Cortex-M3 Instruction Set Summary
The processor implements the ARMv7-M Thumb instruction set. Table 1 shows the Cortex-M3 instructions and their cycle counts. The cycle counts are based on a system with zero wait states. Within the assembler syntax, depending on the operation, the <op2> field can be replaced with one of the following options:
For brevity, not all load and store addressing modes are shown. See the ARMv7-M Architecture Reference Manual for more information. Table 1 uses the following abbreviations in the Cycles column:
P - The number of cycles required for a pipeline refill. This ranges from 1 to 3 depending on the alignment and width of the target instruction, and whether the processor manages to speculate the address early.
B - The number of cycles required to perform the barrier operation. For DSB and DMB, the minimum number of cycles is zero. For ISB, the minimum number of cycles is equivalent to the number required for a pipeline refill.
N -The number of registers in the register list to be loaded or stored, including PC or LR.
W- The number of cycles spent waiting for an appropriate event.
Table 1 Cortex-M3 instruction set summary
Operation |
Description |
Assembler |
Cycles |
Move |
Register |
MOV Rd, <op2> |
1 |
16-bit immediate |
MOVW Rd, #<imm> |
1 |
|
Immediate into top |
MOVT Rd, #<imm> |
1 |
|
To PC |
MOV PC, Rm |
1 + P |
|
Add |
Add |
ADD Rd, Rn, <op2> |
1 |
Add to PC |
ADD PC, PC, Rm |
1 + P |
|
Add with carry |
ADC Rd, Rn, <op2> |
1 |
|
Form address |
ADR Rd, <label> |
1 |
|
Subtract |
Subtract |
SUB Rd, Rn, <op2> |
1 |
Subtract with borrow |
SBC Rd, Rn, <op2> |
1 |
|
Reverse |
RSB Rd, Rn, <op2> |
1 |
|
Multiply |
Multiply |
MUL Rd, Rn, Rm |
1 |
Multiply accumulate |
MLA Rd, Rn, Rm |
2 |
|
Multiply subtract |
MLS Rd, Rn, Rm |
2 |
|
Long signed |
SMULL RdLo, RdHi, Rn, Rm |
3 to 5[a] |
|
Long unsigned |
UMULL RdLo, RdHi, Rn, Rm |
3 to 5[a] |
|
Long signed accumulate |
SMLAL RdLo, RdHi, Rn, Rm |
4 to 7[a] |
|
Long unsigned accumulate |
UMLAL RdLo, RdHi, Rn, Rm |
4 to 7[a] |
|
Divide |
Signed |
SDIV Rd, Rn, Rm |
2 to 12[b] |
Unsigned |
UDIV Rd, Rn, Rm |
2 to 12[b] |
|
Saturate |
Signed |
SSAT Rd, #<imm>, <op2> |
1 |
Unsigned |
USAT Rd, #<imm>, <op2> |
1 |
|
Compare |
Compare |
CMP Rn, <op2> |
1 |
Negative |
CMN Rn, <op2> |
1 |
|
Logical |
AND |
AND Rd, Rn, <op2> |
1 |
Exclusive OR |
EOR Rd, Rn, <op2> |
1 |
|
OR |
ORR Rd, Rn, <op2> |
1 |
|
OR NOT |
ORN Rd, Rn, <op2> |
1 |
|
Bit clear |
BIC Rd, Rn, <op2> |
1 |
|
Move NOT |
MVN Rd, <op2> |
1 |
|
AND test |
TST Rn, <op2> |
1 |
|
Exclusive OR test |
TEQ Rn, <op1> |
|
|
Shift |
Logical shift left |
LSL Rd, Rn, #<imm> |
1 |
Logical shift left |
LSL Rd, Rn, Rs |
1 |
|
Logical shift right |
LSR Rd, Rn, #<imm> |
1 |
|
Logical shift right |
LSR Rd, Rn, Rs |
1 |
|
Arithmetic shift right |
ASR Rd, Rn, #<imm> |
1 |
|
Arithmetic shift right |
ASR Rd, Rn, Rs |
1 |
|
Rotate |
Rotate right |
ROR Rd, Rn, #<imm> |
1 |
Rotate right |
ROR Rd, Rn, Rs |
1 |
|
With extension |
RRX Rd, Rn |
1 |
|
Count |
Leading zeroes |
CLZ Rd, Rn |
1 |
Load |
Word |
LDR Rd, [Rn, <op2>] |
2[c] |
To PC |
LDR PC, [Rn, <op2>] |
2[c] + P |
|
Halfword |
LDRH Rd, [Rn, <op2>] |
2[c] |
|
Byte |
LDRB Rd, [Rn, <op2>] |
2[c] |
|
Signed halfword |
LDRSH Rd, [Rn, <op2>] |
2[c] |
|
Signed byte |
LDRSB Rd, [Rn, <op2>] |
2[c] |
|
User word |
LDRT Rd, [Rn, #<imm>] |
2[c] |
|
User halfword |
LDRHT Rd, [Rn, #<imm>] |
2[c] |
|
User byte |
LDRBT Rd, [Rn, #<imm>] |
2[c] |
|
User signed halfword |
LDRSHT Rd, [Rn, #<imm>] |
2[c] |
|
User signed byte |
LDRSBT Rd, [Rn, #<imm>] |
2[c] |
|
PC relative |
