ 869525000, DR_3 };
                LoRaMacMibSetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );
#endif

#endif
                SerialDisplayUpdateActivationMode( OVER_THE_AIR_ACTIVATION );
                SerialDisplayUpdateAdr( LORAWAN_ADR_ON );
                SerialDisplayUpdatePublicNetwork( LORAWAN_PUBLIC_NETWORK );

                LoRaMacDownlinkStatus.DownlinkCounter = 0;

                DeviceState = DEVICE_STATE_JOIN;
                break;
            }
            case DEVICE_STATE_JOIN:
            {
#if( OVER_THE_AIR_ACTIVATION != 0 )
                MlmeReq_t mlmeReq;

                mlmeReq.Type = MLME_JOIN;

                mlmeReq.Req.Join.DevEui = DevEui;
                mlmeReq.Req.Join.AppEui = AppEui;
                mlmeReq.Req.Join.AppKey = AppKey;

                if( NextTx == true )
                {
                    LoRaMacMlmeRequest( &mlmeReq );
                }
                DeviceState = DEVICE_STATE_SLEEP;
#else
                mibReq.Type = MIB_NET_ID;
                mibReq.Param.NetID = LORAWAN_NETWORK_ID;
                LoRaMacMibSetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );

                mibReq.Type = MIB_DEV_ADDR;
                mibReq.Param.DevAddr = DevAddr;
                LoRaMacMibSetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );

                mibReq.Type = MIB_NWK_SKEY;
                mibReq.Param.NwkSKey = NwkSKey;
                LoRaMacMibSetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );

                mibReq.Type = MIB_APP_SKEY;
                mibReq.Param.AppSKey = AppSKey;
                LoRaMacMibSetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );

                mibReq.Type = MIB_NETWORK_JOINED;
                mibReq.Param.IsNetworkJoined = true;
                LoRaMacMibSetRequestConfirm( &mibReq );

                DeviceState = DEVICE_STATE_SEND;
#endif
                IsNetworkJoinedStatusUpdate = true;
                break;
            }
            case DEVICE_STATE_SEND:
            {
                if( NextTx == true )
                {
                    SerialDisplayUpdateUplinkAcked( false );
                    SerialDisplayUpdateDonwlinkRxData( false );
                    PrepareTxFrame( AppPort );

                    NextTx = SendFrame( );
                }
                if( ComplianceTest.Running == true )
                {
                    // Schedule next packet transmission
                    TxDutyCycleTime = 5000; // 5000 ms
                }
                else
                {
                    // Schedule next packet transmission
                    TxDutyCycleTime = APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE + randr( -APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND, APP_TX_DUTYCYCLE_RND );
                }
                DeviceState = DEVICE_STATE_CYCLE;
                break;
            }
            case DEVICE_STATE_CYCLE:
            {
                DeviceState = DEVICE_STATE_SLEEP;

                // Schedule next packet transmission
                TimerSetValue( &TxNextPacketTimer, TxDutyCycleTime );
                TimerStart( &TxNextPacketTimer );
                break;
            }
            case DEVICE_STATE_SLEEP:
            {
                // Wake up through events
                break;
            }
            default:
            {
                DeviceState = DEVICE_STATE_INIT;
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}