LDR Rd,[PC, #<imm>] |
2[c] |
|
Doubleword |
LDRD Rd, Rd, [Rn, #<imm>] |
1 + N |
|
Multiple |
LDM Rn, {<reglist>} |
1 + N |
|
Multiple including PC |
LDM Rn, {<reglist>, PC} |
1 + N + P |
|
Store |
Word |
STR Rd, [Rn, <op2>] |
2[c] |
Halfword |
STRH Rd, [Rn, <op2>] |
2[c] |
|
Byte |
STRB Rd, [Rn, <op2>] |
2[c] |
|
Signed halfword |
STRSH Rd, [Rn, <op2>] |
2[c] |
|
Signed byte |
STRSB Rd, [Rn, <op2>] |
2[c] |
|
User word |
STRT Rd, [Rn, #<imm>] |
2[c] |
|
User halfword |
STRHT Rd, [Rn, #<imm>] |
2[c] |
|
User byte |
STRBT Rd, [Rn, #<imm>] |
2[c] |
|
User signed halfword |
STRSHT Rd, [Rn, #<imm>] |
2[c] |
|
User signed byte |
STRSBT Rd, [Rn, #<imm>] |
2c |
|
Doubleword |
STRD Rd, Rd, [Rn, #<imm>] |
1 + N |
|
Multiple |
STM Rn, {<reglist>} |
1 + N |
|
Push |
Push |
PUSH {<reglist>} |
1 + N |
Push with link register |
PUSH {<reglist>, LR} |
1 + N |
|
Pop |
Pop |
POP {<reglist>} |
1 + N |
Pop and return |
POP {<reglist>, PC} |
1 + N + P |
|
Semaphore |
Load exclusive |
LDREX Rd, [Rn, #<imm>] |
2 |
Load exclusive half |
LDREXH Rd, [Rn] |
2 |
|
Load exclusive byte |
LDREXB Rd, [Rn] |
2 |
|
Store exclusive |
STREX Rd, Rt, [Rn, #<imm>] |
2 |
|
Store exclusive half |
STREXH Rd, Rt, [Rn] |
2 |
|
Store exclusive byte |
STREXB Rd, Rt, [Rn] |
2 |
|
Clear exclusive monitor |
CLREX |
1 |
|
Branch |
Conditional |
B<cc> <label> |
1 or 1 + P[d] |
Unconditional |
B <label> |
1 + P |
|
With link |
BL <label> |
1 + P |
|
With exchange |
BX Rm |
1 + P |
|
With link and exchange |
BLX Rm |
1 + P |
|
Branch if zero |
CBZ Rn, <label> |
1 or 1 + P[d] |
|
Branch if non-zero |
CBNZ Rn, <label> |
1 or 1 + P[d] |
|
Byte table branch |
TBB [Rn, Rm] |
2 + P |
|
Halfword table branch |
TBH [Rn, Rm, LSL#1] |
2 + P |
|
State change |
Supervisor call |
SVC #<imm> |
- |
If-then-else |
IT... <cond> |
1[e] |
|
Disable interrupts |
CPSID <flags> |
1 or 2 |
|
Enable interrupts |
CPSIE <flags> |
1 or 2 |
|
Read special register |
MRS Rd, <specreg> |
1 or 2 |
|
Write special register |
MSR <specreg>, Rn |
1 or 2 |
|
Breakpoint |
BKPT #<imm> |
- |
|
Extend |
Signed halfword to word |
SXTH Rd, <op2> |
1 |
Signed byte to word |
SXTB Rd, <op2> |
1 |
|
Unsigned halfword |
UXTH Rd, <op2> |
1 |
|
Unsigned byte |
UXTB Rd, <op2> |
1 |
|
Bit field |
Extract unsigned |
UBFX Rd, Rn, #<imm>, #<imm> |
1 |
Extract signed |
SBFX Rd, Rn, #<imm>, #<imm> |
1 |
|
Clear |
BFC Rd, Rn, #<imm>, #<imm> |
1 |
|
Insert |
BFI Rd, Rn, #<imm>, #<imm> |
1 |
|
Reverse |
Bytes in word |
REV Rd, Rm |
1 |
Bytes in both halfwords |
REV16 Rd, Rm |
1 |
|
Signed bottom halfword |
REVSH Rd, Rm |
1 |
|
Bits in word |
RBIT Rd, Rm |
1 |
|
Hint |
Send event |
SEV |
1 |
Wait for event |
WFE |
1 + W |
|
Wait for interrupt |
WFI |
1 + W |
|
No operation |
NOP |
1 |
|
Barriers |
Instruction synchronization |
ISB |
1 + B |
Data memory |
DMB |
1 + B |
|
Data synchronization |
DSB <flags> |
1 + B |
|
[a] UMULL, SMULL, UMLAL, and SMLAL instructions use early termination depending on the size of the source values. These are interruptible, that is abandoned and restarted, with worst case latency of one cycle. [b] Division operations use early termination to minimize the number of cycles required based on the number of leading ones and zeroes in the input operands. [c] Neighboring load and store single instructions can pipeline their address and data phases. This enables these instructions to complete in a single execution cycle. [d] Conditional branch completes in a single cycle if the branch is not taken. [e] An IT instruction can be folded onto a preceding 16-bit Thumb instruction, enabling execution in zero cycles. |